区分宾语从句、定于从句和状语从句宾语从句和状语从句,都叫做主从复合句。宾语从句主要是中考必考的,是初中阶段必掌握的从句,宾语从句主要是掌握三要素,所谓宾语从句,就是宾语在主从复合句当中充当宾语的一个句子,叫做宾语从句。主句的谓语动词是及物动词,后面如果是词或者是短语的话,是简单句,如果是句子的话,肯定是宾语从句。I know that he good at English.就是宾语从句,三要素,一要素是要注意连词,连词一共学了三类连词,一类连词是that口语当中可以省略,就像刚才说的那一句,I hear he is good at English.还有疑问代词、疑问副词,how where when,疑问代词、疑问副词。还有一类连词weather是否的意思,不是状语从句当中的如果,这一定要和如果区分开,这是是否。I don't know if he interested at English。宾语从句要注意if是连词。第二要素是语序,要用陈述举语序。比如说你家有几口人,我们都说How many people are there in you family?但是这是简单句,一旦说成宾语从句,你可以告诉我你家有几口人吗?Could you tell me how many people there are in you family ?
教师带领学生复习有关描述宠物的词汇,采用教师提问学生回答的方进行。如:T:What animals do you think would be good pets?What animals do you think would be bad pets?What do you think are good animals for a six-year-old child?然后学生进行 pairwork 练习。Task two: 师生互动,学习探究 1、播放3a部分的录音,引导学生一边听录音,一边跟读。2、通过听录音学生回答以下问题:Why do you think pot-bellied pigs are popular?What are the advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet?教师对学生的回答进行及时点评。3.学习范文,学习重点短语,为下步的模仿写作提供语言素材。T :1. )Have you ever kept a pig as a pet?Do you like pigs? St.:No.…Why don’t you like to keep a pig? St: No.They’re too dirty and lazy(Do you know in some foreign countries like Hollyland, Australia,pigs are the most popular pet.there’s a kind of pig.(图)it has an interesting name? it ‘s called a pot-bellied pig.) Now,let’s learn an article about this kind of interesting pet.2.)play the tapeSt.:Listen and repeat3.)show some Qs on computer(本子St.: read silently,then answerthe Qs(本子)4.)Ask ss. Close book and retell this passage.(what is a pot-bellied pig? Is it a good or bad pet? ) St.: retell it to each other“A pot –bellied pig is a popular pet now…”5.read the article together.St.:.practice reading
Step 1 Greeting Greet the class and check the homeworkStep 2 A duty report The S on duty gives a report on the rules in his home and lead in 3a “Sun Fei’s and Wu Yu’s rules” Step 3 ReadingSs read the conversation and write the two girls’ rules in the chart. Check the answers.Get Ss to read after the tape and then read aloud by themselves. Then, T explains the language points.Step 4 Pairwork 3bRole play. Use the information in chart to practice with the conversation in 3a covered. They can look at the sample conversation in the right box.Step 5 Task 2 “Who’s the best reporter?”Make a survey by asking any 5 students the questions in the chart in activity 4. Then give out a report about it. See who is the best reporter? And the best reporter will get a nice ball-pen.Step 6 Summary and homework:Write out the report in your exercise-books.Period ThreeStep 1 Greeting and a duty reportThe S gives a duty report talking about his experience of being late for school. Lead in the question “Do you ever get to school late? How often do you get to school late? Always, usually, sometimes, or never?Step 2 1a Get Ss to finish writing.Step 3 Pairwork 1b Get Ss to talk about their answers with their partners using the sample conversation in the box on the right.Step 4 Listening practice2a Lead-in: What will happen if you get to school late? What about Peter? Let’s listen to a conversation between Peter and his father. Get Ss to finish 2a (As usual, for the first time, Ss only listen.) Check the answers.
教学目标: 1. Express preferences2. Talk about one’s likes and dislikes and the reasons3. Learn to express one’s opinions 4. Learn to write a reply 语言功能: 1) Talk about one’s preferences, using t he relative clause2) Talk about people’s likes and dislikes and the reasons3) Talk about opinions语言结构: Relative clauses with that and who语言目标:What kind of music do you like?I like music that I can sing along with.I love singers who write their own music.We prefer music that has great lyric.重点词汇及短语:heart, photography, interest, class, whatever, miss, okay, expect, sweet, taste, itself, laboratory, cancer, increase, biscuit, main, care, prefer… to…, remind somebody of …, dance to, sing along with, be sure to, interest somebody, make somebody adj., to be honest, suit somebody, on display, catch up教学重难点:What do other people think of the different kinds of things? How to express one’s opinions? 学习方式:讨论,合作学习情感目标:通过本单元的学习,能提高学生的艺术鉴赏能力和审美情趣,并引导学生养成健康的饮食习惯。课时安排5课时第一课时:Section A: 1a-2c第二课时:Section A : 3a-4第三课时:Section B:1-2c, Self check2第四课时:Section B: 3a-4, Self check1第五课时:Self check ReadingI like music that I can dance to.
