审美鉴赏与创造——诗歌意象“诗是无声画”,诗要用形象说话。一般说来,诗歌写作是由“灵感—寻象—寻言”这三个阶段构成的。获得灵感,就是获得一种诗美体验;获得诗美体验之后,就要将诗美体验转化为诗歌意象。诗歌意象创作要注意以下几个方面:1.象征手法的运用。象征多用具体生动的形象来暗示某种生活、情绪和哲理,可以将抽象的事物变得具体可感。2.要善于将抽象的感情形象化。诗歌创作中,或是即事抒情,或是融情于景,或是托物言志,要尽力将情感形象化,避免单纯地抒情。3.意象的组合。意象组合是用一个接一个的意象,按照一定的美学原则把它组合起来,形成一幅幅跳跃的画面,使它们产生对比、衬托、联想、暗示等作用,让读者通过一系列的意象组合去揣摩和领悟作者的意图。
正如朱敏先生所说的那样,他之所以能打败那些强大的对手是因为自己的一股韧劲。自强的心鞭策我们勇往直前,失败算什么,困难算什么,自强者永不止步。生命可以大写,也可以小写,还可以简写。小写的生命是灵魂上的侏儒,简写的生命是灵魂上的庸碌者,唯有自强者是天地间用正气、智慧写出的一个气宇轩昂的大写的人。独立是它的一撇,拼搏是它的一捺,两者缺少其一,都不能称之为一个完整意义上的“人”。自强是生命之杯中的琼浆玉液,他让每一个举杯者赢得了鲜花和掌声,收获了成功和喜悦,体味到了人生的真实与厚重!在我们的人生旅程中,每个人或多或少会遇到这样那样的挫折。也许是一次考试的失利,也许是一场突如其来的意外,没有谁能够保证他的一生总是平平安安、一帆风顺。面对挫折我们不应该失意、彷徨,因自己陷入人生灰色的圈子而倍感焦虑、难以自拔。我们要学会自强,因为只有学会自强,我们才敢正视所有问题;只有学会自强,才会有勇气去战胜一道道难题。
课堂上把重点放在了让学生在读的过程中体会出槐乡孩子的懂事、吃苦耐劳和以苦为乐的特点,因为是略读课文,所以我就只提了一个问题,槐乡的孩子与我们有什么不同呢?让学生通过各种方式的读说自己读了课文后的的体会。学生在回答时,大都抓住了“勤劳的槐乡孩子是不向爸爸妈妈伸手要钱的,他们上学的钱是用槐米换来的.”及槐乡孩子的勤劳,对此学生感受最深,槐乡孩子以苦为乐的精神,是靠我点出来了,当时有部分学生说第三段写的槐乡孩子干活时的样子写得很好,当时天很热他们还在干活.我就趁机引导学生朗读体会当时天气的热,又读一读描写干活时的句子,学生体会到孩子们劳动时是很快乐的。学生已经能够通过读文理解文中的内涵,但总结的能力不行,大都是只看到点,看不到面。反思本节课,虽然课文都是由学生具体读,但都是我直接参与指导方法等,是我一步步引着走的,属于半放半扶。下次的略读课我打算完全放手,由各学习小组的组长和学生一起学习。
首先我们进入到真正的鸟的天堂,也就是你们的天堂去看一下: 1.出示课件(12-13自然段的内容) 2.自由读这一部分,这一部分写出了“鸟的天堂”什么特点?(活泼可爱、鸟多)你是从哪些地方感悟到的?(自由发言) 3.当学生读到“应接不暇”一词时,问:这个词是什么意思呢?出示课件“群鸟纷飞”图帮助理解。 4.这一段主要应读出它的什么特点来呢?(热闹)对,这就是它的动态美,这一段主要写出了鸟的天堂的动态,让我们一起来读出它的动态美。(引导读“有的…有的…有的…”和“一只画眉鸟…那歌声真好听…”读出鸟的可爱;引导读“到处都是鸟声,到处都是鸟影”和“眼睛应接不暇…”读出鸟的多。) 5. 学生读完后问:这一只小鸟在兴奋地叫着,它可能在说什么呢?(可能在说,我在这里真快活。)假如你就是这只小鸟,你为什么会喜欢这个地方呢?让我们将自己的视角往小鸟生活的环境──大榕树身上聚集。
深入读议,体会“我”受鼓舞爬上峰顶 1、在爬山之前,望着又高又陡的天都峰,“我”心里是怎么想的?默读课文,圈点勾画,想想从哪些词语、句子中看出“我”有害怕畏惧的心理。 指名交流,出示并指导读好问句“我爬得上去吗?”、感叹句“真叫人发颤!”以及语气词“啊”“哩”等,读中体会“我”缺乏自信、畏惧退缩的心理。 2、结果“我”爬上峰顶了吗?自由读课文的第8至10自然段,出示“我”说的话,指名朗读。 3、“我”看到了什么从而下定决心爬上峰顶呢?自由读课文第3到7自然段,想想我的心理发生了怎样的变化。 a. 出示第4段重点句,引导学生深入讨论交流,从中感受到“我”受老爷爷爬山鼓励而下定决心爬上峰顶的内心活动。 b. 体会“我”的心理,指导朗读3、4自然段。 4、“我”是怎么爬的?自由读6、7自然段,画出描写爬山动作的词语。 a. 学生读书圈划。 b.学生交流。引导学生联系上下文,体会“奋力”是拼尽全身力气的意思。 从“攀着铁链”、“手脚并用向上爬”可以看出爬山的艰难。 c.引读第7段,从“终于”二字上体会爬得辛苦、上山后的喜悦。 d. 体会爬山的艰难、上山后的喜悦,指导朗读6、7两段。
请同学们看实物。 1.你看到了什么? 2.有什么特点? 3.你能用一两句话把这些特点连起来说说吗? 4.叶圣陶爷爷笔下的爬山虎的叶子怎样呢?自由朗读第二自然段。 5.读了有什么感受?(美)哪些地方写的美?你喜欢哪句? 6.自己感受一下风吹时爬山虎叶子的美。做一做拂过、漾起的动作,你能读好这句话吗?想欣赏一下风吹爬山虎的样子吗? 7.老师指导读出美来。可以采取老师读前半句,学生补充后半句的读法,也可以男女生分组读,让学生充分感受爬山虎叶子的美。 8.作者为什么把叶子写的这么美呢?(认真观察)所以我们要学习作者认真仔细地观察事物的方法,养成良好的观察习惯。 爬山虎的叶子之所以生机勃勃地铺满墙,这跟它的脚有密切的联系,爬山虎的脚又是什么样的呢?
课件出示:少年时指青年时期,从辛弃疾的生平看,这时的他正处于金人统治区内,看到沦陷区的人们在异族的奴役之下,作为血气方刚的爱国青年,油然而生收复失地的报国之志。因而这时的愁情也是真实存在的,那就是对沦陷区人民的同情,对国土沦丧的耻辱感,这时的愁,更多的是一种渴望收复中原、建立不世功业的志愿和动力,是昂扬而充满激情的。2.深入思考,体会“愁”的含蓄之美(1)比较少年时登楼与而今登楼的目的有何不同?预设:少年时登楼,是为了登高望远,抒发自己的豪情壮志。而今登楼,是为了排遣内心的悲愤之情。(2)是什么原因使词人“欲说还休”?预设:统治者处处排挤、打击他,他处处受猜忌,所以有愁不敢说。更主要的原因是,一生抱负付之流水,鬓发苍苍,功业无成,而又没有知音,无人理解。这种孤独的愁情,跟谁诉说,说了又有什么用,这中间也包含着对南宋朝廷的无限失望。因为这种失望,所以辛弃疾“欲说还休”。
