The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
当孩子们由父母陪同时,他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3.过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时,相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看,整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟,我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动,她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来,但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时,可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟着两个学生,老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2.动词ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动词ing②名词所有格+动词ing③代词宾格+动词ing④名词+动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我没能按时来。His father's being ill made him worried.他父亲病了,他很担心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
幂函数是在继一次函数、反比例函数、二次函数之后,又学习了单调性、最值、奇偶性的基础上,借助实例,总结出幂函数的概念,再借助图像研究幂函数的性质.课程目标1、理解幂函数的概念,会画幂函数y=x,y=x2,y=x3,y=x-1,y=x 的图象;2、结合这几个幂函数的图象,理解幂函数图象的变化情况和性质;3、通过观察、总结幂函数的性质,培养学生概括抽象和识图能力.数学学科素养1.数学抽象:用数学语言表示函数幂函数;2.逻辑推理:常见幂函数的性质;3.数学运算:利用幂函数的概念求参数;4.数据分析:比较幂函数大小;5.数学建模:在具体问题情境中,运用数形结合思想,利用幂函数性质、图像特点解决实际问题。重点:常见幂函数的概念、图象和性质;难点:幂函数的单调性及比较两个幂值的大小.
古镇总有那么一股特殊魅力,时光在这里就这么一步一隐退,千年时光,依旧岁月静好。恩阳古镇,坐落于川东北地区的革命老区巴中市恩阳区,东临巴中市区。有28条古街,数百座明清古建筑。走在李先念、徐向前等老一辈无产阶段革命家们同样踏过足迹的古镇道路上,看着那一句句振奋人心的石刻标语和一处处红四方面军各个职能部门的遗址。我仿佛穿越回到了那个激情与信仰纯粹的年代,物质条件虽然很艰苦,但是因为共同的信仰,为了共同的目标,大家众志成城,艰苦奋斗。这也许就是红色教育的关键意义所在,那种历史的精神在古迹中能跨越时空的限制传递到现在的人身上。看着银行、法庭、学校、等各个地方,我知道无论战争与和平年代,制度的健全是至关重要的,依法治国是国家强大富强的保证。
5、 你能结合刚才的活动说一说你的感受吗?6、 看来物体所占空间还有大小之分,那你能判断出手机、收音机哪个物体所占的空间大?哪个物体所占的空间小吗?7、 象石块、手机、书包等这些都是它们的体积,谁能根据你的理解说一说什么是物体的体积?[小学生的思维以形象思维为主,随着年龄的增长逐步向抽象思维过渡。根据这一特点,我在学生感知“空间”的基础上,通过三次摸一摸的活动,引导学生进行操作、观察,思考,使操作、观察与思维、语言表达紧密结合起来,然后再逐步摆脱直观形象,利用表象逐步抽象形成概念,由感性认识上升到理性认识。](三) 尝试、解决问题在新一轮课改中,《标准》所提倡的数学课堂教学应“由单纯的传授知识的殿堂转变为学生主动从事数学活动的场所;学生从单纯的知识接受者转变为数学学习的主人。”
活动三:认识正方体的特征,总结长方体、正方体的关系(1)学生用类比法学习正方体的特征,并揭示出长方体和正方体的内在联系,得出:正方体是特殊的长方体。(2)说说生活中哪些物体是长方体、正方体? 开放的学习方式,以学生的自主学习为中心,让学生通过自身的发展尝试总结,验证,实现知识的“再创造”。比较是认识事物的主要方法之一,特别在几何体教学中,运用比较方法,加强形体间的联系和区别,提高识别能力。同时渗透事物普遍联系和发展变化的辩证唯物主义观。联系生活,体现数学来源于生活,又应用于生活的特点。活动四:学以致用智慧屋,包含判断题、计算题等多种题型的练习,培养学生展开多向思维,是学生能够从不同角度解决问题的基础。这样的练习题,侧重于知识点的落实,巩固新知。
