(4)学校买10套课桌用500元,已知桌子的单价是凳子的4倍,每张桌子多少元?三、作业。第四课时课题:可能性和编码复习目标:1、认识简单的可能性事件。2、会求简单事件发生的可能性,并用分数表示。3、通过日常生活中的一些事例,使学生初步体会数字编码思想在解决实际问题中的应用。4、让学生学会运用数进行编码,初步培养学生的抽象、概括能力。一、基本练习。1、盒子中有红、白、黄、绿四种颜色的球各一个,只取一次,拿出红色球的可能性是多少?白色呢?2、商场促销,将奖品放置于1到10号的罐子里,幸运顾客有一次猜奖机会,一位顾客猜中得奖的可能性是多少?3、盒子中有红色球8个,蓝色球10个,取一次,取出红色球的可能性大还是蓝色球?4、说出下面各组数据的中位数。
出示:1、某校有男生500人,女生有450人,女生是男生的百分之几?你能把这道题改编成另外二道一步计算的百分数应用题吗?2、某校有男生500人,女生人数是男生的90%,女生有多少人?3、某校有女生450人,是男生的90%,男生有多少人?师:你觉得这三题有什么相同的地方和不同的地方?同:都以男生的人数为单位“1”异:条件与问题不同出示:1、完成书本124页第14题。2、2000年我国农村居民人均纯收入为2253元,1999年为2210元。2000年比1999年增长百分之几?3、一本书有240页,小林第一天看了 ,第二天看了12.5%,第三天应该从第几页看起?4、边长1厘米的正方形面积比边长2厘米的正方形面积少百分之几?5、修一条公路,实际造价84万元,比原计划增加了5%,增加了多少万元?出示:1、花园小学五年级男生有150人,女生人数是男生的 ,已知五年级人数占全校学生人数的25%。全校有多少名学生?2、书本124页第15、16、17题。
(教师要深入各个小组中,参与学生方案的制定,但教师不是决策者,决策权在学生手中。)【设计意图:练习设计围绕本节课的教学目标,具有层次性。同时,开放性练习的设计——采用小组合作,让学生设计购书方案,使学生进一步感受到生活中处处有数学,运用数学知识还能省钱,合理安排日常生活开支,培养了学生自觉应用数学的意识。】五、课堂总结。同学们,通过这节课的学习,你有什么感想?你们今天的表现都很出色。其实生活中还有许多问题需要我们用数学知识去发现、去思考、去探索,希望大家能做个有心人!教学设计自我评析:新课程标准指出:“数学源于生活、寓于生活、用于生活。教师应重视从学生的生活经验和以有的知识中学习数学和理解数学。”
(二)合作交流,探究新知出示例题。(小黑板)先全班同学读题,教师在解释说明题目中“存定期一年”表示什么意思。一般来说,存款主要分为定期、活期等储蓄方式。所谓活期存款是指储户可以随时提取的一种方式;定期存款是有一定期限的一种存款方式,定期存款又分为整存整取和零存整取等形式。现在银行的定期存款有三个月、六个月、一年、二年、三年、五年的等等。(让学生在议一议、说一说的基础上,说出自己是怎样想的,交流归纳对问题的认识,理解存款的定期、活期的年月限即时间,以及存款方式。)小丽存的是“定期一年”,即小丽在银行存的100元在一般情况下要在银行存一年,如果有特殊情况也可以提前提取。下面请同学们合作交流,思考如下几个问题。(出示投影片。)(1)你猜一猜,小丽把100元存入银行叫做什么?(本金)(2)你估算一下,小丽把100元存入银行,定期一年,全部取出,取出的钱会大于100元吗?为什么?
[设计说明]:只给出情景故事,感知了一个大数,这样还不能引起学生对大数的深刻认识,所以再给出宇宙星空中的这些大数,让学生读读、看看这些数,引起学生强烈的认知上的冲突,形成一种心理上的想读、想写的求知欲望。(二)、引出问题、探索新知在上面的例子中,我们遇到了几个很大的数,看起来、读起来、写起来都不方便,有没有简单的表示法呢?分以下步骤完成。1、回忆100 ,1000,10000,能写成10( )2、300=3×100=3×10( )3000=3×1000=3×10()30000=3×10000=3×10()3、再由学生完成上面4个例子中的数的表示。(学生对160 000 000 000这个数可能表示为、16×1010,教师要利用学生这种错误,强调a的范围)4、教师给出科学记数法表示:a×10( )(1≤a<10)。[设计说明]:通过层层递进的探究设计,启发学生成功地发现“科学记数法”的表示方法,同时又通过学生示错,让学生记住a的范围,体现了以学生为主的探究式教学。
解析:水是生命之源,节约水资源是我们每个居民都应有的意识.题中给出假如每人浪费一点水,当人数增多时,将是一个非常惊人的数字,100万人每天浪费的水资源为1000000×0.32=320000(升).所以320000=3.2×105.故选B.方法总结:从实际问题入手让学生体会科学记数法的实际应用.题中没有直接给出数据,应先计算,再表示.探究点二:将用科学记数法表示的数转换为原数已知下列用科学记数法表示的数,写出原来的数:(1)2.01×104;(2)6.070×105.解析:(1)将2.01的小数点向右移动4位即可;(2)将6.070的小数点向右移动5位即可.解:(1)2.01×104=20100;(2)6.070×105=607000.方法总结:将科学记数法a×10n表示的数,“还原”成通常表示的数,就是把a的小数点向右移动n位所得到的数.三、板书设计借助身边熟悉的事物进一步体会大数,积累数学活动经验,发展数感、空间感,培养学生自主学习的能力.