二、初读,解读“早行”,感受意象的丰富1.寻读意象课件出示:诗人围绕“早行”一词,写了哪些典型特征的细节、景物?如何体现“早行”?学生自由诵读、思考交流。教师点拨:颔联十种景物的十个名词——鸡、声、茅、店、月、人、迹、板、桥、霜。一词一景,让我们获得广阔的想象空间,组成意韵丰富的画面。这就是古典诗歌的“意象叠加”法。预设:诗歌中处处体现“早行”,如“晨起动征铎”(清晨起床,车马铃声叮叮当当),“鸡声茅店月”(鸡鸣早看天),“人迹板桥霜”(莫道君行早,更有早行人),“枳花明驿墙”(“明”反衬“天暗”,说明“早”)。2.延读意象叠加的诗句课件出示:(1)枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马。(马致远《天净沙·秋思》)(2)楼船夜雪瓜洲渡,铁马秋风大散关。(陆游《书愤》)(3)细草微风岸,危樯独夜舟。(杜甫《旅夜抒怀》)(4)桃李春风一杯酒,江湖夜雨十年灯。(黄庭坚《寄黄几复》)
所需要用到的句子:Who is that?That is Jack. I like him.Why do you like him?I like him because he is interesting.Task 4: 设计理想中的人类Step one: 设计理想中的人类的外貌。把全班同学分成若干小组,学生可以边说边在纸上画出他们的模样。Step two: 设计理想中人类的性格。学生们可以把那些能描述性格的单词写在图画的旁边。Step three: 每组选出一名同学,其他同组同学提问,他作简单回答,并说明原因。所需用到的句子:What does he or she look like?He or she ...What is he or she like?He or she is ...Why?Because ...Task 5: 挑战性活动调查性格是天生的还是后天形成的,让每个同学回家去调查一下自己成长过程中性格是否有变化,具体是怎样的,为什么会这样? Teaching Aims:1. Enable students to have a general understanding of how to talk about people's physical appearance.2. Enable students to tackle some essential vocabularies and patterns about describing people. Provide them with necessary skills and methods.3. Create various chances for students to describe the persons they're familiar with, such as classmates, family members, teachers, idols, etc.
Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教学步骤、时间 教师活动 学生活动 媒体应用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.让同学们回答下列问题1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此时教师用汉语问:“在周末期间问你干了什么?这句话用英语这么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板书、学习)
Period 2 (3a----Section B 2c)Preview(Pre-task): Key points: What laAdd another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardnguage does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Preview(Pre-task): Add another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardKey points: What language does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Step 1 Revision1.Revisionand dictation of the new words 2.Revise the drills they learned yesterday.(by pairwork and grammar exercise)Step 2 Leading-inT has a conversation with one student. The conversation is following:---Do you have a pen pal?---Yes, I do.---What's your pen pal's name? ---His/Her name is....---Where is your pen pal from? ---He/She is from...---Where does he/she live? ---He/She lives in....---What language does he/she speak?He/She speaks...Write the new words on the Bb. They are following: EnglishChineseJapaneseFrenchStep 3 LearnLearn the new words with the whole class.Finish 3a with the students3b Pairwork T still does an example with one student Then the Ss practise in pairs. The example is following:--Curry Muray is my pen pal. He is from the United States.---What language does he speak?
