《匀速圆周运动》为高中物理必修2第五章第4节.它是学生在充分掌握了曲线运动的规律和曲线运动问题的处理方法后,接触到的又一个美丽的曲线运动,本节内容作为该章节的重要部分,主要要向学生介绍描述圆周运动的几个基本概念,为后继的学习打下一个良好的基础。人教版教材有一个的特点就是以实验事实为基础,让学生得出感性认识,再通过理论分析总结出规律,从而形成理性认识。教科书在列举了生活中了一些圆周运动情景后,通过观察自行车大齿轮、小齿轮、后轮的关联转动,提出了描述圆周运动的物体运动快慢的问题。二、教学目标1.知识与技能①知道什么是圆周运动、什么是匀速圆周运动。理解线速度的概念;理解角速度和周期的概念,会用它们的公式进行计算。②理解线速度、角速度、周期之间的关系:v=rω=2πr/T。③理解匀速圆周运动是变速运动。④能够用匀速圆周运动的有关公式分析和解决具体情景中的问题。
1.主持人致开幕词。2.参赛选手按时到场、抽签。3.主持人介绍比赛规则和评分细则。(1)分年级比赛,各年级同时进行,并根据相同的评分标准来评奖。(2)比赛规则:①参赛选手须使用普通话,尽可能脱稿朗诵,并富有感情色彩,辅以丰富的肢体语言;②每位选手比赛时间限定在3-5分钟,如果超时或不足,评委将适当扣分;③比赛顺序由抽签决定,中途不得变更顺序,比赛需紧凑进行,选手上场迟到2分钟以上则视为弃权;④参赛选手须严格遵守比赛规则,在比赛过程中若有异议,由评委会裁定。4.主持人报幕,请选手上台朗诵。5.比赛结束后,邀请评委上台发言,工作人员进行统分。6.主持人宣布比赛结果,请嘉宾为获奖者颁奖。7.主持人宣布本次比赛结束,请嘉宾和评委退场。四、课后巩固,布置作业1.布置学生课后搜集艾青的一篇经典的、适合个人朗诵的诗歌,在课下作朗诵练习。
我认为这首诗,一共三节,每节句数、字数相当,结构工整,符合建筑美的特点,同时也使诗歌具有了节奏感;另外这首诗音韵和谐,朗朗上口。我认为这首诗相同句式回环往复,给人留下深刻印象。我认为此诗语言犹如清水出芙蓉,清丽淡雅,营造了唯美纯净的世界。…………师:节奏把握这一技巧相对比较简单,大家的创作和点评都很有水准,很好。希望大家在以后课余的诗歌创作中能兼顾到我们现在所谈的技巧。【设计意图】讲诗歌的创作技巧,既要讲出最关键的技巧,也要结合实例,让讲解深入浅出,让学生在理解的同时加以训练,使学生能够加深对知识点的理解。三、课内演练,巩固技法 学习本节课的技法之后,请大家写一首诗或一个诗歌片段,要求运用本节课所讲的诗歌写作技巧。(学生思考创作并展示)
1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接着,……最后,……这是英语中表达做某事的步骤的一种说法。如果步骤较多,还可以说:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你会听到说英语国家的人在说 first, next, then, finally 和后面的内容时,他们会做一些停顿。这样就能提前告诉听者接下来讲的是一系列的步骤。这一点在朗读和听力中应特别注意。2. how many, how much均为疑问词,同是“多少”,但用法不同。请看:how many修饰可数名词复数,how much修饰不可数名词。但在用法上,同学们常犯如下错误:1) [误] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容词,常修饰名词作定语,故后面跟名词。2) [误]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。how many与how much的区别可简记为:前how many:问“多少”,复数名词后面跑;how much问“多少”,不可数名词单数好。前者答语用基数词,后者答语用数量关系。
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…how far from school she lives.…how long it takes to get to school.…how she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽车站 transportation n. 运送;运输Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 现在进行时表示将来计划或行动. 4. 特殊疑问句(where , when , how long引导) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人称练习对话.
