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新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading and Thinking教学设计一
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
人教版高中数学选择性必修二变化率问题教学设计
导语在必修第一册中，我们研究了函数的单调性，并利用函数单调性等知识，定性的研究了一次函数、指数函数、对数函数增长速度的差异，知道“对数增长” 是越来越慢的，“指数爆炸” 比“直线上升” 快得多，进一步的能否精确定量的刻画变化速度的快慢呢，下面我们就来研究这个问题。新知探究问题1 高台跳水运动员的速度高台跳水运动中，运动员在运动过程中的重心相对于水面的高度h(单位：m)与起跳后的时间t(单位：s)存在函数关系h(t)＝－4.9t2＋4.8t＋11.如何描述用运动员从起跳到入水的过程中运动的快慢程度呢？直觉告诉我们，运动员从起跳到入水的过程中，在上升阶段运动的越来越慢，在下降阶段运动的越来越快，我们可以把整个运动时间段分成许多小段，用运动员在每段时间内的平均速度v ?近似的描述它的运动状态。
人教版高中历史必修3文艺复兴和宗教改革说课稿2篇
师：在科学发展过程中，前一个理论体系的不完善之处，往往是新的研究和新的发现的突破口。开普勒之后，意大利天文学家伽利略创制了天文望远镜，用更加精确的观察继续发展和验证哥白尼创立的新天文学理论。除了用望远镜进行天文观察以外，伽利略还开始进行自然科学的实验研究，哪位同学能给大家讲一讲伽利略在比萨斜塔上所作的关于物体自由下落的实验？生：（讲述这一实验）师：所以，伽利略在科学方面更加重要的贡献是奠定了近代实验科学的基础。（2）实验科学和唯物主义师：伽利略从实践上开辟了实验科学的方法，而英国唯物主义哲学家培根则从理论上阐述了实验科学的方法——归纳法。培根和伽利略同被称为实验科学之父，培根还有一句影响深刻的名言：“知识就是力量”，表明了他注重知识，尊崇科学的精神。我们再来概括一下意大利哲学家布鲁诺的唯物主义思想，是否有同学可以简述布鲁诺的生平事迹？
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Reading for Writing教学设计
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking＆Talking教学设计二
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading and Thinking教学设计一
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading for Writing教学设计二
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand，70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also，space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well－organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation？
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
4. A：We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B：↙Who?A：We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降调说Who，其意思是问，对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking教学设计
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5：After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading for Writing教学设计二
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸！It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 the value of money-Reading For Writing教学设计一
【参考范文】Narrator：(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H＝Henry；B＝Barber；R＝rude manH：Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B：(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H：Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B：It's quite expensive here, you know！Are you sure you can afford it?H：Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R：Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B：All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R：Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H：Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B：This man's in a hurry. H：Well so am I！