The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
当孩子们由父母陪同时,他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3.过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时,相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看,整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟,我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动,她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来,但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时,可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟着两个学生,老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2.动词ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动词ing②名词所有格+动词ing③代词宾格+动词ing④名词+动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我没能按时来。His father's being ill made him worried.他父亲病了,他很担心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。
幂函数是在继一次函数、反比例函数、二次函数之后,又学习了单调性、最值、奇偶性的基础上,借助实例,总结出幂函数的概念,再借助图像研究幂函数的性质.课程目标1、理解幂函数的概念,会画幂函数y=x,y=x2,y=x3,y=x-1,y=x 的图象;2、结合这几个幂函数的图象,理解幂函数图象的变化情况和性质;3、通过观察、总结幂函数的性质,培养学生概括抽象和识图能力.数学学科素养1.数学抽象:用数学语言表示函数幂函数;2.逻辑推理:常见幂函数的性质;3.数学运算:利用幂函数的概念求参数;4.数据分析:比较幂函数大小;5.数学建模:在具体问题情境中,运用数形结合思想,利用幂函数性质、图像特点解决实际问题。重点:常见幂函数的概念、图象和性质;难点:幂函数的单调性及比较两个幂值的大小.
2,解决三个圆片能摆出的数。小精灵聪聪也给大家提问题了:(课件出示:你能用三个圆片表示不同的数吗?)你们回答他,能不能?(1)现在请小朋友们自己动手摆一摆,并且不自己摆出来的数写在老师发给你们的纸上,看谁摆的又快又对。(2)汇报结果:你摆了几个数?分别是什么?是怎么摆的 ?这个活动的设计是为了培养学生的动手操作能力,提高学生学习数学的热情。利用自己总结出来的方法来进行操作,让学生体会到成就感。通过学生的汇报,培养学生的语言表达能力,让学生的手,脑,口的能力同时得到了锻炼。3,小朋友们真棒,现在我们不摆圆片,你能不能在脑子里想着摆圆片的方法,在纸上写出四个圆片都能表示那些数字呢 ?这个活动的设计,是让学生从操作走向有序的思维,让学生有条理的思考问题,将数学抽象化。
(三) 学情分析初中阶段的学生正处在世界观、人生观、价值观形成的关键时期, 加强对这 一年龄段学生的法治教育尤为重要。随着学生生活范围的延展和能力的提升, 本课程的学习逐步扩展到国家和社 会。从生活经验看, 大部分中学生有参与班干竞选、给班级或学校提建议的经验。 从知识储备看, 学生在八年级下册已经学习了我国的根本政治制度、基本政治制 度, 故学习本课知识已经具备了一定的理论基础。但如何理解民主, 还需要通过 不断的学习来建立认同。另外七八年级也打下了一定的法律基础, 学生已经初步 了解个人的成长和参与社会生活必备的基本法律常识。本单元第三课通过介绍社会主义民主制度的确立过程, 中国特色社会主义民 主的本质和实现方式, 引领学生理解社会、参与公共生活, 帮助学生认同民主的 价值,引导学生做负责任的公民。第四课阐释法治是什么、回顾法治中国的历程、 明确为什么选择中国特色社会主义法治道路、怎样建设法治中国及初中生在法治 中国的建设中应扮演怎么样的角色等问题, 帮助学生认识法治中国的进程, 引导 学生正确看待法治中国建设进程中出现或可能出现的问题, 进而把法治作为基本 的生活方式,在实践中培育法治观念。
教师小结:同学们,通过刚才的讨论,我们明白了只有大家共同遵守规则,才能创造和谐文明的社会环境,正如著名学者莱蒙特所说的:“世界上的一切都必须按照一定的规矩秩序各就各位。”(六)、课堂总结师:通过今天对《建立良好的公共秩序》这一课的学习,我们懂得了什么?在生回答的基础上师进一步谈话:生活中有许多看起来是微不足道的事情,实际上都同社会的主产、生活乃至每个社会成员的工作、学习、生活密不可分,如果一个社会的公共秩序受到了破坏,这个社会的正常生产和生活也就受到极大的影响,社会风气就会颓败,反之如果一个社会的每个成员都学法、懂法、守法、护法,拥有一个良好的公共秩序,那么社会就会有条有理,井然有序,因此建立一个良好的社会公共秩序,是我们大家的迫切希望,希望同学们从我做起,从现在做起,认真遵守公共秩序吧!