Ⅰ. Teaching Aims and Demands1. Knowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularyoversleep(2) Target LanguageWhat happened?I overslept. And by the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.2. Ability Objects(1) Teach the students to use the new words.(2) Train the students to narrate past events with the Past Perfect Tense.(3) Train the students' listening and speaking skills with the target language.3. Moral ObjectIt’s a good habit to go to bed early in the evening and get up early in the morning. So you’ll never be in a hurry in the morning.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points1. Key Vocabularyoversleep2. Target LanguageNarrate past events with the Past Perfect TenseⅢ. Teaching Difficult Points1. Train the students to narrate past events with the Past Perfect Tense.2. Train the students to understand the target language in spoken conversation.Ⅳ. Teaching Methods1. Thinking of examples from the students' real lives.2. Making sentences by looking at the pictures.Ⅴ. Teaching AidA tape recorderⅥ. Teaching ProceduresStep I Revision1. Revise the language points in Unit 8.Ask some questions like this: What volunteer work would you like to do?Help the students to answer, I’d like to…/I love to…/I hope to2. Practice the dialogue in Activity 3c on page 62 again. Get students to role play the similar dialogues with the following.
The First PeriodⅠ.Teaching Aims and DemandsKnowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site(2) Target LanguageWhere would you like to go on vacation?I’d like to trek through the jungle, because I like exciting vacations.2. Ability Objects(1)Train students to talk about places they would like to visit with the target language.(2)Train students to describe vacations with different adjectives.(3)Train students' listening skill.3. Moral Object,It′s more interesting to go on vacating somewhere instead of staying at home.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points1. Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site2. Target LanguageTalk about different places with the target language.Ⅲ. Teaching Difficult Points1. Describe vacations with different adjectives.2. Talk about different places with the target language.Ⅳ. Teaching Methods1. Teaching by illumination2. Teaching by doing chain drills3. Teaching by pairworkⅤ. Teaching Aids1. A tape recorder2. Some pictures of different places with famous views
1. 教材分析本单元以how do things affect you?为话题, 从颜色、天气、音乐、广告、产品等方面谈论了外界事物如何影响人的心情。要求学生掌握表达某物或某事给人带来的感觉、看法或影响等。共设计了四个部分的内容:Section A 该部分有4个模块:第一模块围绕Which restaurant would you like to go to?这一话题展开思维(1a)、听力(1b)、口语(1c)训练;第二模块围绕How does music affect you? 进行听力(2a-2b)、口语训练(2c);第三模块继续围绕how do colors in the restaurant affect you这一话题展开训练,训练形式为阅读和问题体验(3a)和小组活动(3b);第四模块仍就How do things affect you这一话题以调查的形式展开讨论。Section B该部分有4个模块:第一模块围绕产品广告对人们的影响这一话题以“配对”(1a)与“列举”(1b)两种形式展开训练;第二模块继续围绕How do things affect you? 进行听力(2a-2b)、口语对话训练(2c);第三模块围绕“Advertising”这一话题展开阅读(3a-3b)和写作(3c)训练;第四模块围绕How posters affect you这一话题以口语训练形式展开小组活动。
Step Ⅰ RevisionCheck homework. Ask a few students to read the article in 3a.Then ask a few students to read their guides.Step Ⅱ Part 1Look at the words in the box. Ask a student to read them. Make sure the students understand the meaning of the words. You are to fill in the blanks with the words. In some cases, students may need to use another form of the word, for example adjusting for tense or subject/ verb agreement.Ask students to fill in the blanks on their own.Check the answers. Step ⅢPart 2Go through the instructions with the class.Look at the example with the students.Ask students what the answer would be.Ask a student to read the question and answer it.Excuse me, could you tell me where the bank is, please?The bank is across the street from the shopping malt.Get students to complete the work in pairs.Check the answers. Ask a few students to read their questions.Step Ⅳ Just for Fun!Ask all the students to read the conversation. Ask: What is funny about this cartoon? Help students to explain. A Martian is a person from the planet Mars.There is no such thing as Martian food on Earth, and the clerk looks silly because he is trying to think of where there is a Martian restaurant.Invite some pairs of students to present this conversation to the rest of the class.Step Ⅴ Summary and HomeworkIn this class, we’ve done much writing practice using the key vocabulary words and the target language presented in this unit. After class, please finish the questions in 2 in your exercise books. Then finish the exercises on pages 47~48 of the workbook as well.The Seventh Period Ⅰ Teaching Aims and Demands1. Knowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularyimage, adventure, jealousy, hero, crime, journey, brave, no longer, show interest in, take it easy, become interested in, plain looks(2)Text:Grown-ups like cartoons, too.2. Ability Objects(1) Fast-reading to get a general idea of the text.(2) Careful-reading to get the detailed information in the text.
