(四)深入探究,重新审视对策问题解决问题不是学习的最终目的,让学生不断体验对策的价值才是关键所在。对策的价值在哪里?设计对策的关键是什么?把问题抛给学生去思考,一方面让学生再次感受正确对策达到“以小打大”、“以弱胜强”妙处,更重要的是让学生明确设计对策的关键前提是什么?即“知己知彼,百战不殆”的数学思想,以便根据对手的变化灵活运用对策。教学步骤设计:1、学生探讨,如果齐王的下等马都比田忌的上等马快,田忌还有获胜的可能吗?2、田忌赛马第二次获胜的前提是什么?(田忌猜测道齐王安排赛马的出场顺序还和第一次一样)3、如果齐王安排赛马的出场顺序改变了,田忌该怎样才能获得胜利?(找两位同学分角色演示一下)4、回忆课前时候,老师为什么会在纸牌游戏“比大小中”屡战屡胜。
二、数数活动,认识“十万”。1、用多媒体出示课本第2页第一幅图,让学生看图数一数共有多少个?再让学生在计数器上拨一拨,并写出这个数。(说明:第一个数一数活动是使学生回顾万以内数的认识,引出“个”“十”“百”“千”的数学模型小方块和计数器。)2、用多媒体出示第二幅图,(学生:哇,好多啊!)师:你能数一数一共有多少个吗?(大部分学生会感到困难)3、运用第一个数数活动中:一个大正方体是“一千”的数学模型,指导学生用100张“一千”的卡片来代替摆一摆、数一数。4、全班交流,逐步引导出先数出一万,然后一万一万来数的方法。(说明:在课堂教学中不可能直接让学生数这么多的小方块,所以我让学生制作了100张“一千”的卡片代替来完成这第二个数一数活动,从而让学生有了“10个一万是十万”的直观体验!)
1.本课修订版教材和未修订时的教材没有变化。教材首先是复习文字题:求一个数的几分之几是多少;然后教学例1:“学校买来100千克白菜,吃了 ,吃了多少千克白菜?”这道例题本身和学生联系不紧密,题材无新意,无情趣,课后有些习题又没有紧密结合生活实际,如第16页第7题:指出下面每组中的两个数,应把谁看作单位“1”?①乙是甲 。②乙的 相当于甲。这样教材本身就难以激发学生的学习兴趣,更谈不上给学生一种自主学习的氛围。面对这种现状,我们教师就应紧紧结合《数学课程标准》,灵活地、创造性地使用教材,体现新课程理念。2.课改的基本理念是:要关注学生、关注过程、关注发展。这节课我是打破了传统的教学方式,紧密结合新课程理念精心设计的。课上学生的反应与以往大不相同。首先在课前问题情境部分,学生的反应就让我惊喜,在学生自己的见解中,居然发现了地球吸引力和月球吸引力之间的关系,这是学生创新能力的真实表现。
为什么B和C的答案都对呢?(因为比还可以写成分数的形式,但是读还是读做几比几。)4、判断:(1)小明今年10岁,爸爸37岁,父亲和儿子的年龄比是10∶37。(2)一项工程,甲单独做要7天完成,乙单独做要5天完成,甲乙两人的工作效率比是7∶5。(3)大卡车的载重量是6吨,小卡车的载重量是3吨,大小卡车载重量的比是2。【2】第二层练习1、写出比值是2的比。【3】随机练习(看时间情况定)小明今年12岁,是六年一班学生,该班共有42个学生,小明爸爸今年38岁,在保险公司上班,每月工资1000元,年薪12000元,小明妈妈每月工资800元,年薪9600元,她所在单位有职工24人。要求:根据题目中提供的条件,寻找合适的量,说出两个数之间的比。五、课堂总结,拓展延伸。1、这节课学习了什么知识?你有什么收获?2、你能说出一些生活中的关于比的例子吗?(学生举例)
多年的小学教学经验告诉我:小学高年级的学生已有一定的自学能力,关键是看我们设置的情景和学生的生活是不是紧密联系,是不是唤起了学生的已有表象,并不和使用多种媒体有绝对联系。所以在学习例题中我引导学生自主探讨,从中发现问题,提出问题,最后独立解决问题,从而训练学生数学语言表达能力,发展学生的创造性思维。⒋质疑问难。㈣新知总结对上面所学知识,教师引导学生作一次归纳总结,让学生明确要求圆周长时,必须设法求得圆的直径或半径。这样使学生对求圆周长有明确的认识,进一步深化重点。㈤新知运用国家教委加强与改进小学数学教学的意见中提出:基础训练是使学生融会贯通地掌握知识,形成熟练技能和发展智力的重要手段。所以在本节练习中我以基础练习为主,适当补充了提高练习。