教学过程Step 1: warming-up Sing a song---------“food and drink” Step 2: Revision1 Dictation2 Revise: What kind of noodles would you like?I’d like …What size bowl of noodles would you like?I’d like…Step 3: Presentation1 show pictures of food, ask students say the words.2 Students read the newspaper ad in 3a. Fill in blanks with words in the box. Then read the ad together, the teacher explains some difficult language points.3 Check the answers Step 4 PracticeAsk students to finish 3b in the same way according to 3a. Students read the short passage and fill in the blanks .At last, check the answers.Step 5 productionAsk students to write their own ad for dumplings, noodles, drinks, and other foods they know. Then ask students to read their partner’s ad. Then order food and drink from their partner.Step 6 Home workGroup work – make an ad about “food and drink”
三、教学建议第一课时:1. Lead in (Vocabulary)A) Before class, teacher should collect some pictures of working places. For example: Bank, TV Station, Restaurant, Police Station, Hospital ...B) In class, show students the pictures (PowerPoint, OHP). Ask students to tell the name of the working places and the name of the jobs.Shop assistant, doctor, actor, reporter, police office, waiter, bank clerk, studentC) Do exercise 1a and 3a.2. Bingo GameAsk groups of students to make up pairs of cards with a job on one and the related workplace on the other. For example, waiter / restaurant, teacher / school, doctor / hospital. Encourage students to use both the job / workplace combinations in the book and the ones that students came up during class discussions. Be sure they have twice as many sets of cards as there are students in the group. They can make two sets of cards for a single job / workplace, if necessary. Then have each group mix up its set of cards and hand their cards out in random order. Each time a student gets a pair of cards that match, he or she can lay these cards down. The goal is to have no cards in your hand at the end.3. Task OneA) Ask students to work in pairs and ask the partner what does he / she want to be in the future.e. g. :What do you / does he / does she want to be?I want to be a.Why?Because it's (adj).B) Vocabulary: Section B, 1a4. Homework 1.2.
