The activity topic of this section is "report an ongoing event", and the structure is the passive voice of present continuous tense. Rare wild animals are suffering from large-scale poaching, and species are on the brink of danger. Rescue operations are underway. "Being" and "suffering" are the meanings of the present progressive passive voice.The usage of present progressive passive voice is of great importance in writing a good discourse and appreciating some difficult language items, so it is vital to master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Motivate Ss to deepen the understanding of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a fixed context.2. Enable Ss to master the usage of present progressive passive voice and use it flexibly in a context.3. Lead Ss to construct sentences or appreciate sentences used master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper usage of present progressive passive voice.Look at the picture and tell me what are workers doing? What is the house being done?
The listening and speaking part aims at how to protect and help endangered animals by listening, speaking and talking about the facts and reasons. This lesson analyzes the decreasing clause of Tibetan antelope population and the measures of protecting Tibetan antelopes. So students can be guided to learn to analyse the title and use different reading skills or strategies, like scanning, skimming and careful reading.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.Step 1 Leading-inWatch a video about elephants and whales and then ask:Why are they endangered ? They are killed/hunted
1. 标题首先根据海报的特点、格式写明标题。海报中往往把内容作为大标题。例如: Save the earth, Save the birds。2. 正文部分不同的海报其正文部分的侧重点不同。对于介绍性的海报, 首先要引出话题, 其次列出原因, 最后是总结。对于宣传类的海报, 要写明具体内容, 如: 活动内容, 地点以及参加活动的注意事项, 主持或举办单位等。1. 图片: 要选择引人注目的图片, 与主题要相关, 色彩明亮。话题句式 1. It is a treasure of our country. 它是我国的国宝。2. Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world. 信不信由你, 目前世界上仅现存几千只熊猫。 3.It’s because of human activities that tigers are endangered. 正是因为人类的活动, 老虎处于濒危的状态。4. Many wild animals are in danger of dying out. 很多野生动物面临着灭绝的危险。 5. The government has taken effective measures to protect them. 政府已采取有效的措施来保护它们。6. People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals. 人们应该提高保护野生动物的意识。 7. It’s amazing that there are merely less than 1, 000 finless porpoises living in China. 非常令人吃惊, 目前中国仅有不足1 000只江豚。
This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑选出来参加运动会。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.
Step 5 Practice一、完成下列句子。1. Judy and I _______________(把车停下来(park))in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square, where we could ______________________(让我们的车充电(charge)).2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it ___________ that there were no audio guides____________(留下,剩下).3. We__________________________(发现自己对...很惊讶)the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy ____________________(眼神专注于) Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She ____________________(把这幅画的复制品装箱(box)) to ensure that it was delivered safely.答案:1.had our car parked get our car battery charged 2. announced left 3. found ourselves very surprised 4. had her eyes fixed on 5. had a copy of the painting boxed二、用过去分词对下列句子进行改写。1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.2. Carl and his friend stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.答案:1. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.4. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
Paragraph 3. Jan decided to start an IT club to teach old people how to use computers and the Internet. Paragraph 4. Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Paragraph 5. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Step 5: Critical thinking:(1)How do you arrange your time spent on study and the Internet? Is it reasonable? I usually surf the Internet using my mobile phone for only an hour after class, and it is reasonable for me.(2)What are your online activities? Are they safe? I chat with my friends, read news and play games. I never give away my private information so I think they are safe.Step 4: summary Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)______(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)_____(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) _________________(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)_____(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)___(she) company. She joined an online group (6)______ she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)_______(benefit). She was so inspired (8)____ she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)___ children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)______(great) improved by the Internet. Step 5 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.
This unit is about history and traditions. From the opening page, we can know that this unit will introduce the history and traditions around the world. As Marcus Garvey says “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots”, it is important for students to realize the importance and value of knowing the history and traditions and their further meanings. And this part ( listening and speaking ) is divided into two parts: Part A---share views on historic sites, Part B ---talk about a visit to a historic tourist destination. By talking with a foreigner, the speakers introduce the historic attractions and their cultures. Part A is that William, a British student, who was going to visit the Confucius Temple and a Chinese student, Xiao Kong, who was going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. Part B is a conversation between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel receptionist and Paul, a backpacker about the feelings and experience after visiting the Chinese famous tourist attraction Pingyao.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to talk about historic spots and great person.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to discuss with their peers the related topics.3. Enable students to use the functional items of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.
