4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
情景导学古语云:“勤学如春起之苗,不见其增,日有所长”如果对“春起之苗”每日用精密仪器度量,则每日的高度值按日期排在一起,可组成一个数列. 那么什么叫数列呢?二、问题探究1. 王芳从一岁到17岁,每年生日那天测量身高,将这些身高数据(单位:厘米)依次排成一列数:75,87,96,103,110,116,120,128,138,145,153,158,160,162,163,165,168 ①记王芳第i岁的身高为 h_i ,那么h_1=75 , h_2=87, 〖"…" ,h〗_17=168.我们发现h_i中的i反映了身高按岁数从1到17的顺序排列时的确定位置,即h_1=75 是排在第1位的数,h_2=87是排在第2位的数〖"…" ,h〗_17 =168是排在第17位的数,它们之间不能交换位置,所以①具有确定顺序的一列数。2. 在两河流域发掘的一块泥板(编号K90,约生产于公元前7世纪)上,有一列依次表示一个月中从第1天到第15天,每天月亮可见部分的数:5,10,20,40,80,96,112,128,144,160,176,192,208,224,240. ②
新知探究我们知道,等差数列的特征是“从第2项起,每一项与它的前一项的差都等于同一个常数” 。类比等差数列的研究思路和方法,从运算的角度出发,你觉得还有怎样的数列是值得研究的?1.两河流域发掘的古巴比伦时期的泥版上记录了下面的数列:9,9^2,9^3,…,9^10; ①100,100^2,100^3,…,100^10; ②5,5^2,5^3,…,5^10. ③2.《庄子·天下》中提到:“一尺之锤,日取其半,万世不竭.”如果把“一尺之锤”的长度看成单位“1”,那么从第1天开始,每天得到的“锤”的长度依次是1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,… ④3.在营养和生存空间没有限制的情况下,某种细菌每20 min 就通过分裂繁殖一代,那么一个这种细菌从第1次分裂开始,各次分裂产生的后代个数依次是2,4,8,16,32,64,… ⑤4.某人存入银行a元,存期为5年,年利率为 r ,那么按照复利,他5年内每年末得到的本利和分别是a(1+r),a〖(1+r)〗^2,a〖(1+r)〗^3,a〖(1+r)〗^4,a〖(1+r)〗^5 ⑥
我们知道数列是一种特殊的函数,在函数的研究中,我们在理解了函数的一般概念,了解了函数变化规律的研究内容(如单调性,奇偶性等)后,通过研究基本初等函数不仅加深了对函数的理解,而且掌握了幂函数,指数函数,对数函数,三角函数等非常有用的函数模型。类似地,在了解了数列的一般概念后,我们要研究一些具有特殊变化规律的数列,建立它们的通项公式和前n项和公式,并应用它们解决实际问题和数学问题,从中感受数学模型的现实意义与应用,下面,我们从一类取值规律比较简单的数列入手。新知探究1.北京天坛圜丘坛,的地面有十板布置,最中间是圆形的天心石,围绕天心石的是9圈扇环形的石板,从内到外各圈的示板数依次为9,18,27,36,45,54,63,72,81 ①2.S,M,L,XL,XXL,XXXL型号的女装上对应的尺码分别是38,40,42,44,46,48 ②3.测量某地垂直地面方向上海拔500米以下的大气温度,得到从距离地面20米起每升高100米处的大气温度(单位℃)依次为25,24,23,22,21 ③
