一、教材分析(一)、内容、地位和作用这节课是义务教育课程标准实验教科书北师大版七年级第6章《数据的收集与表示》第一节《数据的收集》的第一课时。在此之前,学生在已经学习了一些初步的数据的处理问题,对运用数据去解决日常生活中的实际问题已有所了解,知道了运用数据的价值。本节课是在此基础上对数据的收集又有了更进一步的学习与挖掘。为后面运用数据的知识去分析一些现象打下基础。新的义务教育课程标准与我国以往的数学课程相比,在教学内容上大大加强了统计和概率,在教学方法上积极倡导自主探索和合作学习,帮助学生通过反复观察,了解不确定的现象也能够表现出规律,整个内容围绕真实的数据展开教学。依据新课程标准,在教学中,应注重所学内容与日常生活、自然、社会和科学技术领域的联系,使学生体会统计与概率对制定决策的重要作用。
五、课堂设计理念本节课着力体现以下几个方面:1、突出问题的应用意识。在各个环节的安排上都设计成一个个问题,使学生能围绕问题展开讨思考、讨论,进行学习。2、体现学生的主体意识。让学生通过列算式与列方程的比较,分别归纳出它们的特点,从而感受到从算术方法到代数方法是数学的进步;让学生通过合作交流,得出问题的不同解法;让学生对一节课的学习内容、方法、注意点等进行归纳。3、体现学生思维的层次性。教师首先引导学生尝试用算术方法解决问题,然后再引导学生列出含未知数的式了,寻找相等关系列出方程,在寻找相等关系、设未知数及作业的布置等环节中都注意了学生思维的层次性。4、渗透建模思想。把实际问题中的数量关系用方程形式表示出来,就是建立一种数学模型,教师有意识地按设未知数、列方程等步骤组织学生学习,就是培养学生由实际问题抽象出方程模型的能力。
通过有针对性的练习,巩固所学,拓展知识,形成应用能力。本环节主要是针对学生对本节内容的掌握程度进行检测反馈。学生在经过自学、置疑、解疑、教师点拨后作一套本节的检测题。做完后,教师或学生给出答案,并给予简单解析。教师对检测成绩做以简单的统计,了解本节课的学习效果。检测题必须精心设计与安排,因为学生在做经过精心安排的检测题时,不仅在积极地掌握数学知识,而且能获得进行创造性思维的能力。要充分发挥检测题的功能,设计检测题时应由浅入深、难易适当、逐步提高、突出重点与关键、注意题型的搭配。在试题设计上,应将知识、素质、能力的考查统一起来,既有知识性、分析性题目,又有应用性、直觉形象性题目。提高创新性题型的比重和难度,少问“是什么”,多问“为什么”、“对某些问题,你以为如何”等,增强答案的发散性。
Step 3 (3b)First, tell the students when we talk about our future plans, we often use: I’m+verb+ing When we talk about what we must do, we use have to. Ask the students to fill in the blanks in 3b. The answers are: shopping, go to see, a test, I’m going, my family. Step 4 (3c)Let the students write an e-mail message to a friend. Say why you can’t visit next. Before the exercise, ask the students to give some possible answers and write them on the blackboard. So the students will feel easy to finish the writing exercise. After they finish it, Let them to correct it in groups first. Each group chooses theirs best one to read in front of the whole class. Step 5 ( planning a party )First read the conversation in the box together. Then ask the students to turn to page 88.Write down everything you have to do next week. Write in all the things you have to do . Ask the students to look at the list. Ask them “What day are you free?” This is when you can have your party. Step 6 (Self check 1 )Let the students to fill in the blanks with the words given. Change the forms of the words if possible. Then make their own sentences. The answers are: visit, playing, have to, study, comeStep 7 (Self check 2)Imagine you are Marie. Read the information and look at your schedule. Write replies to the invitation.
1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接着,……最后,……这是英语中表达做某事的步骤的一种说法。如果步骤较多,还可以说:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你会听到说英语国家的人在说 first, next, then, finally 和后面的内容时,他们会做一些停顿。这样就能提前告诉听者接下来讲的是一系列的步骤。这一点在朗读和听力中应特别注意。2. how many, how much均为疑问词,同是“多少”,但用法不同。请看:how many修饰可数名词复数,how much修饰不可数名词。但在用法上,同学们常犯如下错误:1) [误] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容词,常修饰名词作定语,故后面跟名词。2) [误]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。how many与how much的区别可简记为:前how many:问“多少”,复数名词后面跑;how much问“多少”,不可数名词单数好。前者答语用基数词,后者答语用数量关系。
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
一、 教学内容Section A 1a----1c二、 教学目标1.学习词汇do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教学准备 学生预习本单元所有的词汇多媒体课件 活动表 奖品四、 教学过程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看动画片段《灰姑娘》导如入本课话题和新词汇“chores”美丽善良的鬼姑娘因继母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家务。片段的主题使学生联想到本课的话题。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看图学习动词词组do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目标语Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…how far from school she lives.…how long it takes to get to school.…how she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽车站 transportation n. 运送;运输Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 现在进行时表示将来计划或行动. 4. 特殊疑问句(where , when , how long引导) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人称练习对话.
