-
2022年湖南省衡阳市中考语文真题（解析版）
钱塘湖春行白居易孤山寺北贾亭西，水面初平云脚低。几处早莺争暖树，谁家新燕啄春泥。乱花渐欲迷人眼，浅草才能没马蹄。最爱湖东行不足，绿杨阴里白沙堤。
人教版高中地理选修1第一章第一节天体和天体系统教案
【概括】天体是在不断的运动着的。运动着的天体互相吸引和互相绕转，从而形成天体系统。【板书】四、天体系统【启发】天体系统有大有小，大的天体系统又可包含许多小的天体系统。刚才同学们提到的三个天体系统之间是如何包含的呢？（银河系含太阳系，太阳系含地月系）【挂图讲解】地月系只有两个天体，地球和月球，它们之间的平均距离为384401千米；太阳系则包括太阳、九大行星、数十颗卫星及其它天体，整个太阳系的直径至少100亿千米以上；而银河系则拥有2000多亿颗太阳恒星及恒星系统，包括了我 们用肉眼能看到的所有恒星，其主体部分的直径达7万光年，太阳就处于距银河系中心2.3万光年的位置上。【讲解】银河系已如此庞大，是否 就是最大的天体系统呢？是否就是我们的宇宙呢？还远远不是。利用天文望远镜，我们可以观测到在银河系之外，还有约10亿个类似的天体系统，它们被统称为河外星系。
人教部编版语文八年级上册一着惊海天—目击我国航母舰载战斗机首架次成功着舰教案
2012年9月25日被称作辽宁舰的中国航母，是在苏联时期乌克兰黑海造船厂建造的“库兹涅佐夫元帅级”航空母舰次舰“瓦良格”号的基础上续建的。1991年12月苏联解体时，该航母已完工约70%，后来由于种种原因，俄罗斯海军取消了订单，这艘即将完工的航母被迫停产，随之报废。1998年4月，澳门创律旅游娱乐公司通过竞标，以2000万美元买下几乎拆成空壳子的“瓦良格”号航母。2005年4月“瓦良格”进入大连造船厂，由政府接管。此时的“瓦良格”只是一个锈迹斑斑的钢铁空壳，所有武器、电子系统均已被拆除或者破坏。中国海军准备在“瓦良格”的原型上进行续建，俄罗斯却不肯出让阻拦索技术，中国只能自行研制。所以，辽宁舰的改造经历了怎样的艰难历程，漫长的科技攻关之路遇到的重重障碍就可想而知了。疑难突破作为一篇新闻作品，本文是如何打动读者的？通过反复渲染、蓄势，营造训练现场的氛围，让读者透过文字感受从期待到紧张到彻底释放的心理过程，从而受到情感上的冲击。
人教部编版语文八年级下册阿西莫夫短文两篇教案
预设 示例1：“板块背上驮着许多大陆，当板块向一个或另一个方向运动时，大陆也随之一起运动。”“驮”字形象地写出了大陆漂移的样子，使抽象的理论变得生动、有趣、易懂。示例2：“位于南极中心部位的南极洲是全球的大冰箱。”运用了打比方的说明方法，形象地说明了南极洲寒冷的程度和南极洲在地球生态环境中的重要位置。 示例3：“一立方英寸被压扁的沙子比一立方英寸普通的沙子要重得多。”运用作比较的说明方法，说明同体积被压扁的沙子比普通沙子重得多的特点。【设计意图】本环节设计的三个层次的语言赏析，让学生深入文本体会、学习语言简明精练、逻辑性强、幽默风趣的特点，提高学生的语言鉴赏能力，为今后的说明文写作夯实基础。四、总结拓展，激发思维所选的两篇课文就同一对象——恐龙从不同角度思考，从而发现新的论据或得出新的结论。文章给了我们一些有益的启示：不同领域的科学发现可以互相启发，从而有新的发现；要学会从不同角度思考问题。选择下面两个探讨任务之一课外完成。
部编版语文八年级下册《阿西莫夫短文两篇》教案
第一部分（第1~4段），提出关于6500万年前恐龙灭绝的问题，目前存在的两种对立的理论，即“撞击说”和“火山说”。第2和第3自然段先后举了两个例子提出了关于“撞击说”和“火山说”这两种观点。第二部分（第5段至全文完），通过对“被压扁的沙子”的反思，证明外星撞击导致恐龙灭绝，支持“撞击说”。这部分又分四层。第一层（第5、6段），说明关于恐龙灭绝的原因不仅仅是一个学术问题，我们以后也许还会遇到这种情况，因此，科学家们一直都在努力寻找证据来验证这两种理论。第二层（第7~10段），说明1961年一位苏联科学家发现了“斯石英”，并且介绍了它的性质，为下文佐证“撞击说”奠定了基础。第三层（第11~13段），说明斯石英不仅可以在实验室制造，而且它在自然界中是可以存在的，不过它们只出现在沙子被强烈挤压的地方。由此推断撞击是可以产生斯石英的。事实也证明，火山喷发是不会产生斯石英的，从而进一步佐证了“撞击说”。
部编版语文八年级下册《口语交际：即席讲话》教案
【目标导航】1. 掌握即席发言的要领和表达技巧。2. 通过情境创设的训练，克服发言时的紧张心理，学习即席发言的快速构思方法，提高瞬时应变和即席发言能力。3. 进行即席发言的初步尝试，充分调动课堂参与的热情，培养良好的语言习惯，表现出较高的文化素养和气质风度。【课时安排】1课时自由分成学习小组，做好活动计划，分配小组成员交际任务， 围绕“即席讲话”的这个交际主题，做好本次口语交际。【新课导入】即席讲话，也叫即兴发言，是指在某个特定场合，临时受到邀请，由他人提议或自己认为有必要而作的简短讲话。【交际技巧】即席发言有三个特点：一、临场性即席发言既不能事先拟就讲稿，也不能进行试讲，它必须靠临时准备、临场发挥，因此临场性就成了即席发言最主要的特征。
人教部编版语文八年级下册口语交际即席讲话教案