光年是表示较大距离的一个单位, 而纳米(nanometer)则是表示微小距离的单位。1纳米= 米,即1米= 纳米。我们通常使用的尺上的一小格是一毫米(mm),1毫米= 米。可见,1毫米= 纳米,容易算出,1纳米相当于1毫米的一百万分之一。可想而知,1纳米是多么的小。超微粒子的大小一般在1~100 纳米范围内,故又称纳米粒子。纳米粒子的尺寸小,表面积大,具有高度的活性。因此,利用纳米粒子可制备活性极高的催化剂,在火箭固体燃料中掺入铝的纳米微粒,可提高燃烧效率若干倍。利用铁磁纳米材料具有很高矫顽力的特点,可制成磁性信用卡、磁性钥匙,以及高性能录像带等 。利用纳米材料等离子共振频率的可调性可制成隐形飞机的涂料。纳米材料的表面积大,对外界环境(物理的和化学的)十分敏感,在制造传感器方面是有前途的材料,目前已开发出测量温度、热辐射和检测各种特定气体的传感器。在生物和医学中也有重要应用。纳米材料科学是20世纪80年代末诞生并正在崛起的科技新领域,它将成为跨世纪的科技热点之一。
三、说教学理念:通过观察、猜测及动手操作实验等方法,向学生渗透有序的数学思想。四、说教学过程:一、创设情境、激趣导入。小朋友们喜欢什么样的球类运动呢?让学生各抒已见。当有人说到足球时。老师马上引到学校冬季运动会,我们三年级3个班的比赛情况,结果我们班得了第一。那我们班比赛了几场?学生回答两场。三个班比赛,每两个班比赛一场,那一共要比赛多少场呢?四人小组合作完成。然后汇报,并说理由。二.动手实践,自主探究1.2002年世界杯足球C组比赛有几国家?是哪几个国家?让学生发表意见。他们说不出,老师再告诉他们。2.如果这四个队每两个队踢一场球,一共要踢多少场?(课件演示主题图)3.让学生大胆说一说、猜一猜。4.四人小组用学具卡片摆一摆、讨论讨论。
第一个板块是“脑筋急转弯”,激发学习兴趣。目的有两个:一是拉近与学生的距离,二是为本节课做铺垫。第二板块是自主探究,优化策略。这一部分内容通过“操作感悟——抽象内化——巩固应用”三个片段,使学生在教师的点拨引导下,沿以下四个步骤:“一张和两张饼的烙法(基础)→三张饼的最佳烙法(难点)→双数饼、单数饼的烙法(提升)→最佳方案、双数饼:两张两张烙;单数饼:两张两张烙+最后3张饼交叉烙(优化)进行探究。1、探索烙3张饼的最少时间是本节课的重点也是难点,优化的数学思想只能是“渗透”而不能“明透”,也就是说只能让学生在潜移默化的过程中理解,而不能仅仅靠传授。因此,本课中蓄势----为探索最佳方法打基础的方法,自认为运用得恰到好处。例如,围绕“烙2张饼最少要花6分,为什么烙1张饼与2张饼所用的时间一样多呢?你们是怎么想的?”这个问题,让学生体会烙2张饼是用足了空间,而烙1张饼浪费了空间和时间,为探索烙3张饼埋下了伏笔。
(五)课前准备: 1、铺垫:让学生和家长一起收集历代有关合理安排的故事。 2、教具准备:圆形卡片、工序卡片、记录表格和多媒体课件等。 学具准备:让学生以小组为单位制作好图形卡片和工序卡片。 二、说教法和学法 在教学方法上,为了使学生能轻松、愉快地理解优化思想,根据学生的认知特点和规律,在本课的设计中,我使用了演示法和实验法,通过课件的情境演示和实物的操作为学生创设情境,让学生独立思考,然后动手操作,互相交流,最后找出最优方案的方式组织教学。 在学法方面,我设计了一系列贴近学生生活实际和年龄特点的教学活动,在这些活动中,着重以引导学生运用自主探究、合作探究两种学习方式交替学习,让他们真正以课堂的身份参与全程。并培养他们收集数据和分析处理数据的能力。
五、说学情小学六年级的学生已具备初步的逻辑思维能力,但仍以形象思维为主,教材在小学中年级的数学教学中,已经逐渐借助推理与知识迁移来完成,并结合教材挖掘、创造条件开始渗透数形结合思想。进入中高年级后,学生逻辑思维能力已有一定发展,为了使学生更直观的理解知识,同时又满足学生逻辑思维能力的发展,因此本节教材在编排上体现了先“数”后“形”的顺序,把形象真正放在“支撑”地位,从而为培养学生的逻辑能力而服务。六、说教法学法为了在教学过程中充分体现学生的主体地位和教师的主导作用,本节采用教师引导和学生自主学习相结合的方法,培养学生积极探索和团结协作的精神,同时采用PPT课件直观形象的演示功能,强化理解,突破重点、难点并调动学生的学习积极性。1.将问题直接呈现在学生面前,引导学生对题目的内容进行理解,在明确了题目的要求之后,教师把时间还给学生,引导学生自主思考问题,通过具体形象教具的支撑帮助学生发展规律。2.利用小组合作学习,在合作交流中通过看一看,议一议,借助直观教具发现理解规律。3.利用微课对差生进行“补学”。在学生探究汇报之后,针对学习有困难的学生利用微课视频直观巩固知识。
