一、教材分析(一)教材的地位和作用:本节课是北师大七年级(上)义务教育课程标准实验教材第2章第6节第一课时的内容。它是学生在已经掌握有理数加法、减法、乘法、除法、乘方以后进行学习的。它是建立在有理数的有关概念和各种运算的意义及法则的基础上进行的综合性运算。它是本章的重点之一,是以上各种运算的继续和发展,对学生运算能力和数学学习能力的培养,有着十分重要的意义,同时也是初中数学运算的重要内容之一,是后续学习的基础。(二)教学目标的确立:参照义务教育阶段《数学课程标准》的要求,确定本节课的教学目标如下:1、知识技能目标:(1)掌握有理数的混合运算法则及运算顺序。(2)熟练的进行有理数的混合运算。2、能力目标:培养学生的观察能力和运算能力。3、情感与态度目标:(1)培养学生在计算前认真审题,确定运算顺序,计算中按步骤审慎进行,并养成验算的良好的学习习惯。
5. 作业: 作业我同样选取不同题型的五个计算题,目的是想查看学生学的效果如何,是否对哪类题型还留有疑问。 6. 自我评价: 这堂课我觉得满意的,是能够利用短暂的45分钟把要学的知识穿插在学与练当中,充分地利用了课堂有限的时间,并且能让学生边学边练,及时巩固。 当然这堂课也有很多不足之处,我觉得自己对于课堂上学生做练习时出现的一些小问题处理还没有能够处理得很好,我应该吸取经验教训,再以后的教学中加以改进。 另外对于多个有理数相乘时的符号问题,我觉得自己归纳得还不是很到位,我想解决的办法是在以后的练习中再做些补充,让学生加深理解。从中我也得到一个教训,再以后的教学工作中,我还应该多学习教学方法,多思考如何归纳知识点,才能更好地帮学生形成一个系统的知识系统!
五、两点说明。(一)、板书设计这节课的板书我是这样设计的,在黑板的正上方中间处写明课题,然后把板书分为左右两部分,左边是有理数除法的法则,为了培养学生把文字语言转化成符号语言的能力,板书中只出现两种法则的符号表示,从而加深他们对法则的理解,板书右边是学生的板演,以便于比较他们做题中出现的问题。板书下方是课堂小结,重点写出:有理数的除法可以转化成有理数的乘法,以体现本节课中的重要的数学思想方法。有理数的除法板演练习:有理数除法的法则:a÷b=a×1/b(b≠0) 1a>0,b>0,a/b>0;a0; 2a>0,b0,a/b<0. 3课堂小结:有理数的除法 有理数的乘法转化(二)、时间分配:教学过程中的八个环节所需的时间分别为:1分钟、2分钟、5分钟、8分钟、8分钟、16分钟、2分钟、1分钟。
在答案的汇总过程中,要肯定学生的探索,爱护学生的学习兴趣和探索欲.让学生作课堂的主人,陈述自己的结果.对学生的不完整或不准确回答,教师适当延迟评价;要鼓励学生创造性思维,教师要及时抓住学生智慧的火花的闪现,这一瞬间的心理激励,是培养学生创造力、充分挖掘潜能的有效途径.预先设想学生思路,可能从以下方面分类归纳,探索规律:① 从加数的不同符号情况(可遇见情况:正数+正数;负数+负数;正数+负数;数+0)② 从加数的不同数值情况(加数为整数;加数为小数)③ 从有理数加法法则的分类(同号两数相加;异号两数相加;同0相加)④ 从向量的迭加性方面(加数的绝对值相加;加数的绝对值相减)⑤ 从和的符号确定方面(同号两数相加符号的确定;异号两数相加符号的确定)教学中要避免课堂热热闹闹,却陷入数学教学的浅薄与贫乏.
