(7)精讲即精讲点拨,释疑解难。现代教育理论一方面强调学生学习的主动性;另一方面也重视发挥教师的积极性。课堂活动的主动性、合理性、有效性的实现还有赖于教师的讲。精讲就要求教师的讲授内容精要,分析精辟,语言精彩、节奏精练、点拨精当。从内容上看,本节课精讲主要有三处:一、运动的含义;二、运动是物质的根本属性;三、静止是运动的特殊状态。2、教学手段多媒体辅助教学。六、教学过程第一步:创设情景,用“谜语”导入新课。使学生置身于教学内容的情景之中,产生继续探究的强烈愿望。第二步:运用直观、形象的画面将教学目标问题,唤起学生参与欲望,驱使学生去思考,去自读。第三步:引导学生相互讨论,实现学生之间的横向交流。第四步:教师依据反馈信息,给予重点讲授、提示点拨、搭桥铺路。第五步:设置故事型的模拟法庭,开展讨论,在高潮中结束新课。第六步:总结概括,深化知识,形成网络。
5.课堂练习,夯实基础。得出原理方法论之后,给学生一分钟时间记忆,然后一名或几名学生上讲台默写,其他同学相互提问。针对这一基本概念,设置一道选择题。6、播放黄宏、宋丹丹小品《回家》片段,引发学生的兴趣,接着教师展示几幅关于手机的图片,然后让学生结合图片,进行讨论交流解决“合作探究二”,然后进行抢答(可以引发学生的竞争,从而调动课堂气氛)。教师在学生回答基础上,引导学生得出发展的实质这一结论,接着教师展示“如何判断一个事物是新事物还是旧事物的标准”,结合这一标准,让学生判断“电脑科技算命是不是新事物”,学生很容易就可以得出结论。7.教师简单总结刚刚学过的内容,引出“运动、变化是不是发展?”然后让学生讨论交流“合作探究三”。然后进行抢答,教师在学生回答基础上,稍加点评,给予积极地评价,然后展示答案。8.教师引导学生得出本节课的第二个原理与方法论,并让学生当堂记忆,可以简单提问。然后做课堂达标题,在学生展示答案后,教师简单点拨即可。
学生回答:推动社会发展的矛盾是:生产力和生产关系的矛盾,经济基础和上层建筑的矛盾。问题:你知道人类社会存在和发展的基础吗?学生回答,步步深入。社会发展的规律是生产关系一定要适合生产力发展的规律,上层建筑一定要适合经济基础状况的规律。你是如何理解这两个规律的?请举例说明。那么你是如何理解这一规律的,请举例说明学生阅读教材第二目,并举例说明。培养学生自我学习能力。教师归纳:总结生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑的辩证关系原理。过渡:我们掌握了社会发展的规律,那么同学们来说一下,社会发展呈什么趋势?这一趋势怎么实现的?社会矛盾的解决方式有几种,为什么会有这么的区别,我们国家的矛盾解决靠什么方式来完成?学生阅读教材第三目,学生分组合作探究,交流发言。设计意图:提升推导能力,引导深化认识。教师归纳总结:社会历史发展的总趋势是前进的、上升的,发展的过程是曲折的。
教师活动:那种“选举与我无关”,“选谁都可以”的想法,是公民意识不强、主人翁意识不强的表现。那么,怎样才能行使好自己的选举权呢?请同学们根据上面的学习,谈谈自己的想法。学生活动:思考讨论教师点评:2、 如何行使好自己的选举权(1)要不断提高自己参与民主选举的素养,端正参加选举的态度,提高选举能力,选出切实能代表人民利益的人。(2)要增强主人翁责任感和公民参与意识,积极参加选举,认真行使自己的选举权。(3)要不断提高政治参与能力,在理性判断基础上,郑重投出自己的一票。(三)课堂总结、点评本节内容讲述了我国的选举方式以及如何珍惜自己的选举权利的有关知识,懂得我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家,人民当家作主,应该增强主人翁责任感,自觉珍惜并运用好选举权,以促进我国的民主政治建设,维护人民的根本利益。