1 交通工具的比较此活动为小组活动。学生通过讨论找出到达某一城市可乘坐的各种交通工具,并选择最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建议:(1)学生以小组为单位展开活动,谈论本组所选择的交通工具。(2)各组选代表向全班汇报,阐述本组所选择的交通工具的利和弊。完成任务所需要的语言结构:We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪个城市更合适?此活动具有挑战性。假设中国要举行2014年世界杯足球赛,分别从历史,人文,天气等方面对各城市(北京,大连,上海,昆明)进行比较,选择最佳举办城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words这一步是用于热身的,同时也可以让他们复习一部分的表示人体部位的单词,扩充知识.学习语言的过程也是一个不断积累的过程,复习旧知识,增添新知识.通过小游戏,强化学生对Does she/he have…这个句子的运用能力.通过复习,自然的引到下面新知识的学习。充分利用表格,由句子到对话,再到文章,让学生循序渐进. 提高学生的综合语言运用能力,运用以前学过的知识来解决身边的问题.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教学内容与分析:
Step 1 Greeting Greet the class and check the homeworkStep 2 A duty report The S on duty gives a report on the rules in his home and lead in 3a “Sun Fei’s and Wu Yu’s rules” Step 3 ReadingSs read the conversation and write the two girls’ rules in the chart. Check the answers.Get Ss to read after the tape and then read aloud by themselves. Then, T explains the language points.Step 4 Pairwork 3bRole play. Use the information in chart to practice with the conversation in 3a covered. They can look at the sample conversation in the right box.Step 5 Task 2 “Who’s the best reporter?”Make a survey by asking any 5 students the questions in the chart in activity 4. Then give out a report about it. See who is the best reporter? And the best reporter will get a nice ball-pen.Step 6 Summary and homework:Write out the report in your exercise-books.Period ThreeStep 1 Greeting and a duty reportThe S gives a duty report talking about his experience of being late for school. Lead in the question “Do you ever get to school late? How often do you get to school late? Always, usually, sometimes, or never?Step 2 1a Get Ss to finish writing.Step 3 Pairwork 1b Get Ss to talk about their answers with their partners using the sample conversation in the box on the right.Step 4 Listening practice2a Lead-in: What will happen if you get to school late? What about Peter? Let’s listen to a conversation between Peter and his father. Get Ss to finish 2a (As usual, for the first time, Ss only listen.) Check the answers.