2.交流讨论的结果:(老师根据学生的汇报板书)①假设都是鸡,则有8×2=16只脚,实际有26只脚多了26-16=10只脚.②一只鸡换成一只兔,就会多4-2=2只脚,所以笼子有10÷2=5只兔.③鸡就有8-5=3只.师:真是了不起,不用试也能求出鸡兔来,刚才我们是假使全是鸡,如果假使全是兔,会是怎样的情况呢?3.你还会用所学的方法解决吗?(引导学生用方程解答)4.我们已经能够用三种方法解答鸡兔同笼问题,到底对不对呢?怎样才能知道?———检验(板书)[设计意图:此环节是本课的重点,放手让学生合作探究,学生从体验、尝试到讨论、汇报,结合课件的直观演示,学生个人或集体的智慧在这里可以得到充分的展现。方程法、假设法对于大部分学生来说至少有一种方法是他自己会理解或掌握的,老师在学生汇报的过程中应机敏地倾听,机智地诱导,引导学生较为完整、准确地说明算理,特别是假设法算理,进而让全体学生在交流的过程中学会倾听、学会思考、学会解释、学会质疑,学会辩驳。]
第三层次:尝试练习让学生独立完成教材117页的第3题,个别学生板演,教师在学生完成后集体点评,强调学习的难点。第三个环节:变式练习,巩固深化练习的设计要抓基础知识与发展创新能力紧密结合起来,以达到发展思维,形成技能的目标。在此环节我设计了如下练习:1、定位练习。仿照例3出示类似的两道应用题,要求学生读题,画图,深入理解题里的数量关系,列出数量关系式。强化难点,形成技能。2、提高题:同来互相编题,互相解答。通过以上练习,促使学生将新的知识溶入到已有认知结构中,以利于更好的迁移和运用。第四个环节课堂作业反馈信息完成课本练习二十三第4-7题(三)说“诱思探究”在本节课的具体体现1、以学生为主体,教学中多次引导学生尝试练习,引导学生把旧知与新知进行对比;引导学生自主探索,亲身体验,切实把学生推向学习探索的第一线。体现了“诱思探究”对当代课堂教学的要求。
教学难点:理解整数除以分数的计算方法;二、说教法和学法为了突出重点,分散难点,让学生积极主动地参与到知识形成的过程中来。教学中采用分步探究,分步实施的原则。把整数除以分数的计算方法分两步进行探究。1.整数除以几分之一的计算方法;2.整数除以几分之几的计算方法;这样做,可以使学生通过自己的努力,小组合作交流,发现整数除以分数的计算方法。数学教学不仅是让学生获得数学的基础知识,还要教给学生学习知识的方法。培养学生的能力,发展学生的智力。教学中,让学生观察,分析,讨论引导学生寻找方法。再通过发现总结运用法则巩固知识内容。通过调动学生的积极性,不仅使学生学会了,而且会学了,会用了。从而也形成了一套良好学习方法,增强能力发展智力。
学生的学习活动是一个生动活泼而富有个性的过程,为了把学生探索的阵地从课堂延伸到课外,引导学生主动地应用所学的知识和方法解决实际问题。我又设计了以下练习题:1、脑筋乐园:学校田径运动会即将举行,你有办法帮学校在操场上画出一个半径为50米的圆吗?2、(1)应用圆的知识解释下列现象,并写出来。为什么井盖也得做成圆形的?人们在围观的时,为什么会自然地围成圆形?(2)搜集有关圆的资料。贴到教室的数学角上,大家共享。3、画出各种大小、不同颜色的圆,组合出一幅美丽的图画。(设计意图)将学生探索的阵地从课堂延伸到课外,引导学生主动地应用所学知识和方法解决实际问题。(我认为把本句提前,这里删去,这样显得更连贯)(五)全课总结1、让学生谈收获,进行自我评价。2、我对整节课进行知识要点归纳和对学生学习情况进行评价。(这样总结,我注重学生的自我评价,自我体验和个性发展。即学生情感的体验和收获)(我认为蓝色字那句可删去)
(1)猜想设疑。组织学生进行游戏实践,结果可能是选择和少的那队赢了。为什么选择和多的那队没胜,选择和少的那队却胜了呢?这里面又藏着什么奥秘呢?“猜想”是有方向的猜测和判断,是学生有效学习的良好准备。这里通过引导学生大胆猜测,由猜测结果与实际结果不同而引发学生的认知冲突,进而激发学生的求知欲,为后面的教学埋下了伏笔,从而很自然的过渡到下一个环节。(2)统计实验。这部分教学让全体学生参与获得知识的全过程,并在实验中与统计知识有机结合起来,提高了学生综合运用知识的能力。同时让全体学生参与实验统计,实验数据更加充分,实验结果与预测更加接近,从而达到实验目的。
观察:先让学生观察自己的小闹钟,看看钟面上有些什么。交流:然后在小组内交流讨论自己的发现。汇报:学生汇报观察及讨论结果,教师板书:时针分针12个数讨论:时针和分针的区别。(在汇报观察结果的时候学生通常会说到秒针,当学生说到秒针的时候应肯定学生观察得很仔细,同时教师说明秒针走一圈才一分钟,我们在看时间的时候通常只看时针和分针就可以了,有关秒针的知识我们以后再学习。)2.教学整时(1)出示2时的钟面,让学生说说表示的是什么时刻?你是怎么知道的?学生说出后教师引导:2点,还可以说成2时。(2)再出示4时,让学生再说说是什么时刻,并同桌互相说说自己是怎么知道的。(3)出示8时,让学生说说是什么时刻,同时谈谈这个时刻我们一般该干什么呢?