预设 示例：班上分享个人读书经验大家好！既然今天是交流读书体会，那么，我想结合自己的读书体会和大家聊聊读书。一个爱读书的民族，必定是一个文化素质较高的民族;一个爱读书的人，也必定是一个文化素质较高的人。读书能开阔我们的视野，提高我们的写作水平；读书能提升自身修养，丰富我们的人生底蕴。读书是我们精神的呼吸，能让人保持平淡的心境，变得博爱而无私。为了让我们的生活和心灵变得轻盈一些，我们需要读书。那么，应该怎样读书呢?其一，要择书而读。需要的才是最适合的，读适合的书才能有良多收获。如果没有特别需要的书要读，可以读经典。经典是经过岁月沉淀下来的人类智慧的结晶，可以让我们触摸先贤的思想，以充实自身。其二，要读而有术。要对好书反复品味，将其内化吸收，然后进行批判性阅读，有自己的思想主张和拓展探究价值判断;在读书过程中与作者进行辩论，最后形成自己的思想体系，为我所用，而不是让自己的脑袋成为别人思想的“跑马场”。
在2023年集团公司“5·24”安全生产警示日活动上的讲话范文
“宁听骂声，不听哭声”。抓安全生产不能当老好人，只有对事故责任一查到底、严肃追责、决不姑息，真正让不在状态、不守规则、不懂利害的人付出应有代价，才能唤醒装睡的人反思自省，逼迫健忘的人警钟长鸣。抓安全生产是个系统工程，既要压实主体责任、抓住关键人物，也要健全责任链条，确保人人尽责。当前，要把贯彻落实国务院安委会安全生产十五条硬措施、省委省政府三十五条实施意见和国家矿山安监局二十条具体措施作为首要任务，扎实开展安全生产专项整治三年行动治本攻坚和安全生产大检查，把安全责任压实到矿井、压实到区队、压实到班组、压实到人头，通过铁腕治违、重典治乱，让矿工兄弟对幸福美好生活的向往早日实现。制止违法违规行为被骂一阵子，失职酿成事故被骂一辈子，抓安全生产、保矿工安康是行善积德之事，要理直气壮。
部编版语文八年级下册《庆祝奥林匹克运动复兴25周年》教案
2004年的雅典奥运会上，孔令辉获得冠军时忘情地亲吻胸前的国徽时，王军霞夺得金牌后激动的身披国旗绕运动场奔跑时，我们的泪水也会与领奖台上以手抚着胸前国徽高唱国歌的运动员的热泪一起落下。为了看体育比赛，我们甚至不惜守候到半夜而无怨无悔。在半夜看比赛时，我总在想：是什么让我们“为伊消得人憔悴”，为什么“总有一种力量让人泪流满面”。现在我有了答案：那是一种奥林匹克精神在激励着我们，在提升着我们。奥林匹克精神的内涵是丰富的。国际奥委会主席罗格在其就任宣言中指出：“奥林匹克的格言是更快、更高、更强。在新世纪来临的时候，或许对体育来讲需要新的格言，那就是更干净、更人性、更团结。” 奥林匹克精神让我们振奋，今天我们就来学习这篇课文《庆祝奥林匹克运动复兴25周年》。
人教部编版语文八年级下册庆祝奥林匹克运动复兴25周年教案
（3）推荐男女生代表各一位在全班进行演讲展示。 （4）围绕“讲”和“演”两方面的技巧，点评演讲效果。（生开展演讲活动，师指导）【设计意图】本环节通过集中梳理演讲技巧，并设计演讲技巧进行演讲展示，引导学生将理论知识逐步运用于具体的演讲实践中，提高学生的演讲能力。五、总结存储1.教师总结现代奥林匹克运动的创始人顾拜旦面对世界政治格局剧变的局面，以战略家的视野指出奥林匹克精神的内涵与价值，用诗歌般的语言阐述了奥林匹克平和自信的内涵，提出了奥林匹克运动的宗旨是教育，是面向大众，是促进和平、公平、公正。他激情澎湃地畅想美好前景，确信奥林匹克精神必将如阳光般普照大地。整篇演讲词站位高、格局广，语言庄重、典雅，值得我们用心体会。2.布置作业学校即将举行春季运动会，如果你被邀请在运动会的开幕式上作为学生代表发言，你将如何演讲？结合你对奥林匹克运动的精神的理解，写一篇300字左右的演讲词，并适当设计一些演讲技巧。
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Discovering useful structures教学设计
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land教学设计
当孩子们由父母陪同时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3．过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (＝If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟，我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (＝Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动，她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (＝Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来，但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (＝and was followed by two students)．后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(＝and was accompanied by his mom)．他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Learning about Language教学设计