内容提示本单元主要内容是学会利用verb十by/with gerund表示方式方法来讨论学习英语的策略,认识自己在学习方面的长处和不足。初步了解现在完成时的结构和用法。现在完成时由助动词have/has+动词的过去分词构成,主要表示过去发生的某一动作对现在仍有影响或造成的后果,常与already,yet,just,ever,never等副词连用。教学目标一、学习目标(Language Goal) 1. Talk about how to study . 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法。 二、语言结构(Language Structures) 1. Verb + by with gerund by+动名词短语 表示“通过…途径,方法” 2. How questions have引导的特殊疑问句 三、目标语言(Target Language) 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎样准备考试的?Well , I study by working with my classmates. 哦,我和同学们一起学习。2. Have you ever studied with a group ? 你曾经参加过学习小组吗?Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way . 是的,参加过。通过这种方式我学了许多。
教学重点和难点:运用所掌握的语言描述,比较不同地点的特点。在练习中学习掌握英语比较级和最高级的用法。课前准备分配小组,每组五至六人。通过上网或翻阅报刊杂志等方法,确定旅游线路,做出基本的旅游计划。教学设计:本节课流程图 学法指导:1.由于这是一堂新课,在教学中应注意面向全体,发挥学生的主体性,引导学生积极参与,激发学生的求知欲和学习积极性,指导学生积极思维,主动获取知识,养成良好的学习方法。逐步学会独立解决问题。总之要尽可能调动学生的非智力因素促进智力因素的发展。教法选择:1.电化教学法2.课堂讨论法3.任务型教学法采用这些方法的目的是为了充分调动学生的学习积极性,使学生变被动学习为主动学习。通过电脑形象的演示,加强印象,提高兴趣,突破难点,提高教学效率,进而增大教学的容量和信息量。充分体现教师为主导,学生为主体的教学原则。
The First PeriodⅠ.Teaching Aims and DemandsKnowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site(2) Target LanguageWhere would you like to go on vacation?I’d like to trek through the jungle, because I like exciting vacations.2. Ability Objects(1)Train students to talk about places they would like to visit with the target language.(2)Train students to describe vacations with different adjectives.(3)Train students' listening skill.3. Moral Object,It′s more interesting to go on vacating somewhere instead of staying at home.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points1. Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site2. Target LanguageTalk about different places with the target language.Ⅲ. Teaching Difficult Points1. Describe vacations with different adjectives.2. Talk about different places with the target language.Ⅳ. Teaching Methods1. Teaching by illumination2. Teaching by doing chain drills3. Teaching by pairworkⅤ. Teaching Aids1. A tape recorder2. Some pictures of different places with famous views
①平动的物体一般可以看作质点做平动的物体,由于物体上各点的运动情况相同,可以用一个点代表整个物体的运动,在这种情况下,物体的大小、形状就无关紧要了,可以把整个物体当质点。例如:平直公路上行驶的汽车,车身上各部分的运动情况相同,当我们把汽车作为一个整体来研究它的运动的时候,就可以把汽车当作质点。当然,假如我们需要研究汽车轮胎的运动,由于轮胎上各部分运动情况不相同,那就不能把它看作质点了。要注意的是:同一物体在不同情况下有时可看质点,有时不可以看作质点,一列火车从北京开到上海,研究火车的运行的时间,可将火车看成质点,而火车过桥时,计算火车过桥的时间,不可以将火车看成质点。②有转动但转动为次要因素例如:研究地球公转时,可把地球看作质点;研究地球自转时,不能把地球看作质点。③物体的形状、大小可忽略再如:乒乓球旋转对球的运动的较大的影响,运动员在发球、击球时都要考虑,就不能把乒乓球简单看作质点。