1 Each group choose one place to describe and what you are doing in it Choose one place, and describe what they are doing 2 Move around the room and give suggestions Talk about it and write it down 3 Ask one to show their works and act it Choose one of each group to make a report 4 Evaluate the best group and the best reporter Choose the best one Homework Ask your friends their ideal place and write about it教学反思:新课程标准中强调学生在课堂中的主体地位,在综合课中他们的主体地位就更加突出。在各个活动中给不同程度的学生不同层次的任务,让各层面的学生都有表现发挥的机会,从而产生对英语的兴趣。使用照片图片多媒体来辅助教学,效果更好。同时让了解其他国家风景,风俗的同学介绍ideal place,增加学生的背景知知识,实现跨学科交流的目的。教案点评:采用任务型教学模式,在各个活动中给不同程度的学生不同层次的任务,让各层面的学生都有表现发挥的机会,从而产生对英语的兴趣。使用照片图片多媒体来辅助教学,效果更好。让了解其他国家风景,风俗的同学介绍ideal place,增加学生的背景知识,实现跨学科交流的目的。
五、教学Section B-2c1. Pair work: What do you think of the belt/sunglasses/…? What does your father/mother/… think of your scarf/belt…?2. Group work(1). Teacher shows some different kinds of school uniforms (制服)and asks : “ What do you think of your school uniforms? If you have a chance to choose your school uniforms, what kind would you like to choose?”(2). Discuss in groups.(3).Get some Ss to report in class.说明:这一步旨在让学生运用已有的语言知识谈论对事物的看法和意见,并简单阐明理由,培养学生的主动思维能力和运用英语的能力。六、教学拓展调查电视节目的收视率任务:调查你周围的人对现在各种电视节目的反响。活动过程:1.教师布置任务,让学生调查周围的人(包括他的亲戚朋友和邻居)喜欢收看哪方面的电视节目。2.学生进行调查活动,运用本单元所学的句型What do you think of….? (Why?)What's your favorite game shows?What do you think of talk show?I doesn’t mind it.I like it.I love it.I can’t stand it.3.记录下排在前10位的TV Program,填写调查表,比较其收视率。
句型: Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.Did she go to Central Park?Yes,she did.No, she didn’t语法:一般过去时特殊疑问句、一般疑问句及肯、否定回答。课时安排4课时第一课时:Section A:la,1b,lc,2a,2b,2c 第二课时:Section A:3a,3b,4第三课时:Section B:1,2a,2b,2c第四课时:Section B:3a,3b,3c,4 and Self Check第一课时教学目标掌握描写假期生活的形容词。假期里自己所做事情的简单表达。谈论假期做的事情及当时情况。谈论假期时旅游的天气,旅游者以及食物等。教学过程一、导入播放一首英文歌曲:Let’s travel 说明:通过让学生听节奏欢快迪斯尼英语歌曲Let’s travel.引入本节课谈论的话题vacation and travel. 让歌曲使学生的思维活跃,增强课堂气氛,激发学生提高学习英语的兴趣。T:How is the trip ?Ss : It’s pretty good/ happy/exciting /relaxing/busy/dangerous/ fantastic说明:这个问题是为了操练形容词。建议让多个Ss作答。鼓励他们用不同的形容词。上述个别形容词本应在第二课时中出现,但可以在warming-up中第一次非正式出现。这些形容词也可在老师的评价语中适时出现,以加深学生对词汇的印象。