5、总结学生解题过程中存在的问题,并指导并纠正、分析根本原因。6、通过演示法给学生演示完整、详细和规范的解题过程。7、总结有理数的运算顺序和方法。先让学生自己总结运算顺序,培养学生自己思考的能力,然后教师进行纠正。等这个过程结束之后,再给出完整的运算顺序和方法。8、出示练习题,巩固所学知识,教师及时指正。9、最后布置课后作业题。四、教学评价本节课我注重体现“以教师为主导、学生为主体、以学生发展为本的教学思想”。1、通过具体的题目引入,让学生先以自己的知识体系解决问题,在这过程中发现问题、归纳总结原因,并予以解决。一方面复习前面所学的基本运算,另一方面完善学生的知识体系。2、培养学生自主学习与探究的能力、分析与解决问题的能力。
“数的运算”是“数与代数”学习领域的重要内容,减法是其中的一种基本运算.本课的学习远接小学阶段关于整数、分数(包括小数)的减法运算,近承第四节有理数的加法运算.通过对有理数的减法运算的学习,学生将对减法运算有进一步的认识和理解,为后继诸如实数、复数的减法运算的学习奠定了坚实的基础.鉴于以上对教学内容在教材体系中的位置及地位的认识和理解,确定本节课的教学目标如下:1、知识目标:经历探索有理数的减法法则的过程,理解有理数的减法法则,并能熟练运用法则进行有理数的减法运算.2、能力目标:经历由特例归纳出一般规律的过程,培养学生的抽象概括能力及表达能力;通过减法到加法的转化,让学生初步体会转化、化归的数学思想.3、情感目标:
接着引导学生进一步思考截面可不可以是特殊的三角形:等腰三角形和等边三角形。教师用课件演示切截过程,展示切截位置的变化引起截面形状的变化,图形特殊化。使学生的思考经历由一般到特殊的过程。2.截面是其他形状学生先猜想正方体的截面还有可能是什么形状,再利用实验操作型课件对正方体进行无限次的切截,让学生在无限次切截的过程中体会截面产生和变化的整个过程,发现截面产生和变化的规律。学生从切截活动中发现猜想时没有想到的截面图形,体会到探索的乐趣。教师再引导学生归纳正方体截面边数的规律。学生的认知得到升华。接着引导学生归纳截面形状中的特殊四边形。二.圆柱体和圆锥体的截面学生先猜想圆柱体的截面可能是什么形状,教师利用实验操作型课件对圆柱体进行无限次的切截,学生观察截面形状。
将一个圆分成三个大小相同的扇形,你能计算出它们的圆心角的度数吗?你知道每个扇形的面积和整个圆的面积的关系吗?与同伴交流设计意图:通过引导学生根据圆心角与圆心角的比例确定扇形面积与整圆的面积关系为后面学习扇形面积公式做铺垫,体现知识的延续性。(六)、巩固练习.如图,把一圆分成三个扇形,你能求出这三个扇形的圆心角吗?若圆的半径为2,你能求出各部分的面积吗?(七)、课堂小结学完这节课你有哪些收获?设计意图:通过小节让学生对所学知识进行梳理,使所学知识能合理地纳入自身的知识结构。(八) 布置作业:中等学生:P125. 1优等生: P125. 2,3我针对学生素质的差异设计了有层次的训练题,留给学生课后自主探究,这样即使学生掌握基础知识,又使学有余力的学生有所提高,从而达到拔尖和“减负”的目的。
四、教学过程分析为有序、有效地进行教学,本节课我主要安排了以下教学环节:(一)复习导入主要复习一下三种统计图,为接下来介绍三种统计图的特点及根据实际问题选取适当的统计图做好知识准备。(二)问题探究选取课本上“小华对1992~2002年同学家中有无电视机及近一年来同学在家看电视的情况”的3个调查项目,进而设计3个探究问题从而加深学生对每一种统计图的进一步认识,至此用自己的语言总结出每一种统计图的特点。(三)实践练兵这一环节通过2个实际问题的设计,通过学生对问题的分析、讨论,使学生认识到适当选取统计图有助于帮助人们去更快速、更准确地获取信息。(四)课堂小结总结这一节课所学的重点知识,这部分主要是让学生自己去总结,看看这节课自己有哪些收获。(五)作业布置进一步巩固本节课所学的知识,达到教学效果。以上就是我对这节课的见解,不足之处还望批评和指正。
一是先用计算器算出下面各题的积,再找一找有什么规律。目的是活跃气氛,激发学生探索数学规律的兴趣,为下面的数学探险作铺垫。二是数学探险。在这个步骤中,我先出示8个1乘8个1,学生用计算器计算的答案肯定不一样,因为学生带来的计算器所能显示的数位不一样,而且这些计算器所能显示的数位都不够用,也就是这道题目计算器不能解决。这时我提问:“你觉得问题出在哪儿?是我们错了,还是计算器错了?你能想办法解决吗?请四人小组讨论一下解决方案。”这样安排的目的是引发矛盾冲突,激发他们解决问题的需要和欲望。在学生找不到更好的解决方法时,引导学生向书本请教,完成课本第101页想想做做的第四题。让学生利用计算器算出前5题的得数,引导学生通过观察、比较、归纳、类比发现这些算式的规律,填写第6个算式,发展学生的合情推理能力,同时也让学生领略了数学的神奇。
②.通过“由文字语言到符号语言”再“由符号语言到文字语言”让学生从正反两方面双向建构.突破难点策略:①.分三步分散难点:引入时大量的实际情景,让学生体会到代数式存在的普遍性;让学生给自己构造的一些简单代数式赋予实际意义,进一步体会代数式的模型思想;通过“主题研究”等环节进一步提高解决实际问题的能力.②.适时安排小组合作与交流,使学生在倾听、质疑、说服、推广的过程中得到“同化”和“顺应”,直至豁然开朗,突破思维的瓶颈.2.生成预设为生成服务,本案编代数式、主题研究等环节的设计为学生精彩的生成提供了很好的平台,在实际教学过程中,教师要注重生成信息的捕捉,善于发现学生思维的亮点,及时进行引导和激励,并根据具体教学对象,适当调整教与学,使教学过程真正成为生成教育智慧和增强实践能力的过程.让预设与生成齐飞.
