The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
4.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.[归纳]1.过去将来时的基本构成和用法过去将来时由“would+动词原形”构成,主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中),还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.She said that she wouldn't do that again.2.表示过去将来时的其他表达法(1)was/were going to+动词原形:该结构有两个主要用法,一是表示过去的打算,二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。I thought it was going to rain.(2)was/were to+动词原形:主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。She said she was to get married next month.(3)was/were about to+动词原形:表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作,由于本身已含有“即将”的意味,所以不再与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(4)was/were+现在分词:表示在过去看来即将发生的动作,通常可用于该结构中的动词是come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close,open,die,join,borrow,buy等瞬间动词。Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
一、人类遗传病1.概念2.分类(1)单基因遗传病(2)多基因遗传病(3)染色体异常遗传病①原因②类型3遗传病的特点4.遗传病对人类的危害八、说布置作业在作业的布置中,我严格遵循“重质量、轻负担”的指导思想。第一题主要是为了帮助学生及时纠正原有的对知识的错误理解或片面认识,培养学生的解题技巧和技能。所以我选用了该题。同时想借助该题培养学生对问题的科学的思维方法和探究的精神。帮助学生提高对信息技术运用的熟练程度,发展学生的信息素养。附作业:1、连线题,请同学们连线指出下列遗传各属于何种类型?(1)苯丙酮尿病 A、单基因遗传病(2)21三体综合征(3)抗维生素D佝偻病 B、多基因遗传病(4)软骨发育不全(5)青少年型糖尿病 C、常染色体病2、以生物小组为单位进行人类遗传病的调查。
在学生活动的基础上,教师总结归纳:要坚持从群众中来到群众中去的工作方法。要求:政府要通过各种途径,利用各种群众组织、社会团体广泛收集群众意见和建议,认真对待群众的来信来访。还要为群众诚心诚意办实事,尽心竭力解难事,坚持不懈。通过合作探究,以此来培养学生的分析能力,探究能力以及透过现象看本质的能力,培养学生获取信息的能力,自主学习的能力以及全面看问题的能力,再结合教师的讲授,给学生一种茅塞顿开的感觉。环节四 回归生活 提升情感我将引导学生阅读课本,通过设置活动探究课,结合生活实际从时效,便利,实效等方面请学生评述公民求助或投诉的四种方式的特点和优点。在这一过程中,我还会用多媒体展示常用的热线电话,政府网站上有关信访、政务公开及其他便民利民的栏目,丰富课堂资源。让学生阅读课本,自行归纳知识点,有助于培养学生自主学习能力。
3、清代的“闭关锁国”政策:(1)原因:①根本原因:自给自足的封建自然经济;②客观原因:西方殖民者向东方殖民扩张;③直接原因:对付东南沿海人民的抗清斗争(2)内容:严格限制对外贸易。但并不是禁绝海外贸易。康熙晚期,禁止商人前往南洋贸易;乾隆时只开广州一处通商,并设立政府特许的贸易机构广州“十三行”统一经营管理对外贸易。(3)后果:①闭关锁国政策妨碍了海外市场的开拓,抑制了资本的原始积累,从而阻碍了资本主义萌芽的发展。②闭关锁国政策隔绝了中国与外界的联系,从而阻断了中国学习西方的先进科学技术,阻碍了生产力发展,使中国落后于世界潮流。③“闭关锁国”政策在一定程度上也保护了国家的安全。教师可以设置问题:17-18世纪中国显露出哪些危机?