1.判断正误(正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”)(1)函数f (x)在区间(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,则函数f (x)在这个区间上单调递减. ( )(2)函数在某一点的导数越大,函数在该点处的切线越“陡峭”. ( )(3)函数在某个区间上变化越快,函数在这个区间上导数的绝对值越大.( )(4)判断函数单调性时,在区间内的个别点f ′(x)=0,不影响函数在此区间的单调性.( )[解析] (1)√ 函数f (x)在区间(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,所以函数f (x)在这个区间上单调递减,故正确.(2)× 切线的“陡峭”程度与|f ′(x)|的大小有关,故错误.(3)√ 函数在某个区间上变化的快慢,和函数导数的绝对值大小一致.(4)√ 若f ′(x)≥0(≤0),则函数f (x)在区间内单调递增(减),故f ′(x)=0不影响函数单调性.[答案] (1)√ (2)× (3)√ (4)√例1. 利用导数判断下列函数的单调性:(1)f(x)=x^3+3x; (2) f(x)=sinx-x,x∈(0,π); (3)f(x)=(x-1)/x解: (1) 因为f(x)=x^3+3x, 所以f^' (x)=〖3x〗^2+3=3(x^2+1)>0所以f(x)=x^3+3x ,函数在R上单调递增,如图(1)所示
问题设计:通过这一课的学习,同学们能解释君主专制中央集权制度的含义吗?【总结】封建专制主义中央集权制度包括专制主义和中央集权制两个概念。专制主义是就中央的决策方式而言的,主要体现在皇位终身制和世袭制上,特征是皇帝个人独裁专断,集国家最高权力于一身,从决策到行使军政财权都具有独断性和随意性;中央集权则是相对于地方分权而言,其特点是地方政府在政治、经济、军事等方面没有独立性,必须充分执行中央的政令,一切服从于中央。三、秦朝中央集权制的影响展示图片:《秦朝疆域图》正是由于有一个统一集中的中央政权,秦王朝才能积极开拓疆域,北拒匈奴,南吞百越,有利于我国多民族国家统一发展。为了巩固统一的国家,秦朝还通过实行哪些措施巩固统一局面?展示图片:“秦半两钱”“秦权”“小篆”“秦简”等图片。正是有一个强有力中央政府,才统一了货币、文字、度量衡,才开驿道、修灵渠,从而促进了中国经济文化的发展进步。展示“孟姜女哭长城”的故事材料从故事及你所掌握的材料中,你认为秦朝能否长治久安?为什么?
首先引导回顾细胞质内各个细胞器的分工协作、产生分泌蛋白的过程;同时思考:为什么这些细胞器可以这样有条不紊的密切协作?这中间有没有专门起协调和控制作用的部门?从而导入本节内容。通过学生小组讨论及师生共同分析“资料分析”中的4个实验,总结出细胞核的功能,即细胞核是遗传信息库,控制细胞代谢和遗传的功能。在此基础上,向学生举出克隆羊多莉的实例,加强理解。设问:那么细胞核为什么能成为细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心?要弄清这个问题,我们必须从细胞核的结构中寻找答案,从而引出细胞的结构。在这部分,引导学生思考以下几个问题:(1)细胞核能控制细胞的遗传,说明其应该有什么物质?(2)含有DNA的结构如线粒体、叶绿体,它们的外面都有什么相同的结构?(3)细胞核能控制细胞,肯定能与外界联系,如何能办到?(4)学习RNA的分布时,RNA主要分布在细胞质,少量还分布在哪里呢?