(六)当堂达标(练习二、三 10分钟)练习二让学生口答,通过练习,巩固学生对直线、射线、线段表示方法的掌握。练习三让学生去黑板板演,教师检验对错并重点强调几何语言的表述。文字语言和图形语言之间的转化是难点,着重练习文字语言向图形语言的转化,提高几何语言的理解与运用能力。当堂达标是检查学习效果、巩固知识、提高能力的重要手段。通过练习,学生会体验到收获和成功,发现存在的不足,教师也及时获得信息反馈,以便课下查漏补缺。 (七)小结(3分钟)教师提问“这节课我们学了哪些知识?”请学生回答,教师做适当补充。课堂小结对一节课起着“画龙点晴”的作用,它能体现一节课所讲的知识和数学思想。因此,在小结时,教师引导学生概括本节内容的重点。
Period 2 (3a----Section B 2c)Preview(Pre-task): Key points: What laAdd another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardnguage does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Preview(Pre-task): Add another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardKey points: What language does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Step 1 Revision1.Revisionand dictation of the new words 2.Revise the drills they learned yesterday.(by pairwork and grammar exercise)Step 2 Leading-inT has a conversation with one student. The conversation is following:---Do you have a pen pal?---Yes, I do.---What's your pen pal's name? ---His/Her name is....---Where is your pen pal from? ---He/She is from...---Where does he/she live? ---He/She lives in....---What language does he/she speak?He/She speaks...Write the new words on the Bb. They are following: EnglishChineseJapaneseFrenchStep 3 LearnLearn the new words with the whole class.Finish 3a with the students3b Pairwork T still does an example with one student Then the Ss practise in pairs. The example is following:--Curry Muray is my pen pal. He is from the United States.---What language does he speak?
Don’t fight. =You can’t fight. (板书,教读)教师把这些句子板书在黑板上,并请学生大声整齐地读祈使句和“can’t”句型,并让学生注意两种句型表达形式的不同和转换,“Don’t …=You can’t…”;并对学生说:These are our school rules. (板书,教读) You can’t break the school rules. Don’t break the school rules.(板书,教读)步骤3 :Practicea. T: Now, each of the students is breaking one of these rules.Please finish 1a.学生看图,完成1a的内容,检查答案并大声朗读校规。b. 听录音,完成1b,选出四位学生都违反了哪条校规;听之前,学生要读会英文名。c. 请两位学生朗读1c部分的句型;要求学生两人一组对话表演,SA扮演外校转来新生,SB告知本校校规。(学生可经过讨论,多说出他们想到的校规,不必只限于书上;教师应给予帮助)2) 第二课时(2a~4)步骤1 :warming up of revisionT: What are the rules at your school?学生使用“can”或祈使句表达各条校规;其中老师可引出“eat in the cafeteria outside”的表达。步骤2 :Practicea.T: Christina is an exchange student. She doesn’t know the rules. Let’s listen, what activities they’re talking about?学生听第一遍时,完成2a;第二遍时,完成2b;b. 请学生领读2c部分,看着2a完成的表格,理解2c活动的要求;分成小组针对2a进行问答;
区分宾语从句、定于从句和状语从句宾语从句和状语从句,都叫做主从复合句。宾语从句主要是中考必考的,是初中阶段必掌握的从句,宾语从句主要是掌握三要素,所谓宾语从句,就是宾语在主从复合句当中充当宾语的一个句子,叫做宾语从句。主句的谓语动词是及物动词,后面如果是词或者是短语的话,是简单句,如果是句子的话,肯定是宾语从句。I know that he good at English.就是宾语从句,三要素,一要素是要注意连词,连词一共学了三类连词,一类连词是that口语当中可以省略,就像刚才说的那一句,I hear he is good at English.还有疑问代词、疑问副词,how where when,疑问代词、疑问副词。还有一类连词weather是否的意思,不是状语从句当中的如果,这一定要和如果区分开,这是是否。I don't know if he interested at English。宾语从句要注意if是连词。第二要素是语序,要用陈述举语序。比如说你家有几口人,我们都说How many people are there in you family?但是这是简单句,一旦说成宾语从句,你可以告诉我你家有几口人吗?Could you tell me how many people there are in you family ?