三、孟德尔遗传规律的现代解释①分离定律:在杂合体的细胞中,位于一对同源染色体上的等位基因,具有一定的独立性;在减数分裂形成配子的过程中,等位基因随同源染色体的分开而分离,独立地随配子遗传给后代。②自由组合定律:位于非同源染色体上的非等位基因的分离或组合是互不干扰的;在减数分裂过程中,同源染色体的等位基因彼此分离的同时,非同源染色体上的非等位基因自由组合。总结:再次强调孟德尔遗传定律的现代解释课堂练习:书本31页6、教学反思:本节课设置了一系列问题情境,层层设问,在学生答问、质疑、讨论过程中让学生建构新概念和新的知识体系,并通过教师及时掌握反馈信息,适时点拨、调节,让学生在推理判断中培养良好的思维习惯和对知识的迁移能力,而且通过留出一定的时间让学生提问,体现了以学生为主体的思想。
设问:DNA复制后两个子代DNA分子与亲代DNA分子是否完全相同?为什么?通过设问,让学生进一步理解和巩固DNA复制的全过程。接下来让学生总结出DNA复制的四大基本条件:① 模板:开始解旋的DNA分子的两条单链;② 原料:是游离在核液中的脱氧核苷酸;③ 能量:是通过水解ATP提供;④ 酶:酶是指一个酶系统,不仅仅是指一种解旋酶。最后通过以上分析,总结出DNA复制的意义以及在生活中的应用:意义:DNA通过复制,使遗传信息从亲代传给子代,从而保证了物种的相对稳定性,保持了遗传信息的连续性,使物种得以延续。应用:目前DNA分子广泛应用于刑事案件侦破等方面:如:DNA分子是亲子鉴定的主要证据之一。把案犯在现场留下的毛发、血等进行分析作为破案的证据,与DNA有关。五、设计课堂练习:设计一题典型课堂练习:即有关半保留复制及计算的习题:
3、遗传密码的特点 连续性、简并性、通用性5、课堂练习6、作业布置假如,我们利用(ACU)n核苷酸长链合成了含有苏氨酸的多肽,那么苏氨酸可能的密码子有哪些?如何运用实验方法确证苏氨酸的密码子究竟是什么?七、教学反思1、教材中丰富的科学史料,是我们在课堂上进行探究性学习活动的良好素材,教师要整理和运用好。千万不要低估学生的思维能力,当学生的思维能力被你想方设法激发出来的时候,你会发现他们的创造力是无穷的。2、探究性学习的目的并不仅仅是问题的解决,更重要的是在探究过程中体验和获取科学研究方法,培养合作与分享的精神以及实事求是的科学态度,锻炼思维能力,提高科学素养。3、学生是学习的主体,教师是引导者。我们要采取措施让学生积极主动地参与到学习活动中来,通过他们的思考、讨论、争辩、合作等活动来获取方法,建构知识。
四、说教学程序(一).温故知新、导入新课复习提问:基因突变导致生物变异的原因是什么?回答:基因突变是基因结构发生改变,从而使遗传信息改变,使蛋白质结构改变、生物性状改变,即生物发生了变异。那么,基因是什么?它和染色体又有何关系?回答:基因是有遗传效应的DNA片断,染色体是DNA的载体,基因在染色体上呈线形排列。引出新知:对于一个生物体来说,正常情况下,其染色体的结构和数量都是稳定的。但在自然条件或人为因素的影响下,染色体的结构和数量均会发生改变,从而导致生物性状的改变,这就属于染色体变异。(二).把握重点、突破难点重点的把握:1、染色体结构的变异播放影片:猫叫综合征幼儿。让学生观察: 患儿哭声轻、音调高,很像猫叫。教师补充: 患儿的征状---两眼较低、耳位低下,存在着严重的智力障碍。阐述病因---染色体片段缺失
环节三 案例分析 突破难点我将用多媒体展示两组反映中学生参与民主管理的一些作法的图片,和教材26-27页的三个镜头,然后请同学们根据图片和材料探究以下问题: 1. 联系自身实际谈谈这些做法对我们有何启示? 2.实行农村村民自治和城市居民自治有什么意义呢? 3. 我们在实际生活中应怎么做?这样,通过图片和材料的展示,点明了公民参与民主管理的意义,以此来诱发学生已有的真切体验,感受其境,增强学生共创想和文明社区的积极性和情感。同时,我们也希望学生在学习本课的知识后,又能做到学以致用,把所学的知识真正用到社区管理中,为所在社区管理提合理建议,从而真正实现了知识从生活中来,又回到生活中去的理念。环节四课堂小结 课后延伸将用多媒体展示本节课的知识框架,并注重引导学生将今天所学新知识与前面知识联系起来,帮助学生从宏观上把握各知识点之间的关系,有利于学生理解记忆,以此来帮助教师在第一时间掌握学生学习信息的反馈,同时培养学生归纳分析能力、概括能力。