⑦identity theft 身份盗窃⑧chat room 聊天室⑨draft your blog post 起草博客帖子⑩post embarrassing photos 张贴尴尬照片 【话题句式】 1. How do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 你如何在网上保持安全, 避免在网上的不良经历? 2. I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. 我不是专家, 但作为一个博主, 我已经学了好几年了。 3. If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. 如果你看到或读到一些让你觉得不舒服的东西, 立即离开这个网站。4. Don’t give out your address or phone number. 别告诉别人你的地址或电话号码。 5. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. 身份盗窃是一个常见而严重的问题。6. Being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. 上网并不是无礼的借口, 你也不想成为发挑衅帖子的人或网络恶霸的目标。 7. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. 发挑衅帖子的人经常使用几个假名, 这样他们就可以留在一个网站上。8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有礼貌, 你被攻击的可能性就越小。
Features of languages1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.该句是一个复合句。该句主句为:the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK;which resulted in the full name we have today为which引导的定语从句代指前面整句话的内容,we have today为定语从句修饰先行词name。译文:最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离英国,这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.该句是一个复合句。该句主句为:you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people;其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK为让步状语从句; who took over at different times throughout history为定语从句修饰先行词people。译文:几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方,你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.该句是一个复合句。该句主句为:The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.为原因状语从句;dating all the way back to Roman times为现在分词短语作定语修饰history。
Step1:自主探究。1.(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.2.(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”3.(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage).4.(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day.Step2:语法要点精析。用法1:过去分词作表语1).过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语,表示主语所处的状态Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.终于婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。注意:1).过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时,强调主语所处的状态;而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作。The library is now closed.(状态)图书馆现在关闭了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(动作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。2)感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态,常译作“感到……的”;现在分词多表示事物具有的特性,常译作“令人……的”。
This section focuses on "learning about experiencing music Online". This virtual choir is a new form of music performance. Members from all over the world don't need to love to come to a place. Instead, they use the new technology to model the various parts and wonderful virtual harmony group of music in the family. Students need to understand the main meaning of each paragraph. Finding topic sentences is an important way to understand the general idea of a paragraph. After the topic sentence, it is usually the detail sentence that supports and explains the topic sentence. Some paragraphs have obvious subject sentences, for example, the first sentence of the second paragraph is the subject sentence of the paragraph, and the following sentenceStudents need to pay attention to the topic sentences and key sentences, and then pay attention to how the sentences after the meaning explain, explain and support the topic sentences or key sentences before.1.Guide students to learn about experiencing music online2.Guide students to scan and circle the information in the text.3.Guide students to find the numbers and dates to fill in the timeline.4.Guide students to learn more about music by completing the sentences with the correct forms of the words and phrases. And then make a mind map about the outline of the passage.1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the main meaning of each paragraph and understand the narrative characteristics of "timeline” in illustrative style.3. Lead students to understand the changes that have been caused by the Internet.
尊敬的老师们,亲爱的同学们:新年好!大地回春,万象更新!一个姹紫嫣红的春天,一个充满生机的新学期已经来到了我们的面前,我们带着对寒假生活的美好记忆,怀着对新年的幢憬,对新学期的向往,又开始了求知生涯中的又一个新的里程。在过去的一年,我校以科学发展观为指导,在“善待每一位学生,相信每一位学生,让每一位学生都走向成功”的办学理念引领下,以减负增效、不断提高课堂效益为突破口,进一步更新教育观念,认真落实“夯实基础,循序渐进,滚动提高;把握要求,精讲多练,提高效率”的教学思路,努力“向管理要质量,向效率要成绩,向自信要分数”,全体教师继续发扬我校的“三种精神”,取得了令人瞩目的优异成绩。如今,我们深知学生和家长对我们的要求更高了,各级领导对我们的期望更高了,社会各界对我们关注的目光更多了,省奔中人肩负的担子更重了。为了不辜负社会各界对我们的殷切期望,下面我将送给同学们五大优秀品质,希望大家运用潜意识的力量和实际行动不断强化这些优秀品质,成就自己的靓丽人生。
结束语:怀才不遇的柳宗元,他像陶渊明一样“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”,也像吴均一样“从流飘荡,任意东西”,面对“凄神寒骨,悄怆幽邃”的小石潭,他选择“记之而去”,这其实体现的是柳宗元的人生态度。他有着高贵的灵魂,选择了自己想要的人生。在柳宗元身上,我们看到了古代圣贤在人生困顿之时坚守的济世情怀,那么我们又该如何实现人生的价值呢?这是我们要认真思考的一个人生命题。【设计意图】本环节通过抓住景物特点,帮助学生揣摩分析作者情感,体会寓情于景的特点。并通过插入作者的相关背景,引导学生准确把握作者心情由乐而悲的缘由,依据文本,具体深入而非概念化地理解作者“悲”的由来。三、存储总结1.师小结山水游记的写法(1)合理安排写景方法。如移步换景、定点观察等。(2)细致生动地描绘游览过程中所看到的主要景物,突出其特点。(3)巧妙地运用多种修辞手法、描写手法,使语言生动优美,富于变化。(4)融情于景,情景交融。2.推荐阅读课后阅读“永州八记”中的其他篇目。
6. 例二:如图,AB是⊙O的直径,PA垂直于⊙O所在的平面,C是圆周上的一点,且PA=AC,求二面角P-BC-A的大小. 解:由已知PA⊥平面ABC,BC在平面ABC内∴PA⊥BC∵AB是⊙O的直径,且点C在圆周上,∴AC⊥BC又∵PA∩AC=A,PA,AC在平面PAC内,∴BC⊥平面PAC又PC在平面PAC内,∴PC⊥BC又∵BC是二面角P-BC-A的棱,∴∠PCA是二面角P-BC-A的平面角由PA=AC知△PAC是等腰直角三角形∴∠PCA=45°,即二面角P-BC-A的大小是45°7.面面垂直定义一般地,两个平面相交,如果它们所成的二面角是直二面角,就说这两个平面互相垂直,平面α与β垂直,记作α⊥β8. 探究:建筑工人在砌墙时,常用铅锤来检测所砌的墙面与地面是否垂直,如果系有铅锤的细绳紧贴墙面,工人师傅被认为墙面垂直于地面,否则他就认为墙面不垂直于地面,这种方法说明了什么道理?