(一)教材的地位与作用本节描述地球所处的宇宙环境包括两部分内容,一是能在天体系统中确定地球所在位置,二是结合太阳燃烧的稳定状态和大行星运轨道特征,说明地球存在生命的宇宙环境特征。这里需要补充太阳大小长期稳定的燃烧保证地球表面长期保持适宜的温度,有利生命进化;大小行星公转各行其道,保证地球宇宙环境的安全。这两点宜在讨论地球是特殊的行星时补充。说明地球是太阳系中一颗既普通又特殊的行星要通过 3引导学生从图文资料中找出地球与其他行星在运动特征和结构特征上的共性以及轨道位置和自身条件上的特性。运动特征共性包括同向性、共面性和近圆性;结构特征主要是通过与类地行星比较得出地球在质量和体积方面不具特殊性。地球上存在生命主要是因为日地距离适中,所以有适合的温度;因为地球质量和体积适中,所以能吸引住大气形成厚度、压力适合的大气层;因为地球存在岩浆活动,所以有地球内部氢氧分异化合的水汽溢出形成海洋。
强调重力对生长素分布的影响,为下面的内容讲解做铺垫,明确植物出现向光性与生长素分布不均有关。复习旧知识,产生首因效应,巩固和加强记忆。通过植物向光性是生长素分布较多而促进生长,进而提出“对于植物来说,生长素是不是越多越好”这个问题,引发思考,锻炼思维。说明生长素浓度对不同器官产生的影响不同,让学生对这一情况有一个整体印象。结合数学知识逐步分析图上各点和各曲线的含义,引导学生得出不同器官对生长素浓度的敏感性顺序,为解释横放植物“S”型生长做铺垫。通过对曲线的分析,得出低生长素浓度起促进作用,高浓度有抑制作用这种双重性,并得出其双重性表现。通过以上的分析和总结,对横放植物“S”型生长进行解释,达到首尾呼应的效果。采用“蒙太奇”手法,引申到“太空中,横放植物将会如何生长”这个问题,引发学生的联想和思考,以这种提问方式结课为下节课的开课做了铺垫,掌握了主动权。
(设计意图: 通过这两个问题探究的形式可以了解学生对二、干旱为主的自然特征这一知识点的掌握情况,随堂练习有利于巩固强化学生的条例性知识。)三、荒漠化的成因1、自然因素:干旱、气候异常2、人为因素:(是荒漠化发生、发展的决定因素)自然原因启发学生利用已经学过的知识(干旱为主的自然特征)和给出的PPT资料来进行分析。人为原因以其危害结果用图表和图片的形式展示,使学生认识到人为因素是导致荒漠化最主要的因素。(设计意图:通过分析自然因素提供学生分析一区域环境建设的自然基础条件,而这也是较难的一点,再者,通过分析人为原因,是学生树立区域生态环境保护意识。)四、布置作业:书本课本20—22的活动—— 非洲萨赫勒地区荒漠化的自然、社会经济
当代社会生活的变化比以往任何时代都要快。语言尤其是词汇记录了这些发展变化,因而也涌现了大量的新词新语。据统计,近几年每年大约要出现1000个左右的新词新语,而字典、词典的多次修订、增补就反映了这种情况。但相对来说,也有一些流行语又逐渐受到冷遇,甚至退隐。为了更好的对新词新语与流行文化作一番检视与探究,那让我们考察一下它们是怎么产生的吧?老师先给同学们列举四种途径:大屏幕3。同学们能再举出以上途径的一些例子吗?老师列举(4)其实不只这些,那还有哪些途径呢?找同学说并举例。说的非常好,请同学们看老师的例子,总结(5)。从新词新语的产生途径可以看出,这些鲜活得像画一样的新词就是这个时代跳动的血小板,它涉及当代社会的重大事件、现象与时弊,以及人们日常生活的各个层面如人生意义、生活方式、爱情、友情、就业、消费、时尚等,时代性强,传播面广,反映着当代社会时局与人们文化心态的变化。