教学目标1.知识目标:(1)学习What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)学会用英语描述有关职业的表达法。2.能力目标:(1)能够谈论为实现理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能够谈论未来自己与他人理想的职业及原因。(3)能用英语描述课余时间的活动安排,最终具备表达综合信息的能力。3.情感目标:新学期到来之际,让他们在学习、体育、饮食、特长、读书等方面制定计划,教育学生合理安排自己的课外生活,思考自己的理想职业及适合自己的职业。教学重点、难点本单元的重点为“be going to”表将来,want to be, what,where, when,how引导的特殊疑问句。难点是语言目标的实现。教材分析本单元以I am going to be a basketball player为话题,共设计了三部分的内容:一、Section A该部分有4个模块。第一模块围绕Do you think these jobs are interesting?这一话题展开思维(1a)、听力(1b)、口语(1c)训练;
1 交通工具的比较此活动为小组活动。学生通过讨论找出到达某一城市可乘坐的各种交通工具,并选择最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建议:(1)学生以小组为单位展开活动,谈论本组所选择的交通工具。(2)各组选代表向全班汇报,阐述本组所选择的交通工具的利和弊。完成任务所需要的语言结构:We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪个城市更合适?此活动具有挑战性。假设中国要举行2014年世界杯足球赛,分别从历史,人文,天气等方面对各城市(北京,大连,上海,昆明)进行比较,选择最佳举办城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
教学重点和难点:运用所掌握的语言描述,比较不同地点的特点。在练习中学习掌握英语比较级和最高级的用法。课前准备分配小组,每组五至六人。通过上网或翻阅报刊杂志等方法,确定旅游线路,做出基本的旅游计划。教学设计:本节课流程图 学法指导:1.由于这是一堂新课,在教学中应注意面向全体,发挥学生的主体性,引导学生积极参与,激发学生的求知欲和学习积极性,指导学生积极思维,主动获取知识,养成良好的学习方法。逐步学会独立解决问题。总之要尽可能调动学生的非智力因素促进智力因素的发展。教法选择:1.电化教学法2.课堂讨论法3.任务型教学法采用这些方法的目的是为了充分调动学生的学习积极性,使学生变被动学习为主动学习。通过电脑形象的演示,加强印象,提高兴趣,突破难点,提高教学效率,进而增大教学的容量和信息量。充分体现教师为主导,学生为主体的教学原则。
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words这一步是用于热身的,同时也可以让他们复习一部分的表示人体部位的单词,扩充知识.学习语言的过程也是一个不断积累的过程,复习旧知识,增添新知识.通过小游戏,强化学生对Does she/he have…这个句子的运用能力.通过复习,自然的引到下面新知识的学习。充分利用表格,由句子到对话,再到文章,让学生循序渐进. 提高学生的综合语言运用能力,运用以前学过的知识来解决身边的问题.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教学内容与分析:
二、教学 1a,1b.1.First the teacher asks the students what kind of fruit food and drink you like the best and writes down on the blackboard.教师问学生最喜欢什么水果和饮料并把它们写在黑板上。比如:potato chips,ice cream,tea,lemon,chocolate,oranges,salad,popcorn,pickle and so on.2.接着叫学生表达以上食物的味道,引出新单词——sweet,crispy,salty,sour,delicious,hot,awful,nice…并且完成lb教学内容通过此活动,以旧带新引入新单词。其目的是让学生自主学习新知识。 三、教学 2a,2b1.首先,听力前的brainstormFirst,Let students describe how potato chips taste and describe how helpful the potato chips.Then,ask:When and where were potato chips invented?Who were potato chips invented by?How were potato chips invented?(Let students guess according to the following key words.)Key words:by accident,customer,restaurant,by mistake.(说明:通过问题让学生对对话内容有整体了解,为听力练习做好准备;又培养学生的注意力,想像力,观察力。)
