第一章《有理数》1、本章的主要内容:对正、负数的认识;有理数的概念及分类;相反数与绝对值的概念及求法;数轴的概念、画法及其与相反数与绝对值的关系;比较两个有理数大小的方法;有理数加、减、乘、除、乘方运算法则及相关运算律;科学计数法、近似数、有效数字的概念及求法。重点:有理数加、减、乘、除、乘方运算难点:混合运算的运算顺序,对结果符号的确定及对科学计数法、有效数字的理解。
【新课导入】抬头仰望天空,你会发现曾经湛蓝的天不再那么明净;低头俯视大地,你会发现曾经清澈见底的河流不再那么透明;静静聆听,回响在我们耳边的不再是婉转动听的鸟叫虫鸣,而是轰隆隆的机器运作;放眼望去,呈现在我们眼前的不再是郁郁葱葱的森林绿地,而是灰暗单调的高楼和冰冷的水泥路面……随着工业化的进程,我们的生活已被污染包围,倡导低碳生活,刻不容缓。【重点解读】认识低碳生活、宣传低碳生活、争做低碳达人。1. 认识低碳生活低碳,英文为low carbon,意指较低的温室气体(二氧化碳为主)排放。低碳生活,就是指生活作息时所耗用的能量要尽力减少,从而降低碳,特别是二氧化碳的排放量,进而减少对大气的污染,减缓生态恶化,要求从节水、节电、节气和回收四个环节来改变生活细节。
一是缩小页边距和行间距,缩小字号。正式文件一般对字号、间距有严格的要求,但是在非正式文件里,可适当缩小页边距和行间距,缩小字号。可“上顶天,下连地,两边够齐”,对于字号,以看清为宜。二是纸张双面打印、复印。纸张双面打印、复印既可以减少费用,又可以节能减排。如果全国10%的打印、复印做到这一点,那么每年可减少耗纸约5.1万吨,节能6.4万吨标准煤,相应减排二氧化碳16.4万吨。三是打印时能不加粗、不用黑体的就尽量不用,能节省墨粉或铅粉。此外,能够用电脑网络传递的文件就尽量在网络上传递,比如电子邮件、单位内部网络等,这样下来也可以节约不少纸张。(选自《低碳校园——让我们的学校更美好》,天津人民出版社2013年版)(学生围绕各自任务,课外搜集制作宣传材料,时间为一周。)【设计意图】本环节先从探讨自身在低碳生活中力所能及的事情,让学生切实认识到低碳生活就在日常的一举一动中。然后围绕主题分组,并保证足够的时间,让学生去收集整理资料,落实任务,使学生能真正成为低碳的倡导者和践行者。
一、说教材《分式的加减法》是本册教材第三章《分式》重要内容,是进一步学习分式方程、反比例函数以及其它数学知识的基础,同时也是学习物理、化学等学科不可缺少的工具。与其它数学知识一样,它在实际生活中有着广泛的应用。学习分式的加减法并熟练地进行运算是学好分式运算的关键,为学生综合运用多种运算法则拓宽了空间,有利于学生对双基的掌握,在综合运用多种运算法则的过程中,逐渐形成运算能力。同时本节课的教学难度有所增加,学生通过观察、类比、猜想、尝试等一系列思维活动中,发现规则、理解规则、应用规则。考虑到以上这些因素,确定本节课的目标和重点、难点如下:(一)说教学目标:1.知识与技能目标:理解并掌握异分母分式加减法的法则;经历异分母分式的加减运算和通分的过程,训练学生的分式运算能力,培养学生在学习中转化未知问题为已知问题的能力;进一步通过实例发展学生的符号感。
(3)在某乒乓球质量检测中,一只乒乓球超出标准质量0.02克,记作+0.02克,那么-0.03克表示什么?解:(1)扣20分,记作-20分;(2)沿顺时针方向转12圈记作-12圈;(3)-0.03克表示乒乓球的质量低于标准质量0.03克。4、让学生回顾现已学过的数,将他们进行分类,最后教师总结。(三)课堂练习,及时反馈为了让更多的学生参与进来,通过练习巩固知识发现不足,教师及时得到反馈,检查教学效果,采取相应措施,我采用了一下习题:(电脑演示)在练习过程中培养学生养成用所学知识去思考问题、判断问题、解决问题的好习惯。学生的练习分出了梯度,让不同学生的学生都有所提高,有助于贯彻因材施教的教学原则。各组练习在进行中,进行后,都要掌握学生的完成情况,让学生举手,加以统计,及时纠错及再讲解。在学生回答问题时,我通过语言、目光、动作给予鼓励与告诉,发挥评价的增益效应。