3、马克思主义的三大思想来源之一——空想社会主义理论,教师可以采用多媒体技术、投放幻灯片、人物图片等资料进行处理。这样既能增强课堂的趣味性,激发学生的兴趣,也容易让学生理解什么是“空想社会主义”。可以分别投放圣西门的实业制度、傅立叶的“法朗吉”和欧文的“新和谐公社”等资料加深学生的理解。为了充分发挥学生的学习主体性地位,还可以利用教材中“学习思考”的问题设计:为什么说圣西门等思想家提出的设想是空想的?让学生在教师提供的材料中探究答案。至于马克思主义的另两大思想来源:德意志古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学可以简单处理。而马克思、恩格斯为无产阶级革命事业奋斗的事迹以及马恩两人的友谊是可以稍加扩长的部分,教师可事先布置学生任务,让学生通过网络或者书籍去查找相关知识,也或者由教师在课堂上补充相关资料,调节课堂气氛。
(四)、成果交流教师出示成熟植物细胞图,提出原生质层的概念,小组交流,教师点拨,得出结论:1、原生质层相当于半透膜2、外界溶液浓度大于细胞液浓度---细胞失水(质壁分离)3、外界溶液浓度小于细胞液浓度---细胞失水(质壁分离复原)教师出示有关细胞选择性吸收离子的数据资料。引导学生发现并探究出不同植物对同一离子吸收量不同,同一植物对不同离子吸收量也不同,得出结论:4、细胞膜具有选择透过性(五)拓展延伸如何用已有知识和技能鉴别两种蔗糖溶液浓度的大小?用0.1g/mg 0.8g/mg的蔗糖溶液分别做前面的探究实验会有什么不同的结果?你得出的结论是什么?引导学生总结出发生质壁分离和质壁分离复原的条件。五、板书设计好的板书就像一份微型教案,此板书力图全面而简明的将授课内容传递给学生,清晰直观,便于学生理解和记忆,理清文章脉络。
(一)教材的地位与作用“地球的运动”是地理环境的形成以及地理环境各要素运动变化的基础,因而也是高中阶段地理学习的基础。“地球公转与季节”是在介绍完“地球运动的一般特点”和“地球自转与时差”之后进行的;(二)教学目标(1)知识与技能目标:1.掌握全球各纬度昼夜长短和正午太阳高度变化的规律;2.懂得运用地球运动的有关知识解释生活现象和分析实际问题。(2)过程与方法目标:1.通过前后关联知识点层层递进的学习,让学生学会运用相关图表来分析地理问题,并能理论和实际相结合综合分析和解决问题。(加强对图表分析能力的培养,是地理学科的突出特点。)(3)情感、态度与价值观目标:1.使学生初步了解地球上许多地理现象都同地球的运动有关,从而对学生进行唯物主义教育,培养学生热爱科学和勇于探索的精神。
(一)教材的地位与作用本节主要阐述太阳辐射和太阳活动对地球的影响。太阳辐射对地球的影响主要是从太阳为地球提供能量这个方面来阐述,通过图片的形式从四个方面来分析。不应让学生记忆这四个方面,需要归纳为:(1)直接或间接(化石燃料)为地球提供大部分能量。(2)维持四大圈层物质循环和能量交换,决定地理环境的基本特征。(二)教学目标(1)知识与技能目标:1.阐述太阳对地球的影响。太阳对地球的影响,包括太阳辐射对地球的影响和太阳活动对地球的影响。2.太阳辐射的概念、来源、波长等只作一般了解;太阳活动对地球影像是通过作用气候、地球电离层和磁场而发生的,主要包括磁暴、无线电短波通讯被干扰、极光和气候异常等。3.教材涉及太阳活动的概念、标志和周期需要明确,而太阳大气分层及对应太阳活动现象只作一般了解。
问:为什么会出现这样的情况,男女生之间的拉力存在着怎样的大小关系?进一步求证这两个力的大小关系经过共同讨论,得方案:把两个弹簧秤勾在一起,重现拔河比赛,分三种情况进行。(通过摄像头把弹簧秤的读数放大)两弹簧称勾在一起拉,处于静止不动时(即拔河比赛,双方处于僵持状态)两弹簧称勾在一起拉,并向一方运动(即比赛绳子被拉向一方时的状态)3、两弹簧称勾在一起拉,一方方向慢慢改变(两力方向始终在一条直线上)实验结论:两弹簧称的读数的变化总是相同的,大小相等,方向相反。得到牛顿第三定律:追问:既然两个力大小相等,那么拔河比赛为什么还存在胜负之分?讲清作用力与反作用力作用的受力物体不同,并和学生讨论如何做才会获胜。回应课前问题:“以卵击石”为什么鸡蛋碎?
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