11.材料一:王某在校外结识了一群哥们,总是他们相约去网吧,彻夜不归玩游戏,还 聚众打架。某日,他们相约到路边向低年级同学敲诈勒索,被人当场抓获并扭送公安机关。材料二:小英性格内向,不爱与人交流,但她在同桌小红的影响下,逐渐开始活泼起来, 在班级里结交了不少朋友。(1) 王某、小英发生上述变化的原因分别是什么?(2) 结合材料一和材料二,谈谈你对友谊的理解。12.我和小莉是形影不离的好朋友,可是有一次学校举办演讲比赛,我们都报了名,但 是小莉被选上了,我却没有。从此,我心中有了“心结” ,不愿再与小莉说话了。后来我在 网上认识了小 A,我们之间无话不谈、志趣相投。某日小 A 向我借钱,我答应了,他很快就 还给我了。于是,我更加坚信他是值得相信的朋友。后来,他再找我借钱,我又一次借给了 他,但没想到, 自此以后,他仿佛消失了一般,再也没有联系过我。伤心的我,把这事告诉了小莉,小莉建议我在家长的陪同下去报警并陪我渡过那段伤心 的时光,从此我们的友谊更加坚固。(1) 如果你是材料中的“我” ,你落选时朋友小莉却被选中参赛,你会怎么做?请说 明原因。(2) 材料启示我们,结交网友时需要注意什么?
第二框“师生交往”,主要帮助学生懂得“教学相长”的道理,强调师生之间上午双向互动,引导学生正确对待老师的引领和指导,全面认识师生交往的实质,努力建立和谐的师生关系,达到师生交往理想而美好的状态。第七课《亲情之爱》引导学生认识现代家庭的特点,培养学生在亲子之间积极沟通的能力和意识,学会表达爱,让家庭更美好成为一种发自内心的呼唤,与父母共创美好家庭。第一框“家的意味”,主要引导学生通过对我国传统文化“家训”“家规”的探究,了解中国家庭文化中“孝”的精神内涵,引导学生对家庭美德的深入思考,进而引导学生学会孝亲敬长。第二框“爱在家人间”,主要帮助学生认识到进入青春期的初中学生与家人之间产生冲突,既有自我独立意识增强与依赖心理之间的矛盾的原因,又有代际之间心智、学识、经历等方面的较大差异,掌握呵护亲情和解决冲突的方法。
( 一) 活动步骤1.全班分为4 各小组:绘画组, 日记组,网络组,实践组。每个小组设置 1 名小组长。 我列出了四项作业供每个学习小组选做,之后课上分享展示学习成果。(1) 调查中学时代对一个人的重要性或者人生影响 (可以调查周围的亲朋好友 也可以调查小区的人) 。调查结果写心得体会或者写报告,深刻认识到中学时代 对一个人的重要性。 (实践组)(2) 走出安逸区,真正的成长是有艰辛和汗水造就的,列出自己的目标、学习 习惯的行动和计划。对自己的学习习惯进行深刻分析后制订了习惯养成计划表, 每天对照执行。学生可以请求同学和家长经常提醒、监督自己,以养成良好的习 惯,改正缺点,做更好的自己,实现自己的目标。 (绘画组)(3) 编写自己的成长手册 (自评、他评、老师评价) ,记录你的奋斗目标你的 想法和创意,让他见证和助推你的成长。 ( 日记组)(4) 负责记录,拍照,将活动内容传到 QQ 群里,写这一单元的活动小报。 (网 络组)(二) 时间要求:15 分钟
【答案】 (1) 反映了微信、 微博等现代沟通手段影响家庭成员之间的生活与 交流方式。一些子女随着年龄的增长反感父母的过度关注,故意设置障碍将父母 屏蔽,影响了与父母的沟通与交流。(2) ①在家庭中,家人之间有着不同的价值观念和生活方式,这些差异可能 带来家庭成员间的矛盾和冲突,影响家庭和谐。 ②这需要家庭成员之间互相信 任、体谅和包容。 ③有效的交流和沟通,可以增进理解,化解矛盾和冲突。 ④孝 亲敬长,要从小事做起,细致入微的关怀,要亲近父母,主动与父母进行沟通。【设计意图及分析】第 (1) 问考查与父母的交流问题,从微信、 微博等影响 家庭成员之间的交流方式,一些子女反感父母的过度关注,故意设置障碍将父母 屏蔽,影响了与父母的交流等角度作答。第 (2) 问考查建设和谐美好家庭的要 求,从家庭成员冲突的原因;化解冲突需要家庭成员之间互相信任、体谅和包 容;交流和沟通;孝亲敬长,要从小事做起,亲近父母,主动与父母交流;用良 好心态面对家庭发生的变化等角度作答。
教师小结:同学们,通过刚才的讨论,我们明白了只有大家共同遵守规则,才能创造和谐文明的社会环境,正如著名学者莱蒙特所说的:“世界上的一切都必须按照一定的规矩秩序各就各位。”(六)、课堂总结师:通过今天对《建立良好的公共秩序》这一课的学习,我们懂得了什么?在生回答的基础上师进一步谈话:生活中有许多看起来是微不足道的事情,实际上都同社会的主产、生活乃至每个社会成员的工作、学习、生活密不可分,如果一个社会的公共秩序受到了破坏,这个社会的正常生产和生活也就受到极大的影响,社会风气就会颓败,反之如果一个社会的每个成员都学法、懂法、守法、护法,拥有一个良好的公共秩序,那么社会就会有条有理,井然有序,因此建立一个良好的社会公共秩序,是我们大家的迫切希望,希望同学们从我做起,从现在做起,认真遵守公共秩序吧!
