对于离散型随机变量,可以由它的概率分布列确定与该随机变量相关事件的概率。但在实际问题中,有时我们更感兴趣的是随机变量的某些数字特征。例如,要了解某班同学在一次数学测验中的总体水平,很重要的是看平均分;要了解某班同学数学成绩是否“两极分化”则需要考察这个班数学成绩的方差。我们还常常希望直接通过数字来反映随机变量的某个方面的特征,最常用的有期望与方差.二、 探究新知探究1.甲乙两名射箭运动员射中目标靶的环数的分布列如下表所示:如何比较他们射箭水平的高低呢?环数X 7 8 9 10甲射中的概率 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4乙射中的概率 0.15 0.25 0.4 0.2类似两组数据的比较,首先比较击中的平均环数,如果平均环数相等,再看稳定性.假设甲射箭n次,射中7环、8环、9环和10环的频率分别为:甲n次射箭射中的平均环数当n足够大时,频率稳定于概率,所以x稳定于7×0.1+8×0.2+9×0.3+10×0.4=9.即甲射中平均环数的稳定值(理论平均值)为9,这个平均值的大小可以反映甲运动员的射箭水平.同理,乙射中环数的平均值为7×0.15+8×0.25+9×0.4+10×0.2=8.65.
1.对称性与首末两端“等距离”的两个二项式系数相等,即C_n^m=C_n^(n"-" m).2.增减性与最大值 当k(n+1)/2时,C_n^k随k的增加而减小.当n是偶数时,中间的一项C_n^(n/2)取得最大值;当n是奇数时,中间的两项C_n^((n"-" 1)/2) 与C_n^((n+1)/2)相等,且同时取得最大值.探究2.已知(1+x)^n =C_n^0+C_n^1 x+...〖+C〗_n^k x^k+...+C_n^n x^n 3.各二项式系数的和C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2+…+C_n^n=2n.令x=1 得(1+1)^n=C_n^0+C_n^1 +...+C_n^n=2^n所以,(a+b)^n 的展开式的各二项式系数之和为2^n1. 在(a+b)8的展开式中,二项式系数最大的项为 ,在(a+b)9的展开式中,二项式系数最大的项为 . 解析:因为(a+b)8的展开式中有9项,所以中间一项的二项式系数最大,该项为C_8^4a4b4=70a4b4.因为(a+b)9的展开式中有10项,所以中间两项的二项式系数最大,这两项分别为C_9^4a5b4=126a5b4,C_9^5a4b5=126a4b5.答案:1.70a4b4 126a5b4与126a4b5 2. A=C_n^0+C_n^2+C_n^4+…与B=C_n^1+C_n^3+C_n^5+…的大小关系是( )A.A>B B.A=B C.A<B D.不确定 解析:∵(1+1)n=C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2+…+C_n^n=2n,(1-1)n=C_n^0-C_n^1+C_n^2-…+(-1)nC_n^n=0,∴C_n^0+C_n^2+C_n^4+…=C_n^1+C_n^3+C_n^5+…=2n-1,即A=B.答案:B
1.确定研究对象,明确哪个是解释变量,哪个是响应变量;2.由经验确定非线性经验回归方程的模型;3.通过变换,将非线性经验回归模型转化为线性经验回归模型;4.按照公式计算经验回归方程中的参数,得到经验回归方程;5.消去新元,得到非线性经验回归方程;6.得出结果后分析残差图是否有异常 .跟踪训练1.一只药用昆虫的产卵数y与一定范围内的温度x有关,现收集了6组观测数据列于表中: 经计算得: 线性回归残差的平方和: ∑_(i=1)^6?〖(y_i-(y_i ) ?)〗^2=236,64,e^8.0605≈3167.其中 分别为观测数据中的温度和产卵数,i=1,2,3,4,5,6.(1)若用线性回归模型拟合,求y关于x的回归方程 (精确到0.1);(2)若用非线性回归模型拟合,求得y关于x回归方程为 且相关指数R2=0.9522. ①试与(1)中的线性回归模型相比较,用R2说明哪种模型的拟合效果更好 ?②用拟合效果好的模型预测温度为35℃时该种药用昆虫的产卵数.(结果取整数).