环节三情景模拟 情感升华首先:1、本课开始观看的视频中:选出村长体现了村民参加选举的什么态度?生活中一些人“多我一票不多,少我一票不少,选举与我无关"的想法2、你如何看待上述两种不同态度?为什么?发表你的看法【教师这个过程中点拨、引导】如果我们都不珍惜自己的选举权,那么我们的国家将会出现什么后果?3、那么作为将来选民和被选举人,你们认为应具有那些政治素养才能适应?学生结合教材思考(1)(提示)不行使或不认真行使自己的选举权,意味着我们将不能选举出能为人民谋福利的当家人,意味着我们的国家将由重蹈旧中国的覆辙。(2)从态度上讲:公民应积极参加选举,认真行使这一权利,不断增强公民意识和主人翁意识,增强公民的参与感和责任感。(3)从能力上讲:要不断提高公民的政治参与能力(政治素质、文化素质、议政能力),在周全考虑、理性判断的基础上,郑重地投出自己的一票。
1.必须明确政治生活的作用 (政治生活与经济生活、文化生活是相辅相成的。政治生活直接影响到人民民主的实现程度,影响全体人民利益,也会影响我们的经济生活、文化生活。)2.需要学习政治知识 (5个有助于)3.需要参加政治实践活动。 (参加政治实践的途径;参加政治实践的意义)(通过情景问题,形成学生如何参与政治生活的方法;通过解决问题,培养学生解决问题的能力和发散思维的能力。)环节四 课堂小结 巩固知识本节课我采用线索性的板书,整个知识结构一目了然,为了充分发挥学生在课堂的主体地位,我将课堂小结交由学生完成,请学生根据课堂学习的内容,结合我的板书设计来进行小结,以此来帮助教师在第一时间掌握学生学习信息的反馈,同时培养学生归纳分析能力、概括能力。
解析:材料是讲学习型社会所产生的影响,A项观点错误,在当前和今后相当长的时间里,学校教育仍然是人们获得知识的最重要的途径。B项观点错误,终身学习只是成就人生目的的手段、途径,而不是目的本身。D项说法错误,当前我国社会的中心工作是经济建设。二、问答题5.材料一:日本是公认的漫画大国,日本的动漫产业产值每年230万亿日元,成为日本的第二大支柱产业。在日本,漫画比电影、小说有时甚至比电视或音乐更受欢迎。日本漫画的热潮还席卷了世界:日本每年出口到美国的卡通片价值就达5 000亿日元,是日本对美国钢铁出口金额的4倍;漫画中的人物被迅速复制成电子游戏、卡通片及真人演出的节目。原来只是闲暇时候消遣的漫画,正飞速渗透到人们的生活中。值得警惕的是,除了催人奋进的精华之外,日本漫画中也存在暴力、色情、扭曲历史等诸多糟粕,对缺乏辨别能力的青少年产生了许多不良影响,更引发了一系列深刻的社会问题。
师:分析得非常到位。大家来看看薛宝钗是怎么说的?薛宝钗的评论:“不像吟月了,月字底下放一个‘色’字倒还使得,你看句句倒是月色。这也罢了,原来诗从胡说来,再迟几天就好了。”生:(读第三首诗)“精华欲掩料应难,影自娟娟魄自寒。一片砧敲千里白,半轮鸡唱五更残。绿蓑江上秋闻笛,红袖楼头夜倚栏。博得嫦娥应借问,缘何不使永团圆!”这首诗语言很朴实,但意境很深远。我虽然读过《红楼梦》这本书,也看过电视剧,但我阅历太浅,说不出诗中所包含的深刻内涵。师:贾宝玉的评论:“这首不但好,而且新巧有意趣,可知俗语说的‘天下无难事,只怕有心人。2.意识的形式是主观的意识是人脑对客观存在的反映,意识是不是仅仅是人脑对客观存在原原本本的反映呢?“龙、凤”是中华民族的象征,是炎黄子孙的两大主要图腾,但地球上从来就没有出现过“龙、凤”,那么“龙、凤”的观念又是从何而来的呢?原来,“龙、凤”的观念最早产生于原始社会的图腾崇拜。、
1、课题引入:我设计以提问哲学到底是什么?的问题激发学生的阅读兴趣。我设计典型事例,通过学生讨论,教师总结的形式,并得出其实哲学就在我们身边。2、讲授新课:(35分钟)通过教材第一目的讲解,让学生明白,生活和学习中有许多蕴涵哲学道理的故事,表明哲学并不神秘总结并过渡:生活也离不开哲学,哲学可以是我正确看待自然、人生、和社会的发展,从而指导人们正确的认识和改造世界。整个过程将伴随着多媒体影像资料和生生对话讨论以提高学生的积极性。3、课堂反馈,知识迁移。最后对本科课进行小结,巩固重点难点,将本课的哲学知识迁移到与生活相关的例子,实现对知识的升华以及学生的再次创新;可使学生更深刻地理解重点和难点,为下一框学习做好准备。
(二)组织学生探究知识并形成新的知识。我从学生的生活体验入手,运用案例等形式创设情境呈现问题,使学生在自主探索、合作交流的过程中,发现问题、分析问题、解决问题,在问题的分析与解决中主动构建知识。主要通过几幅漫画让学生思考其中的哲学道理,开始接触哲学。漫画一:种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆,种鸡蛋得??漫画二:甲:下雨好极啦!乙:下雨糟透了!漫画三:——狂妄之徒,你竟然坏了祖上规矩!在引导学生思考、体验问题的过程中,可以使学生逐步学会分析、解决问题的方法。这样做既有利于发展学生的理解、分析、概括、想象等创新思维能力,又有利于学生表达、动手、协作等实践能力的提高,促进学生全面发展,力求实现教学过程与教学结果并重,知识与能力并重的目标。
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