课时分配 建议本课依据学情分课时。第一课时进行自主学习反馈及文意梳理、整体感知。第二课时进行课文具体分析的交流展示及当堂检测。可适当调节。教学目标 知识与技能 1.掌握文章中的一些重点词语的含义,积累一些文言知识。2.结合课后注释,疏通文章意思,逐步提高文言文的朗读和疏通能力。过程与方法 1.通过不同形式的朗读,理解短文所阐明的深刻道理。2.通过合作探究的学习方式,引导学生体会文章语言的精妙。情感、态度与价值观 注重对学生的情感熏陶,让学生认识封建统治者不识人才、埋没人才的昏庸,引导学生认识到在今天的优越条件下,要努力使自己成为有用之才。
(2)教学内容的设计,一般须遵从学生认知规律,由表及里,由浅入深、完整、生动地呈现事物或事理本身的美学价值。在整体感知课文的艺术美和解决文字障碍之后,通过动手做“核舟”、改写评点“解说词” ,使学生在动手做、动手改、动口说中,理清课文层次和说明顺序。最后,学生们再一次通读全文,使他们的认知经历了从语言文字到形象生动的表象,再到语言文字的完整过程。帮助他们将语言形式和语言内容紧密结合起来。吉尔伯特·海特在其《教学的艺术》一书中曾谈到:“如果我们不能获得一声出自内心的笑,那么这一天的教学就白费了”。通过演课本剧,加深了学生对课文的理解和记忆,有利于培养学生的思考能力,想象能力,逻辑思维能力和语言表达能力。也正是获取一声声出自内心的笑的一种行之有效的方法。
1.课文第一段介绍雕刻品核舟的主题是“盖大苏泛赤壁云”,哪些地方说明是“泛舟”呢?至少有三个地方说明是“泛舟”。第一,从“苏、黄共阅一手卷”可知船行并不快;第二,从“舟尾横卧一楫”船桨放在甲板上,可知“泛舟”;第三,从“舟子”“居右者……若啸呼状。居左者……若听茶声然”可知“泛舟”。2.课文如此细致地介绍核舟这一雕刻品的艺术形象,说明了什么?说明雕刻家构思的巧妙,显示出古代工艺美术的卓越成就,赞美了我国古代劳动者的高超技艺。3.本文题目有“记”字,是否意味着是记叙文?它与《桃花源记》是不是一种文体?这是一篇介绍事物的说明文。题目中的“记”在这里是描述、摹写的意思。文章全面而真实地描述了雕刻在核舟上的人和物,活灵活现,使人能领会神奇的雕刻技巧。
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
二、活动目标:1、利用纸棒进行活动,学习跳竹竿游戏,发展弹跳能力。2、体验与同伴合作游戏带来的快乐。3、愿意积极想办法解决活动中遇到的困难。三、活动准备:经验准备:幼儿观看过录像物质准备:人手一根纸棒(长度为1米)。录音机,磁带。四、活动过程:1、开始部分:幼儿随音乐利用纸棒进行队列练习。导语:今天天气真不错,我们骑着马出去玩玩吧!(幼儿随音乐的变化“骑马”变双圆----大圆----小圆---- “坐马车” )反思:活动开始部分设计了随音乐利用纸棒进行队列练习在这一环节中由两队“骑马”变双圆----变小圆----合作组合“坐马车”体现了动静交替的原则,让幼儿初步尝试了与同伴合作的快乐,同时也为下一个环节奠定了基础。2、基本部分:(1)利用纸棒进行“一棒多玩”导语:纸棒可以和我们玩坐马车的游戏,还可以和我们玩什么游戏呢?我们一起来试试,可以自己玩,也可以和小伙伴一起玩。(幼儿四散游戏)队形:两路纵队(见附图)(2)学习“跳竹竿”游戏A、讲解游戏玩法导语:刚才小朋友用纸棒玩了许多游戏,今天老师要和大家用纸棒玩一个新游戏——跳竹竿,这个游戏可以三个或四个小朋友一起玩,其中两个小朋友手拿竹竿面对面跪下,用竹竿同时分合敲击,另一个小朋友在中间看准竹竿的分合跳进或跳出。大家可以自己选择小伙伴一起试一试。队形:梯形队(见附图)(3)幼儿自由组合尝试玩“跳竹竿”游戏队形:四散(4)对幼儿在游戏过程中出现的情况及时进行指导(合作、交往方面)导语:你刚才和谁一起玩的?你们是怎么跳竹竿的?队形:梯形队(见附图)(5)鼓励幼儿创造性地玩“跳竹竿”游戏,师生共同参与。