二、教学目标:1、使学生能够运用“四舍”、“五入”的试商方法,正确地计算除数是两位数、商是一位数的笔算除法.初步掌握试商调商的方法。2、培养学生估算能力,培养学生自主观察、分析、归纳及综合运用知识的能力。3、激发学生自己探求知识的欲望,培养学生自主学习的精神,在学生讨论和交流中,促进学生之间在交流中合作精神,激发学生对数学学习的兴趣.三.教学重点:掌握用四舍五入法试商的方法并熟练地试商教学难点:掌握四舍五入试商的方法四、说教法、学法。著名的教育家叶圣陶说过:教学有法,教无定法,贵在得法。本节课我利用情境、生活经验等多种方法,使学生变苦学为乐学。学生是学习是主体,学生的参与状态、参与度是决定教学效果的重要因素。引导学生“观察、对比、总结等多种方式进行探究性学习活动。
同时又大大地节省了教学时间,提高了课堂效率。第五个层次:尝试制作复式条形统计图教师导语:在我们的生活中经常都会用到“复式条形统计图”,下面是四年级同学参加体育活动项目的情况统计表,大家有兴趣根据其中提供的信息制作一张复式条形统计图吗?展示书119页例题3,1、让学生观察统计表,读取其中信息2、让学生根据信息补充统计图。让学生一边说,老师一边用课件演示涂色过程。对于此处教学,我们所做统计图都是提供了横轴和纵轴的,学生只需读取信息,在表格中画出相应的直条。所以难度大大降低。可以说是一种半放手的“制作过程”,同时教学中让学生说,老师演示,也是一个半放手的教与学。只是为下一环节中,学生完全有自己独立收集数据,选取颜色画直条补充统计图搭脚手架。
(一)说教材《百分数的一般应用题》是在学生学过用分数解决问题和百分数的意义、百分数和分数、小数的互化的基础上进行教学的。主要内容是求常见的百分率,也就是求一个数是另一个数的百分之几的实际问题,这种问题与求一个数是另一个数的几分之几的问题相同。所以求常见的百分率的思路和方法与分数解决问题大致相同。通过这部分教学,既加深了学生对百分数的认识,又加强了知识间的联系。这部分教材在安排上有以下一些特点:1、从学生已有的知识和生活经验出发,帮助学生理解数学。2、设置数学活动生活情境,培养学生的解决问题意识和探究精神。(二)说学生对学生来说,利用已有的知识和生活经验,依据数量关系列式解答并不困难,但要求学生找准谁和谁比,很重要。二、说教学目标与重难点根据以上分析,我确定了本节课的教学目标如下:1、使学生加深对百分数的认识,理解生活中的百分率的含义,掌握求百分率的方法。2、依据分数与百分数应用题的内在联系,培养学生的迁移类推能力和数学的应用意识3、让学生在具体的情况中感受百分数来源于生活实际,在应用中体验数学的价值。重点:解答求一个数是另一个数的百分之几的应用题。
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
1. 表示时间。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示让步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非谓语动词作状语时, 如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致, 动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语, 通常由名词或代词来担任, 这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
1. 这个寓言是一个关于一位国王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用这个故事让读者对于社区的问题负有个人责任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 这个故事十分成功的实现了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
当孩子们由父母陪同时,他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3.过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时,相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看,整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟,我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动,她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来,但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时,可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟着两个学生,老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
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