同学们:生活中什么最重要?安全。童年中什么最重要?安全。只有保证我们生命和生活的安全,一切才有意义就在全国第九个中小学生安全教育日前后,全国发生了多起安全事故。 XX年2月8日晚,湖北省红岩中学学生宿舍发生火灾,烧毁房屋三间、床铺、被褥等物品,损失 万余元;XX年3月25日,安徽省太和县坟台中学和坟台小学联合举办法制报告会,学生在上厕所时,由于人多拥挤,导致墙体倒塌,致使1名学生死亡,1名学生被砸伤;XX年3月27日,湖南省益阳市安化县发生了一起车辆违章行驶,车速过快,在道路拐变处发生翻车,30名受伤乘客中有12名中、小学生;XX年3月28日,我省张家港市梁丰中学组织学生春游,在返回途中发生重大道路交通事故,造成9人死亡,24人受伤;XX年3月29日,我省南通市如东县双甸高级中学因食用不卫生的食物37名同学中毒。在看我们学校,由于少数同学在课间乱跑、打斗,同学之间发生相撞、摔伤等安全事故也曾发生不少。就在上个月永福小学一个一年级小朋友,自己摔了一跤,摔断了骨头,目前还在医院。同学们听了上述一笔笔血的教训后,不知道你们想了什么。我想,同学们至少会想到:这些教训无论发生在谁的身上会给受害者人身造成伤害、甚至死亡;会给受害者家庭造成极大的损失
同学们:生活中什么最重要?安全。童年中什么最重要?安全。只有保证我们生命和生活的安全,一切才有意义就在全国第九个中小学生安全教育日前后,全国发生了多起安全事故。XX年2月8日晚,湖北省红岩中学学生宿舍发生火灾,烧毁房屋三间、床铺、被褥等物品,损失1.5万余元;XX年3月25日,安徽省太和县坟台中学和坟台小学联合举办法制报告会,学生在上厕所时,由于人多拥挤,导致墙体倒塌,致使1名学生死亡,1名学生被砸伤;XX年3月27日,湖南省益阳市安化县发生了一起车辆违章行驶,车速过快,在道路拐变处发生翻车,30名受伤乘客中有12名中、小学生;XX年3月28日,我省张家港市梁丰中学组织学生春游,在返回途中发生重大道路交通事故,造成9人死亡,24人受伤;XX年3月29日,我省南通市如东县双甸高级中学因食用不卫生的食物37名同学中毒。在看我们学校,由于少数同学在课间乱跑、打斗,同学之间发生相撞、摔伤等安全事故也曾发生不少。就在上个月永福小学一个一年级小朋友,自己摔了一跤,摔断了骨头,目前还在医院。同学们听了上述一笔笔血的教训后,不知道你们想了什么。
同学们:生活中什么最重要?安全。童年中什么最重要?安全。只有保证我们生命和生活的安全,一切才有意义就在全国第九个中小学生安全教育日前后,全国发生了多起安全事故。XX年2月8日晚,湖北省红岩中学学生宿舍发生火灾,烧毁房屋三间、床铺、被褥等物品,损失 万余元;XX年3月25日,安徽省太和县坟台中学和坟台小学联合举办法制报告会,学生在上厕所时,由于人多拥挤,导致墙体倒塌,致使1名学生死亡,1名学生被砸伤;XX年3月27日,湖南省益阳市安化县发生了一起车辆违章行驶,车速过快,在道路拐变处发生翻车,30名受伤乘客中有12名中、小学生;XX年3月28日,我省张家港市梁丰中学组织学生春游,在返回途中发生重大道路交通事故,造成9人死亡,24人受伤;XX年3月29日,我省南通市如东县双甸高级中学因食用不卫生的食物37名同学中毒。在看我们学校,由于少数同学在课间乱跑、打斗,同学之间发生相撞、摔伤等安全事故也曾发生不少。就在上个月永福小学一个一年级小朋友,自己摔了一跤,摔断了骨头,目前还在医院。同学们听了上述一笔笔血的教训后,不知道你们想了什么。我想,同学们至少会想到:这些教训无论发生在谁的身上会给受害者人身造成伤害、甚至死亡;会给受害者家庭造成极大的损失
一、说教学内容本节课的教学内容是人教版小学四年级下册数学课本第50-51页的例1和做一做,以及第55页的练习九第1-3题。这一内容,既是前面在三年级“分数的初步认识”和“小数的初步认识”的基础上的延伸,也是系统学习小数的开始。要求学生明确小数的产生和意义,小数与分数的联系,掌握小数的计数单位及相邻两个计数单位之间的进率,从而对小数的概念有更清楚的认识。教材中简要呈现了“小数产生的”过程,通过实际测量黑板、数学课本,使学生体会小数的产生的原因。例1,教材分三个层次编排:先通过分米数改写成米数,说明十分之几的数用一位小数来表示;再通过厘米数改写成米数,说明百分之几的数用两位小数来表示;然后通过毫米数改写成米数,说明千分之几的数用三位小数来表示。
1、说内容:百分数的意义和写法是人教版义务教育课程标准实验教科书六年级数学上册第五单元的内容。2、说教材:这部分内容是在学生学过整数、小数特别是分数的意义和应用的基础上进行教学的。百分数的意义和写法是本单元的基础,学生只有理解了百分数的意义,才能正确地运用它解决实际问题。二、学情分析:百分数对于六年级学生来说并不陌生,他们有的可能已经认识百分数,并且能够正确读出百分数,但大多数学生对百分数意义的理解还不十分准确,学生极易把百分数等同于分母是100的一般分数。因此教学中如何激活学生的相关经验,及时引导学生理解百分数和分数的联系与区别,让学生完成百分数意义的建构,显得尤为重要。三、教学目标:1、知识与技能:让学生经历从实际问题中抽象出百分数的过程,体会引入百分数的必要性,理解百分数的意义,会正确读写百分数。
为什么B和C的答案都对呢?(因为比还可以写成分数的形式,但是读还是读做几比几。)4、判断:(1)小明今年10岁,爸爸37岁,父亲和儿子的年龄比是10∶37。(2)一项工程,甲单独做要7天完成,乙单独做要5天完成,甲乙两人的工作效率比是7∶5。(3)大卡车的载重量是6吨,小卡车的载重量是3吨,大小卡车载重量的比是2。【2】第二层练习1、写出比值是2的比。【3】随机练习(看时间情况定)小明今年12岁,是六年一班学生,该班共有42个学生,小明爸爸今年38岁,在保险公司上班,每月工资1000元,年薪12000元,小明妈妈每月工资800元,年薪9600元,她所在单位有职工24人。要求:根据题目中提供的条件,寻找合适的量,说出两个数之间的比。五、课堂总结,拓展延伸。1、这节课学习了什么知识?你有什么收获?2、你能说出一些生活中的关于比的例子吗?(学生举例)