点拨:旅游地旅游资源的特色不同,可以安排的旅游活动是不一样的,直接影响对旅游者的吸引力。因此,出游前首先就需要收集旅游地旅游资源的类型、主要游览景区、景点的特色等情况。旅游地的时空可达性直接关系到旅游者从出发地到旅游地,然后再返回出发地的费用和时间。一般来说,居住地与旅游地之间的空间距离过大,会使旅行的时间过长、旅行费用过高,经济距离增加,相应地降低了旅游者的出游能力。而居住地与旅游地相距遥远,也意味着两地之间巨大的环境差异,这会增加对游客的吸引力。旅游服务设施和条件,如旅游交通方式及工具、旅游住宿条件、旅游餐饮的种类和标准、导游服务、旅行费用等信息也都在一定程度上影响着游客的选择。图5.3西藏布达拉宫和图5.4云南香格里拉两幅图片显示了西藏布达拉宫、云南香格里拉与众不同的优美景观,吸引了众多的游客前来观光旅游,成为近年来国内旅游的热点。
本节课选自《普通高中课程标准数学教科书-必修一》(人教A版)第三章《函数的概念与性质》,本节课是第2课时,本节课主要学习函数的三种表示方法及其简单应用,进一步加深对函数概念的理解。课本从引进函数概念开始就比较注重函数的不同表示方法:解析法,图象法,列表法.函数的不同表示方法能丰富对函数的认识,帮助理解抽象的函数概念.特别是在信息技术环境下,可以使函数在形与数两方面的结合得到更充分的表现,使学生通过函数的学习更好地体会数形结合这种重要的数学思想方法.因此,在研究函数时,要充分发挥图象的直观作用.课程目标 学科素养A.在实际情景中,会根据不同的需要选择恰当的方法(解析式法、图象法、列表法)表示函数;B.了解简单的分段函数,并能简单地应用;1.数学抽象:函数解析法及能由条件求函数的解析式;2.逻辑推理:求函数的解析式;
《数学1必修本(A版)》的第五章4.5.2用二分法求方程的近似解.本节课要求学生根据具体的函数图象能够借助计算机或信息技术工具计算器用二分法求相应方程的近似解,了解这种方法是求方程近似解的常用方法,从中体会函数与方程之间的联系;它既是本册书中的重点内容,又是对函数知识的拓展,既体现了函数在解方程中的重要应用,同时又为高中数学中函数与方程思想、数形结合思想、二分法的算法思想打下了基础,因此决定了它的重要地位.发展学生数学直观、数学抽象、逻辑推理和数学建模的核心素养。课程目标 学科素养1.通过具体实例理解二分法的概念及其使用条件.2.了解二分法是求方程近似解的常用方法,能借助计算器用二分法求方程的近似解.3.会用二分法求一个函数在给定区间内的零点,从而求得方程的近似解. a.数学抽象:二分法的概念;b.逻辑推理:运用二分法求近似解的原理;
新知探究:向量的减法运算定义问题四:你能根据实数的减法运算定义向量的减法运算吗?由两个向量和的定义已知 即任意向量与其相反向量的和是零向量。求两个向量差的运算叫做向量的减法。我们看到,向量的减法可以转化为向量的加法来进行:减去一个向量相当于加上这个向量的相反向量。即新知探究(二):向量减法的作图方法知识探究(三):向量减法的几何意义问题六:根据问题五,思考一下向量减法的几何意义是什么?问题七:非零共线向量怎样做减法运算? 问题八:非零共线向量怎样做减法运算?1.共线同向2.共线反向小试牛刀判一判(正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”)(1)两个向量的差仍是一个向量。 (√ )(2)向量的减法实质上是向量的加法的逆运算. ( √ )(3)向量a与向量b的差与向量b与向量a的差互为相反向量。 ( √ )(4)相反向量是共线向量。 ( √ )