"Hello! Welcome to English class! Introduce yourself. Meet your new classmates." That's what the teacher says. What do you say? "Oh no!" It can be difficult talking to new people. But it can be fun, and you can make friends. How do you do it? Make small talk. Small talk is polite conversation. "Wang Nan is a great pingpang player, isn't she?" "I'd love to meet her, wouldn't you?" "It's been raining a lot, hasn't it?" Tag questions are a form of polite speech. To make small talk successfully, you should know how to make them. You should also know what topics to talk about. Try to learn this unit carefully. The next time you're in English class, you'll find out. Making small talk's easy, isn't it? (“你好!欢迎你!请做一下自我介绍。认识一下你的新同学。”通常在课上老师会这样说。你会说什么呢?“噢,不!”与陌生人谈话太困难了。但是这也很有意思,并且你还能交到朋友。你该怎么做呢?闲聊。闲聊指得是礼貌的对话。“王楠是一个很棒的乒乓球运动员,不是吗?”“我希望自己能认识她,你呢?“今年的雨水很多,不是吗?”反意疑问句是一种礼貌用语。为了使得谈话成功,你应该知道怎样去进行闲聊。你还应该知道与不同的人该谈论什么样的话题。认真的学习这个单元吧,下次在英语课上,你会发现与大家展开谈话是一件很容易的事情,不信我们来试试。)
This activity introduces some new vocabulary and provide oral practice using the target language.Task 1 . Ask four students to stand in front of the class, and the teacher asks them the following questions as a reporter.1.What are you going to do when you grow up?2.What are you going to do next week?3.What are going to do after school?The students will give different answers, then ask a good student to report what they said.I am going to e a doctor.What did she say?----------She said she was going to be a doctor.I am going to have a party on Friday night.What did he say?-------He said he was going to have a party on Friday night.I am going to do my homework.What did she say ?------ She said she was going to do her homework.I am going home after school.What did she say?-----She said she was going home after school.Say In this unit we are going to learn to use words like to report what someone said.Task 2. Read the instructions. Then ask a student to read the four questions. And write the words on the Bb. Explain what soap opera is.Task 3. Ask the students to Look at the pictures, point out the TV screens in the picture. Ask one girl to read what Marcia said.What did Marcia say? She said She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. Repeat the other pictures in the same way.Activity3. Listen and number the pictures in activity 1a.
Step Ⅱ Show the new words on the screen and teach the new words. Read the new words to students and ask them to repeat.Step Ⅲ 3aThis activity introduces new vocabulary and provides reading practice using the target language.In this activity first look at the four pictures.T: What can you see in the pictures?Ss: Four snow globes.T: Right. There are four snow globes in the pictures. And what are they?Ss: They are a monster, two polar bears, two penguins and a birthday cake.Write these words on the blackboard: snow globe; monster; polar bear; penguin and birthday cake. Read them to the class and ask students to repeat each one. Make sure students understand each word.Use a computer to show the E-mail message on the screen and read the message to students.Get students to read the e-mail on their own, and then draw lines connecting each snow globe and its description.Correct the answers.AnswersA line should connect each snow globe picture with the words that describe it in the letter.Step Ⅳ 3bThis activity provides writing practice using the target language.First review Activity 2a on Page 47.Then ask students to complete the message according to Activity 2a.Some partial sentences are given to students. Write about one person's collection.When students work, walk around the room checking the progress and offering help as needed.When they finish, ask some students to read their messages to the class.
Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教学步骤、时间 教师活动 学生活动 媒体应用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.让同学们回答下列问题1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此时教师用汉语问:“在周末期间问你干了什么?这句话用英语这么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板书、学习)
三、教学建议第一课时:1. Lead in (Vocabulary)A) Before class, teacher should collect some pictures of working places. For example: Bank, TV Station, Restaurant, Police Station, Hospital ...B) In class, show students the pictures (PowerPoint, OHP). Ask students to tell the name of the working places and the name of the jobs.Shop assistant, doctor, actor, reporter, police office, waiter, bank clerk, studentC) Do exercise 1a and 3a.2. Bingo GameAsk groups of students to make up pairs of cards with a job on one and the related workplace on the other. For example, waiter / restaurant, teacher / school, doctor / hospital. Encourage students to use both the job / workplace combinations in the book and the ones that students came up during class discussions. Be sure they have twice as many sets of cards as there are students in the group. They can make two sets of cards for a single job / workplace, if necessary. Then have each group mix up its set of cards and hand their cards out in random order. Each time a student gets a pair of cards that match, he or she can lay these cards down. The goal is to have no cards in your hand at the end.3. Task OneA) Ask students to work in pairs and ask the partner what does he / she want to be in the future.e. g. :What do you / does he / does she want to be?I want to be a.Why?Because it's (adj).B) Vocabulary: Section B, 1a4. Homework 1.2.
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