Talk about offering help (P60)I’ll help clean up the city parks.A: I’d like to work ...B: You could help ...Talk about ways to tell people about the Clean-Up Day (P61)We need to ...We can’t ...I’ll ...Talk about the work the volunteers do (P62)These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.Somebody loves to ... / helps ... / plans to ... / wants to ...A: What do you like doing?B: I like ... A: What kind of volunteer work do you think I could do?B: You could ...1. 重点词汇advertisement, fix, repair, pleasure, blind, deaf, shut, carry, specially, fetch2. 认读词汇hunger, homeless, cheer, clean-up, sign, establish, major, commitment, elementary, veterinarian, coach, similar, call-in, strategy, disabled, organization, unable, support, appreciate, donation, part of speech, pronoun, adverb, preposition, conjunction, donate, Jimmy, Sally3. 词组clean up, cheer up, give out, put off, set up, think up, take after, fix up, give away, put up, hand out, work out, at once
本单元主要围绕着有关濒临灭绝的动物这一话题,学习了应该怎样保护我们的环境,以及就某一问题展开辩论。目标提示语言目标能够运用所学知识,就某一问题展开辩论。认知目标1、复习一些语法:现在进行时、一般现在时、用used to 表示一般过去时、现在完成时、一般过去时的被动语态。2、学会表达同意和不同意。3、学会以下基本句型:We’re trying to save the manatees.Manatees eat about 100 pounds of food a day.There used to be a lot of manatees.In 1972,it was discovered that they were endangered.Some of the swamps have become polluted.情感目标了解一些濒临灭绝的动物的生活习性和濒临灭绝的原因,教育学生应该如何保护环境。教学提示充分利用多媒体等教学设备,创设与本课话题相关的情境,如各种不同种类的动物、动物园以及有关环境的画画等等。围绕着本单元的教学目标,设计一些贴近学生实际的教学任务,如让学生谈论自己最喜欢的动物,如何拯救濒危动物,如何保护环境等等。让学生根据所学知识,就动物园是否对动物有利以及其他的话题进行辩论。
教学目标:1. 掌握本单元一些重点词汇的写法和用法。2. 学会自如谈论餐桌礼仪。Step 1 RevisionAsk some students to retell the customs at the table in France in the passage in 3a.Step 2 Self checkPart 1. Fill in each bland with the correct word given. Students do the exercises by themselves at first. Then check the answers. Ask the students to comprehend the sentences and help them point out uses of some words, like “arrive (at / in) sw., spend time / money on sth , spend time / money (in) doing sth.”Part 2. Read about Fan Ling’s experience in a western restaurant. Understand the passage. Point out some key points in the passage.1. be / get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事2. begin with = start with 以….开头3. crowd v. 挤满,塞满 the crowd 人群 crowded adj. 拥挤的Then students discuss about how she would solve her problem. Ask some to share their stories with others.Part 3. Complete the crossword by looking at the sentences on the left. Then check the answers.
1.了解“两点之间,线段最短”.2.能借助尺、规等工具比较两条线段的大小,能用圆规作一条线段等于已知线段.3.了解线段的中点及线段的和、差、倍、分的意义,并能根据条件求出线段的长.一、情境导入爱护花草树木是我们每个人都应具备的优秀品质.从教学楼到图书馆,总有少数同学不走人行道而横穿草坪(如图),同学们,你觉得这样做对吗?为了解释这种现象,学习了下面的知识,你就会知道.二、合作探究探究点一:线段长度的计算【类型一】 根据线段的中点求线段的长如图,若线段AB=20cm,点C是线段AB上一点,M、N分别是线段AC、BC的中点.(1)求线段MN的长;(2)根据(1)中的计算过程和结果,设AB=a,其它条件不变,你能猜出MN的长度吗?请用简洁的话表达你发现的规律.