Don’t fight. =You can’t fight. (板书,教读)教师把这些句子板书在黑板上,并请学生大声整齐地读祈使句和“can’t”句型,并让学生注意两种句型表达形式的不同和转换,“Don’t …=You can’t…”;并对学生说:These are our school rules. (板书,教读) You can’t break the school rules. Don’t break the school rules.(板书,教读)步骤3 :Practicea. T: Now, each of the students is breaking one of these rules.Please finish 1a.学生看图,完成1a的内容,检查答案并大声朗读校规。b. 听录音,完成1b,选出四位学生都违反了哪条校规;听之前,学生要读会英文名。c. 请两位学生朗读1c部分的句型;要求学生两人一组对话表演,SA扮演外校转来新生,SB告知本校校规。(学生可经过讨论,多说出他们想到的校规,不必只限于书上;教师应给予帮助)2) 第二课时(2a~4)步骤1 :warming up of revisionT: What are the rules at your school?学生使用“can”或祈使句表达各条校规;其中老师可引出“eat in the cafeteria outside”的表达。步骤2 :Practicea.T: Christina is an exchange student. She doesn’t know the rules. Let’s listen, what activities they’re talking about?学生听第一遍时,完成2a;第二遍时,完成2b;b. 请学生领读2c部分,看着2a完成的表格,理解2c活动的要求;分成小组针对2a进行问答;
2.1Match the country with the language.Step II Reading3a? let the students read the letter fast and answer the questions.? Let the students ask more questions about the letter as possible as the can.Step III Writing3b.Step IV. Pairwork2cStep V Listening2a, 2bStep V. HomeworkExercises book(1) P3Exercises book (2) P3Period FourStep I . Dictate the words and sentences in Unit1.Step II. Self-checkStep III. Check the answers for Exercises book in the unit.Step IV. Home workRevise and preparation for unit 2.教学反思:通过本单元的学习,学生基本可以谈论人们的国籍,居住城市及其所说的语言,通过书信方式去介绍自己并寻找笔友。但在涉及到国外的一些城市时,学生对这方面的知识相对欠缺,能介绍的城市并不多,也反应出学生课前预习不充分,这跟学生学习条件也有关,大多数学生无法通过网络获取所需信息。因此,在以后的教学中要多指导学生通过计算机网络获取信息,拓宽知识面。
单元整体说明(一)单元教材分析本单元的核心话题是描述动物和表达个人喜好,以及句式why do you like…? Because…。这也是本单元的教学重点。通过本单元的学习,学生应能较流利地运用所学词汇和句型描述动物,表达个人喜好。(二)单元知识结构1.词汇动物名称 tiger, elephant, koala, dolphin, etc.词汇描述性形容词: smart, cute, ugly, clever, shy, etc.国家名: Australia, South Africa2.句型Why do you like koala hears? Because they are cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(三)单元整体目标1.Master the vocabulary2.Master and use: Why do you like koalas? Because they am cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(四)单元教学重难点一览(五)单元学情分析学生此前已经学过由why, where, what 引导的特殊疑问句句型,具有了学习本单元知识的认知前提。形形色色的动物能激发学生的好奇心,产生了解它们的欲望,这有利于本单元知识的教学和学生学习兴趣的培养。
教材分析:《枫树上的喜鹊》是一篇童话故事,这篇课文叙述的线条简洁、明快,情节简单、干净,语调较为活泼,符合儿童的心理特点和阅读接受能力。但是这篇童话又与众不同的地方在于,一般的童话大都采用第三人称叙述,讲述者是置身事外的。而这篇童话采用的是第三人称和第一人称穿插叙述的方式,把一个带着童真、童趣的眼睛去看待周围事物的孩童展现在我们的面前。这个童话故事告诉我们:童话就在我们身边,人人都可以创造童话。 学情分析:二年级的学生,已经对童话故事有浓厚的兴趣,好奇心强,但缺乏一定的鉴别能力。大多数学生活泼、好动、大胆且独立,他们已经掌握了识字的方法,喜欢读书,但语言的表达能力、逻辑思维能力欠佳,有意注意的时间还比较短。
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