一、说教材(一)教材简析《假分数化成整数或带分数》是小学数学五年级(下册)第六单元中的内容。本节内容安排了两个例题。这部分内容是在学生掌握了假分数的意义后,进一步学习把假分数化成整数或带分数,有利于以后进行分数计算打下坚实的基础。(二)教学目标根据教材编排特点,我确定以下教学目标:1、知道带分数是假分数,是整数与真分数合成的数。2、会把假分数化成整数或带分数。3、使学生经历假分数化成整数或带分数的探索过程,进一步发展数感。4、培养良好的学习习惯,树立学好数学的信心。(三)教学重、难点会把假分数化成整数或带分数。二、说教法、学法通过这一环节的教学,把假分数化成整数或带分数时,先要让学生根据假分数的含义进行思考。在这个基础上,再启发学生根据分数与除法的关系计算出结果,并把用不同方法求得的结果进行比较,认识到每种方法都是有道理的。
密铺的历史背景1619年——数学家奇柏(J.Kepler)第一个利用正多边形铺嵌平面。1891年——苏联物理学家弗德洛夫(E.S.Fedorov)发现了十七种不同的铺砌平面的对称图案。 1924年——数学家波利亚(Polya)和尼格利(Nigeli)重新发现这个事实。最富趣味的是荷兰艺术家埃舍尔(M.C. Escher)与密铺。M.C. Escher于1898年生于荷兰。他到西班牙旅行参观时,对一种名为阿罕伯拉宫(Alhambra)的建筑有很深刻的印象,这是一种十三世纪皇宫建筑物,其墙身、地板和天花板由摩尔人建造,而且铺上了种类繁多、美轮美奂的马赛克图案。Escher 用数日复制了这些图案,并得到启发,创造了各种并不局限于几何图形的密铺图案,这些图案包括鱼、青蛙、狗、人、蜥蜴,甚至是他凭空想像的物体。他创造的艺术作品,结合了数学与艺术,给人留下深刻印象,更让人对数学产生另一种看法。
5.游戏活动:每人从信封袋中挑选一个自己最喜欢的分数卡片。(1)最简分数上讲台,和最简分数相同的分数起立。联系生活实际发散性思考。(2)从剩下的同学中找到自己的好朋友。帮最后两名同学找最简分数作朋友。判断并说明理由。按要求参加活动,综合考核学生判断最简分数和对分数进行约分的能力。创设生活情景,提供了一些现实的学习材料,把书本知识与学生的日常生活联系起来,使学生感受到数学来自生活,并不抽象;学好数学,为生活、生产服务,学数学真有价值。部分题目设计充满趣味性,把孩子拉入游戏之中,巩固本课的所有知识点。在引导学生积极观察、思考、联想、诱发学生的创新因素时,更应注意引导学生克服固定的思维模式,鼓励创造性地发现知识的规律和发表自己的独特见解。
最富趣味的是荷兰艺术家埃舍尔,他到西班牙旅行参观时,对一种名为阿罕拉的建筑物有很深的印象,这是一种十三世纪皇宫建筑物,其墙身、地板和天花板由摩尔人建造,而且铺了种类繁多、美仑美奂的马赛克图案。Escher用数日的时间复制了这些图案,并得到了启发,创造了各种并不局限于几何图案的密铺图案,这些图案包括人、青蛙、鱼、鸟、蜥蜴,甚至是他凭空想象的物体。他创作的艺术作品,结合数学与艺术,给人留下深刻的印象,更让人对数学产生了另一种看法。欣赏埃舍尔的艺术世界:2、动手创作。(小小设计师)看了大艺术家的作品,你现在是不是也有了创作的冲动?下面,请你选一种或几种完全一样的图形进行密铺,可以自己设计颜色,比一比,谁的设计更美观、更新颖。(交流,展示)四、总结:谈收获体会我们今天只是研究了一些规则图形的简单的密铺。生活中还有各种各样的密铺现象。同学们可以到生活中去观察,也可以上网浏览。
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
当孩子们由父母陪同时,他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3.过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时,相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看,整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟,我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动,她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来,但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时,可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟着两个学生,老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2.动词ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动词ing②名词所有格+动词ing③代词宾格+动词ing④名词+动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我没能按时来。His father's being ill made him worried.他父亲病了,他很担心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
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