(一)知识与技能1.理解重力势能的概念,会用重力势能的定义进行计算。2.理解重力势能的变化和重力做功的关系,知道重力做功与路径无关。3.知道重力势能的相对性,知道重力势能是物体和地球系统共有的(二)过程与方法:用所学功的概念推导重力做功与路径的关系,亲身感受知识的建立过程(三)情感、态度与价值观1.渗透从对生活中有关物理现象的观察,得到物理结论的方法,激发和培养学生探索自然规律的兴趣.2.培养学生遵守社会公德,防止高空坠物。【教学重点】重力势能的概念及重力做功跟物体重力势能改变的关系。【教学难点】重力势能的系统性和相对性。【教学方法】启发、引导、讲练结合【教学过程】一、新课引入有句话是“搬起石头砸自己的脚”,从物理的角度看待这一问题,搬起的石头有了做功的本领,它就具有了能,这种能我们称为重力势能。我们今天就来学习重力势能。二、新课教学
(给出仪器后先让学生思考如何设计实验、安装仪器、设计实验步骤,而后教师总结)实验步骤如下:①安装调整斜槽 :用图钉把白纸钉在竖直板上,在木板的左上角固定斜槽。②调整木板 :用悬挂在槽口的重锤线把木板调整到竖直方向,并使木板平面与小球下落的竖直面平行,然后把重锤线方向记录到钉在木板上的白纸上,固定木板,使在重复实验的过程中,木板与斜槽的相对位置保持不变。③确定坐标原点:把小球放在槽口处,用铅笔记下小球在槽口时球心在木板上的水平投影点O,O即为坐标原点。④描绘运动轨迹 :用铅笔的笔尖轻轻地靠在木板的平面上,不断调整笔尖的位置,使从斜槽上滚下的小球正好碰到笔尖,然后就用铅笔在该处白纸上点上一个黑点,这就记下了小球球心所对应的位置。保证小球每次从槽上开始滚下的位置都相同,用同样的方法可找出小球平抛轨迹上的一系列位置。取下白纸,描绘小球做平抛运动的轨迹。
教学重点1.自由落体运动的概念及探究自由落体运动的过程。2.掌握自由落体运动规律,并能运用其解决实际问题。教学难点演示实验和探究实验的技巧及自由落体运动规律的得出.教学过程设计思想:1、 先用游戏激发学生学习兴趣,顺理成章地研究落体运动;2、 通过演示实验让学生自己总结出物体下落快慢不同的主要原因是空气阻力,从而猜想若没有空气阻力会怎样;3、 用牛顿管实验验证猜想,引入了新的理想运动模型:自由落体运动。讲述1971年宇航员做的实验,加深印象;4、 了解地球表面物体下落运动近似成自由落体运动的条件;5、 着手研究自由落体运动的规律,利用打点计时器进行研究,得到结论;6、 总结自由落体运动特点及重力加速度;7、 应用训练
演示实验1、将一张纸和一张金属片在同一高度同时释放,结果金属片先着地。教师不发表意见,继续做实验。分别将实验内容和实验结果板书在黑板上。2、将刚才的纸片紧紧捏成一团,再次与硬币同时释放,结果两者几乎同时落地。3、将两个完全一样的纸片,一个捏成团,一个平展,则纸团下落快。师:物体下落快慢是由质量决定吗?生:不是的!师:为什么这样说?生:第2个实验和第三实验都说明了这个问题,特别是第3个问题,质量一样却下落有快慢之分。师:那你现在觉得物体下落快慢由什么因素决定呢?生:我想应该是空气阻力。猜想师:如果影响物体下落快慢的因素是空气阻力,那么在没有空气阻力,物体的下落快慢应该是一样的,这种猜想是不是正确呢?我们来做一个实验验证一下。
(创设实例:多媒体播放视频刘翔的110m栏。)1.提出问题:怎样定量(准确)人描述车或刘翔所在的位置?2.提示:你的描述必须能反映物体(或人)的运动特点(直线)、运动方向、各点之间的距离等因素。3.总结:①为了定量地描述物体的位置及位置的变化,需要在参考系上建立适当的坐标系。坐标系是在参考系的基础上抽象出来的概念,是抽象化的参考系。为了定量地描述物体的位置及位置的变化需要在参考系上建立适当的坐标系,如果物体在一维空间运动,即沿一条直线运动,只需建立直线坐标系,就能准确表达物体的位置;如果物体在二维空间运动,即在同一平面运动,就需要建立平面直角坐标系来描述物体的位置;当物体在三维空间运动时,则需要建立三维坐标系。①一维坐标:描述物体在一条直线上运动,即物体做一维运动时,可以以这条直线为x轴,在直线上规定原点、正方向和单位长度,建立直线坐标系。如图1-1-1所示,若某一物体运动到A点,此时它的位置坐标XA=3m,若它运动到B点,则此时它的坐标XB=-2m(“-”表示沿X轴负方向)。
阅读教材后总结:是万有引力的作用把宇宙中的恒星和行星聚集在一起,组成了太阳系、银河系和其他星系.力的相互作用遍布我们周围的一切物体.除此之外还有电荷间的相互作用、磁体间的相互作用,我们把这种力称为电磁相互作用.【思考与讨论】质子带正电,但质子(与中子一起)却能聚集在一起构成原子核.你能推测是什么力的作用结果吗?攻略一:阅读教材53页,师生共同讨论、总结.攻略二:网络搜索或工具书查阅“四种基本相互作用”,进一步了解概念.结论:决定物质的结构和变化过程的基本的相互作用.近代物理确认各种物质之间的基本的相互作用可归结为四种:引力相互作用、电磁相互作用、弱相互作用和强相互作用.近代物理的观点倾向于认为:四种基本相互作用是统一的,物理学家们正在为建立大统一理论而努力.但至今也没有公认的结论,望同学们好好学习,为科学事业奉献自己的聪明和才智.
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