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys： 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Reading and thinking教学设计
Step 5： After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 2 Bridging Cultures-Discovering useful structures教学设计
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 3 Food and Culture-Discovering useful structures教学设计
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.报纸报道说有一百多人在暴风雨中丧生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by、before后面接过去的时间时，主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10岁前就已经被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生产了好几吨大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引导的定语从句中，主语与谓语构成被动关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去事实相反，且主语与谓语构成被动关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一点得到他的指示，我早就完成这项任务了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快点的话，我就不会误了火车。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚会，你就会见到他的。
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Using langauge教学设计
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 3 Food and Culture-Reading and thinking教学设计
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 5 First Aid-Discovering useful structures教学设计
You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2．动词ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing，即“sb./sb.'s＋doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动词ing②名词所有格＋动词ing③代词宾格＋动词ing④名词＋动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？Excuse me for my not coming on time．很抱歉我没能按时来。His father's being ill made him worried.他父亲病了，他很担心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。
人教部编版语文八年级下册名著导读《傅雷家书》 选择性阅读教案
评价：这段话表明傅雷朋友的角色。他把孩子当成朋友，为人生得一知己而感到兴奋、自豪。在读这段话时声音应洪亮，感情应充沛。小结：我们组还发现傅雷对傅聪的称呼有很多，如聪、聪儿、孩子、亲爱的聪、亲爱的孩子。有时两个同时用，比如“聪，亲爱的孩子！”一直以来，我们都觉得父爱不善表达，可是傅雷的这些亲昵直白的称呼表达了他对傅聪的爱，是这么的温柔，如慈母一般。所以，读这些称呼时我们要读得轻柔深情些。【设计意图】这一环节不仅能展示学生的阅读成果，还能使学生感受到阅读的成就感，并在相互交流中产生更深刻的理解和感悟，在朗读和评价中体会父爱。二、感悟成长1.解读“虎爸”师：在同学们的阅读分享中，傅雷这样一个深爱儿子的父亲形象深入人心。其实，傅雷早期对傅聪的教育是很严苛的，是一个“虎爸”的形象。我们一起来看一则小故事。