教学目标:1.学习现在完成时。2.学already和yet用法。3. 能够运用所学知识,谈论或询问最近已经发生的事情语言功能:能够运用所学知识,谈论或询问最近已经发生的语言结构:现在完成时态、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时语言目标:Have you watered the plants yet?No, I haven’t.Have you fed the cat?No, I haven’t fed her yet.I have to do my homework. I started about an hour ago, but I haven’t finished. I will visit Hong Kong next year.重点词汇及短语:water, wood, farm, ocean, hit, appear, turn, government, thousands of, southern, villager, strongly, step, clean out, some day, be off, so far, go for walks, thanks to, look forward to学习策略与思维技巧:引导、合作跨学科学习:历史知识、文化学习教学重点:现在完成时态的构成及应用教学难点:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 学习方式:自主、合作学习 情感目标: 教育学生做事情要有条理,养成“今日事,今日毕”的好习惯。培养学生养成反省的好习惯。增强学生做事的条理性及计划性。课前任务:记录和查找自己和别人已做过或仍没做的事情。
大家请看,钟面上现在表示的是几时?(下午1时)下午1时我们还可以怎样表示?(13时)下午1时就是13时,你是怎么想到用13时表示的?在一日内,由于第一圈走了12小时,所以时针在走第二圈时,我们就要把时针指的钟面上的时刻数分别加上12,这就是我们今天要学习的24时记时法。比如,现在钟面上是下午1时,根据24时记时法就应该是?(13时)。那么下午2时、3时、6时、晚上7时30分、9时50分用24时计时法怎样表示?你是怎样想的?(继续看画面。)这时,同学们又开始了下午的学习生活。16时,同学们结束了一天的学习,回到了家中。时间一晃就到了21时,也就是我们常说的夜间九点。这时我们又该上床休息了。时间一分一秒地过去了,又是午夜12点,夜深人静,一天又过去了。这种用0时到24时来表示一天时间的记时方法我们就把它叫做24时记时法。师小结:同学们,一天的时间很快就会过去,我们要珍惜时间,合理地安排好一天的作息时间。4、观察钟面:你发现了什么?(同一指针可以表示晚上12时、0时、24时。)抽几个时间板书。观察普通计时法和24时计时法,发现他们有什么区别呢?同桌之间互相交流一下。
(3)教师在黑板上话好直线,在相应的点上用小图片代表大树和学生,在问怎样用数表示这些学生和大树的相对位置关系?(让学生把直线上的点和正负数对应起来。(4)学生回答,教师在相应点的下方标出对应的数,再让学生说说直线上其他几个点代表的数,让学生对数轴上的点表示的正负数形成相对完整的认识。(5)总结:我们可以像这样在直线上表示出正数、0和负数,像这样的直线我们叫数轴。(6)引导学生观察:A、从0起往右依次是?从0起往左依次是?你发现什么规律?B、在数轴上分别找到1.5和-1.5对应的点。如果从起点分别到.5和-1.5处,应如何运动?(7)练习:做一做的第1、2题。(二)教学例4:1、出示未来一周的天气情况,让学生把未来一周每天的最低气温在数轴上表示出来,并比较他们的大小。
教学目标:1、会用多得多、少得多、多一些、少一些等词语形象地描述两个100以内的数之间的大小关系,培养学生的数感和语言表达能力。2、在观察、比较的过程中,逐步发展估计意识和简单的推理能力。3、在观察、操作、讨论、交流的小组式的学习过程中激发学生的学习兴趣,培养合作意识和主动探求知识的能力,从而感知数学无处不在。教学重点:理解多一些、多得多、少一些、少得多的相对性含义,并能够用准确地语言进行表述。教学难点:相对性的理解并能进行正确地表述。教学过程:一、复习旧知。在O里填上>、<或=。63O7558O5898O10056O65先填空再说出比较方法。(复习旧知。)
教学内容:复习100以内的数。(教材第98页第1~4题。)教学目标:(1) 认识计数单位“一”和“十”,理解个位、十位上的数所表示的意义,能够熟练地数100以内的数,会正确读写100以内的数,掌握100以内数的组成。(2) 掌握100以内数的顺序,会比较100以内数的大小。会用100以内的数来表达和交流。(3) 在复习过程中,感受100以内数的应用意义,感受数学与生活的密切联系。教学重点:会读写100以内的数,并能进行简单数的大小比较。教学难点:数位顺序及数位上数的意义。教学准备;计数器。教学过程:一、复习数位出示计数器。(1) 计数器从右边数起,第一位是什么位?第二位是什么位?第三位是什么位?个位上的一颗珠子表示几个几?十位上的1颗珠子表示几个几?百位上1颗珠子表示几个几?(课件演示)(2) 为什么都是1颗珠子,所表示的数不同呢?(3) 10个一是多少?10个十是多少?100里面有几个一?
教学内容:书上第84页公顷、平方千米教学目标:1、让学生知道公顷、平方千米是更大的面积单位,了解1公顷、1平方千米的实际大小。2、知道1公顷=10000平方米,1平方千米=100公顷。3、培养学生的空间观察和动手操作能力,培养学生的爱国主义情感。教学重点:使学生了解1公顷、1平方千米的大小。掌握土地面积单位间的进率。教学难点:建立1公顷及1平方千米的实际概念,能区分两个单位。教学准备:课件教学过程:一、巩固旧知,作好铺垫。1、常用的面积单位有哪些?2、用打手势表示一下1平方厘米、1平方分米、1平方米的大小。3、填写正确的面积单位:指甲的面数学书本的封面黑板的面二、引入:同学们,我们一起来看看体育场的图片,你们有什么感想?出示:(体育场太大了)那还能用我们前面学过的面积单位进行测量吗?这就是我们今天要学的比平方米更大的面积单位:公顷和平方千米。(出示课题:公顷、平方千米)三、新授1、通常我们在测量土地面积时,要用到更大的面积单位,公顷和平方千米。它们到底有多大呢?这节课我们就来了解一下。
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