问题二:上述问题中,甲、乙的平均数、中位数、众数相同,但二者的射击成绩存在差异,那么,如何度量这种差异呢?我们可以利用极差进行度量。根据上述数据计算得:甲的极差=10-4=6 乙的极差=9-5=4极差在一定程度上刻画了数据的离散程度。由极差发现甲的成绩波动范围比乙的大。但由于极差只使用了数据中最大、最小两个值的信息,所含的信息量很少。也就是说,极差度量出的差异误差较大。问题三:你还能想出其他刻画数据离散程度的办法吗?我们知道,如果射击的成绩很稳定,那么大多数的射击成绩离平均成绩不会太远;相反,如果射击的成绩波动幅度很大,那么大多数的射击成绩离平均成绩会比较远。因此,我们可以通过这两组射击成绩与它们的平均成绩的“平均距离”来度量成绩的波动幅度。
可以通过下面的步骤计算一组n个数据的第p百分位数:第一步:按从小到大排列原始数据;第二步:计算i=n×p%;第三步:若i不是整数,而大于i的比邻整数位j,则第p百分位数为第j项数据;若i是整数,则第p百分位数为第i项与第i+1项的平均数。我们在初中学过的中位数,相当于是第50百分位数。在实际应用中,除了中位数外,常用的分位数还有第25百分位数,第75百分位数。这三个分位数把一组由小到大排列后的数据分成四等份,因此称为四分位数。其中第25百分位数也称为第一四分位数或下四分位数等,第75百分位数也称为第三四分位数或上四分位数等。另外,像第1百分位数,第5百分位数,第95百分位数,和第99百分位数在统计中也经常被使用。例2、根据下列样本数据,估计树人中学高一年级女生第25,50,75百分位数。
新知讲授(一)——古典概型 对随机事件发生可能性大小的度量(数值)称为事件的概率。我们将具有以上两个特征的试验称为古典概型试验,其数学模型称为古典概率模型,简称古典概型。即具有以下两个特征:1、有限性:样本空间的样本点只有有限个;2、等可能性:每个样本点发生的可能性相等。思考一:下面的随机试验是不是古典概型?(1)一个班级中有18名男生、22名女生。采用抽签的方式,从中随机选择一名学生,事件A=“抽到男生”(2)抛掷一枚质地均匀的硬币3次,事件B=“恰好一次正面朝上”(1)班级中共有40名学生,从中选择一名学生,即样本点是有限个;因为是随机选取的,所以选到每个学生的可能性都相等,因此这是一个古典概型。
9.例二:如图,AB∩α=B,A?α, ?a.直线AB与a具有怎样的位置关系?为什么?解:直线AB与a是异面直线。理由如下:若直线AB与a不是异面直线,则它们相交或平行,设它们确定的平面为β,则B∈β, 由于经过点B与直线a有且仅有一个平面α,因此平面平面α与β重合,从而 , 进而A∈α,这与A?α矛盾。所以直线AB与a是异面直线。补充说明:例二告诉我们一种判断异面直线的方法:与一个平面相交的直线和这个平面内不经过交点的直线是异面直线。10. 例3 已知a,b,c是三条直线,如果a与b是异面直线,b与c是异面直线,那么a与c有怎样的位置关系?并画图说明.解: 直线a与直线c的位置关系可以是平行、相交、异面.如图(1)(2)(3).总结:判定两条直线是异面直线的方法(1)定义法:由定义判断两条直线不可能在同一平面内.
1.探究:根据基本事实的推论2,3,过两条平行直线或两条相交直线,有且只有一个平面,由此可以想到,如果一个平面内有两条相交或平行直线都与另一个平面平行,是否就能使这两个平面平行?如图(1),a和b分别是矩形硬纸板的两条对边所在直线,它们都和桌面平行,那么硬纸板和桌面平行吗?如图(2),c和d分别是三角尺相邻两边所在直线,它们都和桌面平行,那么三角尺与桌面平行吗?2.如果一个平面内有两条平行直线与另一个平面平行,这两个平面不一定平行。我们借助长方体模型来说明。如图,在平面A’ADD’内画一条与AA’平行的直线EF,显然AA’与EF都平行于平面DD’CC’,但这两条平行直线所在平面AA’DD’与平面DD’CC’相交。3.如果一个平面内有两条相交直线与另一个平面平行,这两个平面是平行的,如图,平面ABCD内两条相交直线A’C’,B’D’平行。
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