第三个规律,商不变的规律。这是本课的重点内容。有了两次的探究经验,这一规律的学习与理解,可以完全放手让学生自主进行。猜想如果商不变,被除数、除数会发生什么变化呢?学生根据已有的经验,可能会有不同猜想,我要求学生带着问题通过计算、观察、比较、主动探讨总结出:被除数和除数同时扩大(或缩小)相同的倍数(0除外)商不变。利用合作学习,通过动脑动口动手,既提高学生解决问题的学习能力,又培养了合作学习的意识和习惯。给学生提供展示研究成果的机会,体验成功。需要教师提醒的是“有没有被除数和除数同时乘或除以不相同的数,商也不变的?”学生举反例加以说明并指出“相同的倍数不包括0”。设计这个环节,也有意让学生去验证商不变性质。学生在表述时,对于逻辑的严密性和语言的完整性需要老师及时指导,在突出重点的同时培养学生的语言表达能力。整个环节在验证的基础上,步步深化商的变化规律,为学生应用新知做好铺垫。
三、总结规律、形成概念通过学生积极讨论,充分调动了学生的积极参与学习,既发挥了学生学习的主动性,又培养了学生的发散性思维,引导学生总结出:有的分数可以化成有限小数,有的分数不可以化成有限小数,请同学们再看一看什么样的分数可以化成有限小数?什么样的分数不可以化成有限小数?启发学生从分母的最小公倍数着手。 最后总结出:一个最简分数,如果分母中只含有素因数2和5,再无其它素因数,那么这个分数就可以化成有限小数,否则就不能化成有限小数。 例题2,请把下列小数化成分数,说说你是怎样把小数化成分数的? 0.06,0.4,1.8,2.45,1.465, 归纳:(学生为主,教师点拨)1、原来有几位小数,就在1后面写几个零作分母。原来的小数去掉小数点作分子。2、小数化成分数后,能约分的要约分。常用的因数是2和5。 对于小数如何化成分数的题目,课前了解到学生在小学时已学过把小数如何化成分数的方法,因而以学生练习为主,加以操练并巩固,有错误的及时纠正。
3、在学生已有了乘法口诀的数学模式后,引导学生运用已有经验,亲自参与其它乘法口诀的学习,充分发挥学生的主体作用,发展学生的思维。4、多采用提问让学生思考的方法,让学生在操作过程中想老师提出的问题,培养学生的抽象概括能力。如:在摆了两根小棒后问学生:现在摆了几根小棒?可以用几表示?摆了几个2根?用乘法算式应怎样表示等。5、运用磁性黑板摆实物,让学生能够通过观察实物直观感知,如:问2个2是多少?学生实在不能想的可以通过看图数数来完成,这样便可以照顾学习有困难的学生。学生已经对乘法的含义有了初步的理解,掌握口诀就比较容易;但是,要熟记乘法口诀并准确的运用还需花较大的精力和时间,因此,要引导学生学会由加法到乘法,再到口诀的归纳法,由易到难,循序渐进的方法。如:2个2,可以用加法22=4,再到写乘法算式2×2=4,再归纳出口诀“二二得四”;先引导学生说出1个2是多少?编出口诀,再引导说出2个2是多少,编出口诀等等。
二、在教育教学上,敬业爱岗,严谨治教 把学生教好,让学生成功,是每位教师最大的心愿、最高的荣誉。作为一名校本课程教师,最紧迫的问题是具有新的教学理念,刻苦钻研如何把花木文化与校本课程到达有机的融合,从而显现出我校的校本特色。在备课中,力图体现校本课程的综合性、开放性、实践性、体验性,把语文、数学、科学、美术课、音乐等整合进校本课程,围绕“花木文化提高学生的综合素质”这教学目标,有的课堂让学生观察写话,品析优美的文章,有的课堂让学生想象绘画,有的课堂让学生歌唱,欣赏名曲。在低年级尝试让学生经过观察、调查等开展探究性学习。此刻对于课程改革环境下的教师,光有一桶水是不够的,要根据学校与地方的实际,拓展学生学习资源。我注重研究现代教育技术在课堂教学中的应用,经过把本地的花木文化资源与网络资源相结合,进行教学资源的重组,尽量使课堂教学效果优化。所以孩子们还是比较喜欢上校本课的。
教学目标:(1)知识目标:1.能够听、说、认读句子:Let's read, Let's make ,listen,write,match and say 中的句子。2.能够听懂 Listen and write 部分的录音并正确填写句子。(2)能力目标:通过教学,使学生能够了解英语请柬的内容并会模仿书写英语请柬。(3)情感目标:培养师生之间和同学之间的友谊与情感,积极鼓励学生展现才能。三、说教学重点:1.能够听、说、认读句子:"We're going to have a farewell party . How do you feel? I feel …."四、说教学难点:Is every having a good time?五、说教法:1. 教法设计本节课中,在教学过程中注意发挥学生的主动积极性,给学生一个轻松愉快的语言学习氛围,让学习过程充满乐趣,同时使他们感受到一定的挑战,满足他们的成就感,使思维始终处于积极状态。2. 学法指导重视多元智能教学原理、合作学习法和任务型语言学习法等应用,充分调动学生的感觉器官,想象能力,激发学生积极参与课堂教学活动。