(1)请你用代数式表示水渠的横断面面积;(2)计算当a=3,b=1时,水渠的横断面面积.解析:(1)根据梯形面积=12(上底+下底)×高,即可用含有a、b的代数式表示水渠横断面面积;(2)把a=3、b=1带入到(1)中求出的代数式中,其结果即为水渠的横断面面积.解:(1)∵梯形面积=12(上底+下底)×高,∴水渠的横断面面积为:12(a+b)b(m2);(2)当a=3,b=1时水渠的横断面面积为12(3+1)×1=2(m2).方法总结:解答本题时需搞清下列几个问题:(1)题目中给出的是什么图形?(2)这种图形的面积公式是什么?(3)根据公式求图形的面积需要知道哪几个量?(4)这些量是否已知或能求出?搞清楚了这些问题,求解就水到渠成.三、板书设计教学过程中,应通过活动使学生感知代数式运算在判断和推理上的意义,增强学生学习数学的兴趣,培养学生积极的情感和态度,为进一步学习奠定坚实的基础.
方法总结:对等式进行变形,必须在等式的两边同时进行,即同加或同减,同乘或同除,不能漏掉一边,且同加或同减,同乘或同除的数必须相同.探究点二:利用等式的基本性质解方程用等式的性质解下列方程:(1)4x+7=3; (2)12x-13x=4.解析:(1)在等式的两边都减7,再在等式的两边都除以4,可得答案;(2)在等式的两边都乘以6,再合并同类项,可得答案.解:(1)方程两边都减7,得4x=-4.方程两边都除以4,得x=-1;(2)方程两边都乘以6,得3x-2x=24,x=24.方法总结:解方程时,一般先将方程变形为ax=b的形式,然后再变形为x=c的形式.三、板书设计教学过程中,强调学生自主探索和合作交流,通过观察、操作、归纳等数学活动,感受数学思想的条理性和数学结论的严密性.
方法总结:要认真观察图象,结合题意,弄清各点所表示的意义.探究点二:一次函数与一元一次方程一次函数y=kx+b(k,b为常数,且k≠0)的图象如图所示,根据图象信息可求得关于x的方程kx+b=0的解为()A.x=-1B.x=2C.x=0D.x=3解析:首先由函数经过点(0,1)可得b=1,再将点(2,3)代入y=kx+1,可求出k的值为1,从而可得出一次函数的表达式为y=x+1,再求出方程x+1=0的解为x=-1,故选A.方法总结:此题主要考查了一次函数与一元一次方程的关系,关键是正确利用待定系数法求出一次函数的关系式.三、板书设计一次函数的应用单个一次函数图象的应用一次函数与一元一次方程的关系探究的过程由浅入深,并利用了丰富的实际情景,增加了学生的学习兴趣.教学中要注意层层递进,逐步让学生掌握求一次函数与一元一次方程的关系.教学中还应注意尊重学生的个体差异,使每个学生都学有所获.
解:∵y=23x+a与y=-12x+b的图象都过点A(-4,0),∴32×(-4)+a=0,-12×(-4)+b=0.∴a=6,b=-2.∴两个一次函数分别是y=32x+6和y=-12x-2.y=32x+6与y轴交于点B,则y=32×0+6=6,∴B(0,6);y=-12x-2与y轴交于点C,则y=-2,∴C(0,-2).如图所示,S△ABC=12BC·AO=12×4×(6+2)=16.方法总结:解此类题要先求得顶点的坐标,即两个一次函数的交点和它们分别与x轴、y轴交点的坐标.三、板书设计两个一次函数的应用实际生活中的问题几何问题进一步训练学生的识图能力,能通过函数图象获取信息,解决简单的实际问题,在函数图象信息获取过程中,进一步培养学生的数形结合意识,发展形象思维.在解决实际问题的过程中,进一步发展学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力和数学应用意识.