求函数的导数的策略(1)先区分函数的运算特点,即函数的和、差、积、商,再根据导数的运算法则求导数;(2)对于三个以上函数的积、商的导数,依次转化为“两个”函数的积、商的导数计算.跟踪训练1 求下列函数的导数:(1)y=x2+log3x; (2)y=x3·ex; (3)y=cos xx.[解] (1)y′=(x2+log3x)′=(x2)′+(log3x)′=2x+1xln 3.(2)y′=(x3·ex)′=(x3)′·ex+x3·(ex)′=3x2·ex+x3·ex=ex(x3+3x2).(3)y′=cos xx′=?cos x?′·x-cos x·?x?′x2=-x·sin x-cos xx2=-xsin x+cos xx2.跟踪训练2 求下列函数的导数(1)y=tan x; (2)y=2sin x2cos x2解析:(1)y=tan x=sin xcos x,故y′=?sin x?′cos x-?cos x?′sin x?cos x?2=cos2x+sin2xcos2x=1cos2x.(2)y=2sin x2cos x2=sin x,故y′=cos x.例5 日常生活中的饮用水通常是经过净化的,随着水的纯净度的提高,所需进化费用不断增加,已知将1t水进化到纯净度为x%所需费用(单位:元),为c(x)=5284/(100-x) (80<x<100)求进化到下列纯净度时,所需进化费用的瞬时变化率:(1) 90% ;(2) 98%解:净化费用的瞬时变化率就是净化费用函数的导数;c^' (x)=〖(5284/(100-x))〗^'=(5284^’×(100-x)-"5284 " 〖(100-x)〗^’)/〖(100-x)〗^2 =(0×(100-x)-"5284 " ×(-1))/〖(100-x)〗^2 ="5284 " /〖(100-x)〗^2
本节课是在学习了三角函数图象和性质的前提下来学习三角函数模型的简单应用,进一步突出函数来源于生活应用于生活的思想,让学生体验一些具有周期性变化规律的实际问题的数学“建模”思想,从而培养学生的创新精神和实践能力.课程目标1.了解三角函数是描述周期变化现象的重要函数模型,并会用三角函数模型解决一些简单的实际问题.2.实际问题抽象为三角函数模型. 数学学科素养1.逻辑抽象:实际问题抽象为三角函数模型问题;2.数据分析:分析、整理、利用信息,从实际问题中抽取基本的数学关系来建立数学模型; 3.数学运算:实际问题求解; 4.数学建模:体验一些具有周期性变化规律的实际问题的数学建模思想,提高学生的建模、分析问题、数形结合、抽象概括等能力.
1. 表示时间。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示让步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非谓语动词作状语时, 如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致, 动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语, 通常由名词或代词来担任, 这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
1. 这个寓言是一个关于一位国王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用这个故事让读者对于社区的问题负有个人责任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 这个故事十分成功的实现了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.