4、认识长方体的立体图。师:(出示课件长方体)你最多能看到这个长方体的几个面?你看到了哪三个面?哪三个面看不到?(上面、前面、右面)师:我们把所看到的这个长方体根据透视原理画下来就是这样的。(媒体演示) 这就是长方体的立体图形。师:大家会认了吗?试一试。师小结:以后,我们要判断一个物体是不是长方体,要根据长方体的特征去分析。5、画长方体师:同学们都学得非常认真知道了长方体的特征,那么大家会画长方体吗?画长方体步骤:1、画一个平行四边形。2、画出长方体的高。3、连线。6、 教学长方体的长、宽、高。 (1)、师:同学们刚画出了长方体,那么长方体的长、宽、高有什么特点?师课件展示后,学生汇报。(2)、大家想不想亲手制作一个长方体的框架呢?把你思考的结果和大家分享分享。生汇报。
首先,学生带着如下三个问题自学课文,(电脑出示):(1)用什么方法可以得到计算圆锥体积的公式?(2)圆柱和圆锥等底等高是什么意思?(3)得出了什么结论?圆锥体积的计算公式是什么?其次,学生操作实验,先让学生比较圆柱和圆锥是等底等高。再让学生做在圆锥中装满沙土往等底等高的圆柱中倒和在圆柱中装满沙土往等底等高的圆锥中倒的实验,得出倒三次正好倒满。使学生理解等底等高的圆柱和圆锥,圆锥的体积是圆柱体积的,圆柱的体积是圆锥的3倍。第三、小组讨论,全班交流,归纳,推导出圆锥体积的计算公式:V= Sh。第四、让学生做在小圆锥里装满沙土往大圆柱中倒的实验,得出倒三次不能倒满。再次强调,只有等底等高的圆柱和圆锥才存在着一定的倍数关系。第五、师生小结:圆锥的体积等于和它等底等高的圆柱体积的三分之一。
(二)师生互动,验证猜想活动二:学生自由探索,圆柱体积计算方法以小组为单位设计出一种自己学过的知识计算圆柱体积的方法,通过合作,学生想到的办法可能有:①把橡皮泥捏成圆柱体,再捏成长方体,量出长方体的长、宽、高。算出长方体的体积,也就是圆柱的体积。②把圆柱形的杯子装满沙子,铺平,然后把沙子倒入较大的长方体的盒子中,量出长方体盒子的长、宽及沙子的高,算出沙子的体积,也就是圆柱的体积。如果杯子的厚度忽略不计的话。杯子的容积就是杯子的体积。③把一个圆柱体放到装有(正)长方体容器中,水会上升,上升的水的体积就是圆柱的体积。(这一活动的设计,是通过观察力求让学生体验到我们在计算圆柱的体积时都是把圆柱的体积转化为其他形体的体积来进行计算的。由此,也就可以验证学生的猜想是否准确,但是为了不影响学生的求知欲,我设计了这样一个问题:你能用这些方法来计算我们的学校门口这根圆柱形柱子的体积吗?
问题1. 用一个大写的英文字母或一个阿拉伯数字给教室里的一个座位编号,总共能编出多少种不同的号码?因为英文字母共有26个,阿拉伯数字共有10个,所以总共可以编出26+10=36种不同的号码.问题2.你能说说这个问题的特征吗?上述计数过程的基本环节是:(1)确定分类标准,根据问题条件分为字母号码和数字号码两类;(2)分别计算各类号码的个数;(3)各类号码的个数相加,得出所有号码的个数.你能举出一些生活中类似的例子吗?一般地,有如下分类加法计数原理:完成一件事,有两类办法. 在第1类办法中有m种不同的方法,在第2类方法中有n种不同的方法,则完成这件事共有:N= m+n种不同的方法.二、典例解析例1.在填写高考志愿时,一名高中毕业生了解到,A,B两所大学各有一些自己感兴趣的强项专业,如表,
《函数的单调性与最大(小)值》是高中数学新教材第一册第三章第2节的内容。在此之前,学生已学习了函数的概念、定义域、值域及表示法,这为过渡到本节的学习起着铺垫作用。学生在初中已经学习了一次函数、二次函数、反比例函数的图象,在此基础上学生对增减性有一个初步的感性认识,所以本节课是学生数学思想的一次重要提高。函数单调性是函数概念的延续和拓展,又是后续研究指数函数、对数函数等内容的基础,对进一步研究闭区间上的连续函数最大值和最小值的求法和实际应用,对解决各种数学问题有着广泛作用。课程目标1、理解增函数、减函数 的概念及函数单调性的定义;2、会根据单调定义证明函数单调性;3、理解函数的最大(小)值及其几何意义;4、学会运用函数图象理解和研究函数的性质.数学学科素养
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