教学目标:知识与技能:1、使学生初步体会对策论方法在解决实际问题中的应用。2使学生认识到解决问题策略的多样性,形成寻找解决问题最优方案的意识。3、培养学生的应用意识和解决实际问题的能力。过程与方法:使学生理解优化的思想,形成从多种方案中寻找最优方案的意识,提高学生解决问题的能力。情感、态度和价值观:使学生感受到数学在日常生活中的广泛应用,尝试用数学的方法解决生活中的简单问题。重点:体会优化的思想难点:寻找解决问题最优方案,提高学生解决问题的能力。教具:图片教学过程:一、情境导入:1、你们听过“田忌赛马“的故事吗?田忌是怎样赢了齐王的?谁能给大家讲一讲这个故事?2、问:田忌的马都不如齐王的马,但他却赢了?这是为什么呢?3、这节课我们就来研究研究。板书课题:数学广角
(一)创设问题情境:师:小朋友,你们喜欢老师漂亮一点呢还是喜欢老师丑一点?生:大多数的小朋友说喜欢老师漂亮。师:那你们帮助老师打扮打扮。我最喜欢红色体恤和这三件下衣,到底怎样搭配最漂亮呢?请小朋友们给老师出出主意。小朋友们纷纷发表自己的意见,并说出了自己的理由。师:谢谢。你们的建议都不错。那我这一件上衣、三件下衣能有多少种不同的穿法呢?老师接着问:那我有两件上衣、三件下衣又有多少种不同的穿法呢?有说4种、有说5种、也有说6种的,到底有几种呢?(二)1.自主合作探索新知试一试师:请同学们也试着想一想,如果你觉得直接想象有困难的话可以借助手中的学具卡片摆一摆。学生活动教师巡视。2.发现问题学生汇报所写个数,教师根据巡视的情况重点展示几份,引导学生发现问题:有的重复了,有的漏写了。
教材分析:"鸡兔同笼"问题是我国民间广为流传的数学趣题,最早出现在《孙子算经》中。教材在本单元安排“鸡兔同笼”问题,一方面可以培养学生的逻辑推理能力;另一方面使学生体会代数方法的一般性。“鸡兔同笼”的原题数据比较大,不利于首次接触该类问题的学生进行探究,因此教材先编排了例1,通过化繁为间的思想,帮助学生先探索出解决该类问题的一般方法后,再解决《孙子算经》中数据比较大的原题。解决“鸡兔同笼”问题时,教材展示了学生逐步解决问题的过程,既猜测、列表、假设或方程解。其中假设和列方程解是解决该类问题的饿一般方法。“假设法”有利于培养学生的逻辑推理能力,列方程则有助于学生体会代数方法的一般性。因此在解决“鸡兔同笼”问题时,学生选用哪种方法均可,不强求用某一种方法。
虽然在此之前已经听过多节有关的研讨课,但临到自己教学时才真正体会到本课教学的艰难。一是信息化时代对邮政编码的冲突。其实我在教学前也仅仅只知道学校和家庭住址的邮编,至于邮政编码的结构含义等是完全陌生。在课堂前测中了解到,全班仅3人有写信寄信的经历(这三名学生的老家都远离湖北省),他们知道老家的邮编,全班有半数左右的家庭收集不到已经邮寄过的旧信封。可以说在学习本课前师生对邮政编码都是知之甚少,教师本身都只“半勺水”,何以给学生“一杯水”?虽然在课前布置学生收集了一些有关邮政编码的知识,自己也进行了大量的查询,但在实际教学中仍旧倍感吃力。如有学生质疑“为什么书上北京人民出版社的邮编是100008,它的第三、四位都是0呢”;“为什么我们学校的邮编4300XX第三、四位也是0呢”;“邮区是不是指什么市?”“邮区与市、区、县有什么关系?”一个接一个问题“炮轰”过来,着实招架不住。
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
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