1、第一,材料一和材料二的选举方式有什么异同?(1)相同点:①都采用了演讲和答辩等形式,都带有竞选的性质;②都采用无记名、直接选举的方式进行投票选举;③都属于差额选举。(2)不同点:①材料一是对村主任进行的正式选举,结果是直接产生村主任,材料二是对镇长候选人进行的选举,结果只是确定镇长候选人,镇长人选还有待进行正式选举;②材料一是全体村民都参加选举,材料二是各户派代表参加选举;③材料二比材料一更强调竞选的方式。第二,你还知道哪些选举方式?除了直接选举外,还有间接选举、等额选举、差额选举等。第三,你能对这几种选举方式的意义和效果,作出自己的评估吗?这是学习中要探究的问题,这里不一定能回答出来,等到学完本框内容后,可以得出比较明确的答案。第四,材料三给了你什么启示?这个问题不要求统一的答案,能讲出一两点即可。提示如下:(1)新中国成立后,选举制度经历半个多世纪的发展,正在逐步走向完善;
1、重点:如何处理主次矛盾、矛盾主次方面的关系,具体问题具体分析2、难点:弄清主次矛盾、矛盾主次方面的含义四、学情分析高二学生具备了一定的抽象思维和综合分析的能力,但实践能力普遍较弱。本框所学知识理论性较强,主次矛盾和矛盾的主次方面这两个概念极易混淆,学生较难理解。而且本框内容属方法论要求,需要学生将理论与实践紧密结合,学生在运用理论分析实际问题上还比较薄弱。五、教学方法:1、探究性学习法。组织学生课后分小组进行探究性学习。在探究性学习中进行:“自主学习”、“合作学习”。让学生进行自主学习的目的是:让学生作学习的主人,“爱学、乐学”,并培养学生终身学习的能力;让学生进行合作学习的目的是:在小组分工合作中,在生生互动( 学生与学生互动)中,促使学生克服“以自我为中心,合作精神差,实践能力弱“等不足,培养综合素质。2、理论联系实际法。关注生活,理论联系实际,学以致用。
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【参考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
①演示动画,理解大爆炸宇宙论②主要观点:? 大约150亿年前,我们所处的宇宙全部以粒子的形式、极高的温度、极大的密度,被挤压在一个“原始火球”中。? 大爆炸使物质四散出击,宇宙空间不断膨胀,温度也相应下降,后来相继出现在宇宙中的所有星系、恒星、行星乃至生命。2、其它宇宙形成理¬——稳定理论3、大胆猜测:宇宙的将来史蒂芬·霍金是英国物理学家,他提出的黑洞理论和宇宙无边界的设想成了现代宇宙学的重要基石。霍金的宇宙无边界的设想是这样的:第一,宇宙是无边的。第二,宇宙不是一个可以任意赋予初始条件或边界的一般系统。霍金预言宇宙有两种结局:永远膨胀下去,不断地扩大,我们将看到所有星系的星球老化、死亡,剩下我们孤零零的,在一片黑暗当中。或者会塌缩而在大挤压处终结科学巨人霍金:探索的精神)
《函数的单调性与最大(小)值}》系人教A版高中数学必修第一册第三章第二节的内容,本节包括函数的单调性的定义与判断及其证明、函数最大(小)值的求法。在初中学习函数时,借助图像的直观性研究了一些函数的增减性,这节内容是初中有关内容的深化、延伸和提高函数的单调性是函数众多性质中的重要性质之一,函数的单调性一节中的知识是前一节内容函数的概念和图像知识的延续,它和后面的函数奇偶性,合称为函数的简单性质,是今后研究指数函数、对数函数、幂函数及其他函数单调性的理论基础;在解决函数值域、定义域、不等式、比较两数大小等具体问需用到函数的单调性;同时在这一节中利用函数图象来研究函数性质的救开结合思想将贯穿于我们整个高中数学教学。
本节通过一些函数模型的实例,让学生感受建立函数模型的过程和方法,体会函数在数学和其他学科中的广泛应用,进一步认识到函数是描述客观世界变化规律的基本数学模型,能初步运用函数思想解决一些生活中的简单问题。课程目标1.能利用已知函数模型求解实际问题.2.能自建确定性函数模型解决实际问题.数学学科素养1.数学抽象:建立函数模型,把实际应用问题转化为数学问题;2.逻辑推理:通过数据分析,确定合适的函数模型;3.数学运算:解答数学问题,求得结果;4.数据分析:把数学结果转译成具体问题的结论,做出解答;5.数学建模:借助函数模型,利用函数的思想解决现实生活中的实际问题.重点:利用函数模型解决实际问题;难点:数模型的构造与对数据的处理.