(2)DF∥BE.∵DE平分∠ADC,BF平分∠ABC(已知),∴∠3=12∠ADC,∠2=12∠ABC(角平分线定义).∵∠ADC=∠ABC(已知),∴∠2=∠3(等量代换).又∵∠1=∠2(已知),∴∠1=∠3(等量代换),∴DF∥BE(内错角相等,两直线平行).(3)AD∥BC.由(2)知∠3=∠1,又∵DE平分∠ADC(已知),∴∠ADE=∠3(角平分线定义),∠ADE=∠1(等量代换).∴∠A=180°-∠ADE-∠1=180°-2∠ADE=180°-∠ADC=180°-∠ABC(三角形内角和为180°及等量代换),即∠A+∠ABC=180°,∴AD∥BC(同旁内角互补,两直线平行).方法总结:解此类题应首先结合图形猜测结论,然后证明.证明两条直线平行,一般先找它们的截线,再求同位角相等(或内错角相等,同旁内角互补)来说明两直线平行.若没有公共截线,则需作出两直线的截线辅助证明.三、板书设计平行线,的判定)判定公理:同位角相等,两直线平行判定定理内错角相等,两直线平行同旁内角互补,两直线平行本节课通过经历探索平行线的判定方法的过程,发展学生的逻辑推理能力,逐步掌握规范的推理论证格式.
方法总结:平行线与角的大小关系、直线的位置关系是紧密联系在一起的.由两直线平行的位置关系得到两个相关角的数量关系,从而得到相应角的度数.探究点四:平行于同一条直线的两直线平行如图所示,AB∥CD.求证:∠B+∠BED+∠D=360°.解析:证明本题的关键是如何使平行线与要证的角发生联系,显然需作出辅助线,沟通已知和结论.已知AB∥CD,但没有一条直线既与AB相交,又与CD相交,所以需要作辅助线构造同位角、内错角或同旁内角,但是又要保证原有条件和结论的完整性,所以需要过点E作AB的平行线.证明:如图所示,过点E作EF∥AB,则有∠B+∠BEF=180°(两直线平行,同旁内角互补).又∵AB∥CD(已知),∴EF∥CD(如果两条直线都和第三条直线平行,那么这两条直线也互相平行),∴∠FED+∠D=180°(两直线平行,同旁内角互补).∴∠B+∠BEF+∠FED+∠D=180°+180°(等式的性质),即∠B+∠BED+∠D=360°.方法总结:过一点作一条直线或线段的平行线是我们常作的辅助线.
解:设正比例函数的表达式为y1=k1x,一次函数的表达式为y2=k2x+b.∵点A(4,3)是它们的交点,∴代入上述表达式中,得3=4k1,3=4k2+b.∴k1=34,即正比例函数的表达式为y=34x.∵OA=32+42=5,且OA=2OB,∴OB=52.∵点B在y轴的负半轴上,∴B点的坐标为(0,-52).又∵点B在一次函数y2=k2x+b的图象上,∴-52=b,代入3=4k2+b中,得k2=118.∴一次函数的表达式为y2=118x-52.方法总结:根据图象确定一次函数的表达式的方法:从图象上选取两个已知点的坐标,然后运用待定系数法将两点的横、纵坐标代入所设表达式中求出待定系数,从而求出函数的表达式.【类型三】 根据实际问题确定一次函数的表达式某商店售货时,在进价的基础上加一定利润,其数量x与售价y的关系如下表所示,请你根据表中所提供的信息,列出售价y(元)与数量x(千克)的函数关系式,并求出当数量是2.5千克时的售价.
(4)从平均分看,两队的平均分相同,实力大体相当;从折线的走势看,甲队比赛成绩呈上升趋势,而乙队比赛成绩呈下降趋势;从获胜场数看,甲队胜三场,乙队胜两场,甲队成绩较好;从方差看,甲队比赛成绩比乙队比赛成绩波动小,甲队成绩较稳定.综上所述,选派甲队参赛更能取得好成绩.方法总结:本题是反映数据集中程度与离散程度的综合题.从图形中得到两队的成绩,然后从平均数、方差的角度来考虑,在平均数相同的情况下,方差越小的越稳定.三、板书设计数据的离散程度极差:一组数据中最大数据与最小数据的差方差:各个数据与平均数差的平方的平均数 s2=1n[(x1-x)2+(x2-x)2+…+(xn-x)2]标准差:方差的算术平方根 公式:s=s2经历表示数据离散程度的几个量的探索过程,通过实例体会用样本估计总体的统计思想,培养学生的数学应用能力.通过小组合作,培养学生的合作意识;通过解决实际问题,让学生体会数学与生活的密切联系.