1.看过了视频,接下来由各个小组与我们分享他们在课下准备的核心价值观小品,每组表演时,剩下的小组猜测表演的是哪一个核心价值观并在活动评价单上进行评分。2.教师总结:“精神文明建设使人们的生活更美好”教师引导学生:精神文明建设搞好了,人心凝聚,精神振奋,各项事业才会全面兴盛。活动二:走进新时代,怀揣中国梦。1.播放“中国梦”优秀少儿演讲视频。2.阅读课本,交流感想。活动三:争做时代好少年1.回顾各小组的表演,把其中所有的不良习惯和闪光举动逐个挑出来再次强调。2.小组交流班级内部常见的坏习惯。教师总结。总结延伸:通过本节课的学习了解到青少儿应积极投身于社会主义精神文明建设的伟大实践中去,做新时代的好少,做新时期中国先进文化的传播者。
阅读教材第88、89页内容,思考︰(1)"新四大发明"出现的主要原因是什么?(2)科技创新与国家发展、人民生活有什么关系?(3)改革创新对于一个国家和民族有什么重要作用?提示︰(1)改革创新的实践以及"科教兴国"战略的落实。(2)促进了经济领域的飞速发展,也促使科技、文化、生活等各个领域取得辉煌成就,不断推动社会的进步和国家的富强。只有在不断改革创新中,一个民族的凝聚力才能不断增强,一个国家的生机活力才能不断焕发。弘扬以改革创新为核心的时代精神,努力投身创新实践,发展才会有新思路,改革才会有新突破,我们才能开创更加美好的未来。第三个环节:课堂小结改革创新是时代的最强音。只有在不断改革创新中,一个民族的凝聚力才能不断增强,一个国家的生机活力才能不断焕发。
参考答案:(1) 人与自然和谐共生。(2) ①国家:加强立法,完善资源环境方面的法律法规,严格执法;坚持保护环境、节 约资源的基本国策,坚持可持续发展战略;处理好经济发展与环境保护的关系,走绿色、 循环、低碳发展之路;建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会。②企业:增强社会责任意识, 依法履行保护环境的义务,落实节能减排政策;加大环保资金的投入力度;依靠科技创 新,提高资源利用率。③个人:学习和宣传环保知识,践行低碳生活方式;从身边小事 做起,落实环保行动;积极向有关部门献计献策:勇于同各种破坏生态环境的行为作斗 争等。(3) 有一种习惯叫光盘,有一种意识叫珍惜,有一种美德叫节约;我们要尊重汗水和创 造,弘扬中华民族勤俭节约的传统美德等。(言之有理即可)(4) 答案示例:王经理,您好。我是“光盘行动”的志愿者,看到咱们酒店的餐饮浪费 比较严重,冒昧给您提个建议,您能否让服务员在点菜时提醒顾客要适量(为顾客提供 “半份菜”“小份菜”),以减少浪费,希望您能采纳。
《函数的单调性与最大(小)值}》系人教A版高中数学必修第一册第三章第二节的内容,本节包括函数的单调性的定义与判断及其证明、函数最大(小)值的求法。在初中学习函数时,借助图像的直观性研究了一些函数的增减性,这节内容是初中有关内容的深化、延伸和提高函数的单调性是函数众多性质中的重要性质之一,函数的单调性一节中的知识是前一节内容函数的概念和图像知识的延续,它和后面的函数奇偶性,合称为函数的简单性质,是今后研究指数函数、对数函数、幂函数及其他函数单调性的理论基础;在解决函数值域、定义域、不等式、比较两数大小等具体问需用到函数的单调性;同时在这一节中利用函数图象来研究函数性质的救开结合思想将贯穿于我们整个高中数学教学。
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