【例3】本例中“p是q的充分不必要条件”改为“p是q的必要不充分条件”,其他条件不变,试求m的取值范围.【答案】见解析【解析】由x2-8x-20≤0得-2≤x≤10,由x2-2x+1-m2≤0(m>0)得1-m≤x≤1+m(m>0)因为p是q的必要不充分条件,所以q?p,且p?/q.则{x|1-m≤x≤1+m,m>0}?{x|-2≤x≤10}所以m>01-m≥-21+m≤10,解得0<m≤3.即m的取值范围是(0,3].解题技巧:(利用充分、必要、充分必要条件的关系求参数范围)(1)化简p、q两命题,(2)根据p与q的关系(充分、必要、充要条件)转化为集合间的关系,(3)利用集合间的关系建立不等关系,(4)求解参数范围.跟踪训练三3.已知P={x|a-4<x<a+4},Q={x|1<x<3},“x∈P”是“x∈Q”的必要条件,求实数a的取值范围.【答案】见解析【解析】因为“x∈P”是x∈Q的必要条件,所以Q?P.所以a-4≤1a+4≥3解得-1≤a≤5即a的取值范围是[-1,5].五、课堂小结让学生总结本节课所学主要知识及解题技巧
本课是高中数学第一章第4节,充要条件是中学数学中最重要的数学概念之一, 它主要讨论了命题的条件与结论之间的逻辑关系,目的是为今后的数学学习特别是数学推理的学习打下基础。从学生学习的角度看,与旧教材相比,教学时间的前置,造成学生在学习充要条件这一概念时的知识储备不够丰富,逻辑思维能力的训练不够充分,这也为教师的教学带来一定的困难.“充要条件”这一节介绍了充分条件,必要条件和充要条件三个概念,由于这些概念比较抽象,中学生不易理解,用它们去解决具体问题则更为困难,因此”充要条件”的教学成为中学数学的难点之一,而必要条件的定义又是本节内容的难点.A.正确理解充分不必要条件、必要不充分条件、充要条件的概念;B.会判断命题的充分条件、必要条件、充要条件.C.通过学习,使学生明白对条件的判定应该归结为判断命题的真假.D.在观察和思考中,在解题和证明题中,培养学生思维能力的严密性品质.
本节课在已学幂函数、指数函数、对数函数的增长方式存在很大差异.事实上,这种差异正是不同类型现实问题具有不同增长规律的反应.而本节课重在研究不同函数增长的差异.课程目标1.掌握常见增长函数的定义、图象、性质,并体会其增长的快慢.2.理解直线上升、对数增长、指数爆炸的含义以及三种函数模型的性质的比较,培养数学建模和数学运算等核心素养.数学学科素养1.数学抽象:常见增长函数的定义、图象、性质;2.逻辑推理:三种函数的增长速度比较;3.数学运算:由函数图像求函数解析式;4.数据分析:由图象判断指数函数、对数函数和幂函数;5.数学建模:通过由抽象到具体,由具体到一般的数形结合思想总结函数性质.重点:比较函数值得大小;难点:几种增长函数模型的应用.教学方法:以学生为主体,采用诱思探究式教学,精讲多练。教学工具:多媒体。
本节课是新版教材人教A版普通高中课程标准实验教科书数学必修1第四章第4.4.3节《不同增长函数的差异》 是在学习了指数函数、对数函数和幂函数之后的对函数学习的一次梳理和总结。本节提出函数增长快慢的问题,通过函数图像及三个函数的性质,完成函数增长快慢的认识。既是对三种函数学习的总结,也为后续导数的学习做了铺垫。培养和发展学生数学直观、数学抽象、逻辑推理和数学建模的核心素养。1.了解指数函数、对数函数、幂函数 (一次函数) 的增长差异.2、经过探究对函数的图像观察,理解对数增长、直线上升、指数爆炸。培养学生观察问题、分析问题和归纳问题的思维能力以及数学交流能力;3、在认识函数增长差异的过程中,使学生学会认识事物的特殊性与一般性之间的关系,培养数学应用的意识,探索数学。 a.数学抽象:函数增长快慢的认识;b.逻辑推理:由特殊到一般的推理;
《函数的单调性与最大(小)值》是高中数学新教材第一册第三章第2节的内容。在此之前,学生已学习了函数的概念、定义域、值域及表示法,这为过渡到本节的学习起着铺垫作用。学生在初中已经学习了一次函数、二次函数、反比例函数的图象,在此基础上学生对增减性有一个初步的感性认识,所以本节课是学生数学思想的一次重要提高。函数单调性是函数概念的延续和拓展,又是后续研究指数函数、对数函数等内容的基础,对进一步研究闭区间上的连续函数最大值和最小值的求法和实际应用,对解决各种数学问题有着广泛作用。课程目标1、理解增函数、减函数 的概念及函数单调性的定义;2、会根据单调定义证明函数单调性;3、理解函数的最大(小)值及其几何意义;4、学会运用函数图象理解和研究函数的性质.数学学科素养
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