I insist that you cut my hair first. B：OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H：Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B：Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H：Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R：You're that Mr Adams! Well，I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B：Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry！(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about！Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut！It will be my honour to serve you!
人教版高中地理必修2从市中心到郊区，你选择住哪里说课稿
课前活动：分成四组，对南京三个住房地段进行调查，新街口夫子庙、板仓、仙林，对住房居民进行问卷调查，自行设计调查问卷，分析该地段的房价要求，居民的要求，居民为何要在该地段购买住房，基础设施设置等等其它与居民购房有关的因素。◆设计意图：利用课前小组探究形式对所学问题进行相关调查，不仅让学生掌握知识了解知识来源于社会还能培养学生深入生活交际表达能力以及合作探究能力；3.问题设计同学们，不知道你们在调查过程中是否发现一个问题，郊区的房子，特别是别墅，都是些高档居所，许多有钱人的居住场所，那为什么会这样呢？伴随着城市化进程中居民都往城里挤，为什么还会有许多有钱人往郊区搬呢？这就是我们今天要研究的第二个问题：逆城市化。◆设计意图：承转过渡知识，从购房选择因素的学习过渡到郊区化的学习，同时培养学生发现问题的能力，给学生以启迪。
人教版高中语文必修2《就任北京大学校长之演说》说课稿3篇
（三）教学重、难点1、教学重点：结合课文，了解演讲辞针对性强、条理清楚、通俗易懂、适当的感情色彩等特点。2、教学难点：深入理解文章内涵，联系现实，体会本文的现实意义二、说学情高中学生在初中阶段已经接触过演讲辞了，对演讲词的特点已经有了一些基本的知识，因此本轮的教学应该让他们在此基础上有所提高。本文是学生在高中阶段第一次接触演讲辞，有必要让他们了解演讲辞的特点及课文如何体现这些特点的。随着年龄的增长，生活阅历的增加，高中学生正逐渐形成自己对世界、对人生的看法，蔡元培先生的这篇文章能很好地激发他们对当前的高中学习和未来的大学生活进行思考。此外，学生对北大的历史及蔡元培先生作这番演讲的时代背景了解不深，应作出补充说明。
人教版高中语文必修2《亲近自然写景要抓住特征》说课稿2篇
我选取这两组例子的目的就是要学生在阅读对比中明白“横看成岭侧成峰。远近高低各不同”的道理。要让学生明白：看同一景物，观者所处的方位不同，角度不同，收到的效果也不同。最后教师明确：要写出景物的特征，首先得仔细观察，并注意观察点的变化。然后追问：抓住景物的特征还有哪些要求？让学生带着问题再来看多媒体出示的夜晚荷塘图和泰山松的有关图片，先让学生尝试描写，然后再出示《荷塘月色》和《雨中登泰山》中和图片有关的两段描写。这两段分别是：“曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子……仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。”（《荷塘月色》），“但是把人的心灵带到一种崇高境界的，是那些“吸翠霞而夭矫的松树……都让你觉得他们是泰山的天然主人，好象少了谁都不应该似的。”（《雨中登泰山》）。
人教版高中语文必修2《孔雀东南飞并序》说课稿2篇
4、问题策略。引导学生提出问题、提出有价值的问题，是探究性学习的难点，也是课堂教学最有活力、最具创造力的亮点。我设计的课堂问题有：诗歌着力赞颂刘焦坚贞爱情和反抗精神，但他们许多地方却表现的非常顺从呢？焦母如此专横固执，为什么在焦刘悲剧发生后又要求合葬呢？这些由诗句生发的问题，会深深打动作学生的心灵，诱导学生去读诗，去背诗，去体味诗。5、手段方法。借助多媒体课件10个幻灯片、课文音频诵读资料、课文相关的文字资料，采用诵读法、讨论法、探究法等教学方法进行本课教学。6、板书设计：板书是教学内容的浓缩。根据教学重点和本诗特色，我的板书分预设和生成两块。预设板书设计有文章标题、情节结构、艺术特色三部分。文章标题孔雀东南飞情节结构被遣——誓别——抗婚——殉情——化鸟艺术手法①人物对话的个性化②铺陈排比的手法③起兴和尾声
人教版高中语文必修2《归园田居（其一）》说课稿2篇
我还运用多媒体投影幻灯片给学生设置两组相互对照的选项，让同学们根据幻灯片选择：你赞同每组中那一种价值取向？一组是功名、进取、高官、厚禄与自然、隐逸、本性、自由。另一组是科学、发展、强大、集中与诗意、和谐、柔弱、个体。经过合作探究，讨论解答，学生结合陶渊明的归隐对第一组讨论探究的应该比较容易，而对第二组的理解探究会出现一定的难度，教师可以就学生的情感价值观方面适当的给予点拨引导：幻灯片上面的第二组文字通过对比，给我们提供了两种价值取向，你是要通过科学、发展、强大和集中来实现遨游太空等童话，那就势必会令我们放弃了诗意的童话，只关注工业的发展，城市面积的扩大，乡村田园必将减少 。你还是要维护生态平衡，保护一切的多样性呢？我认为诗意永远要领导科学，梅罗和陶渊明就共同表达了八个字——诗意、和谐、柔弱和个体。你的本性在田园，当我们身心疲惫时，我们都需要一个心灵的家园，所以我希望大家无论做何选择都能够守住我们那片宁静、祥和的心灵家园。
人教版高中语文必修3《杜甫诗三首 秋兴八首》说课稿2篇
师：“两开”是什么意思啊？注解里是怎么说的？第二次开，也就说他在这个地方已经待了两年了，这里是他回家的路途中，是不是？路途中他停留了两年时间。好的，你先请坐。你觉得残菊不能两开，在理解上好像存在一些误差。赵勇：因为菊花古往今来代表着对家乡的思念。师：菊花代表对家乡的思念？（下面学生齐笑）这种说法牵强了些，菊花在古代象征着高洁，梅兰竹菊是四君子嘛。赵勇：写这首诗时，他已经打算回故乡了，所以不应该写“残菊”，写“残菊”的话……师：事实上，他回不了故乡。好的，请坐。再想想，“残菊”意味着什么？破败。“丛菊”呢？茂盛。那这里说“两开他日泪”，“两开”是什么意思？开了两了次了，这说明他在这里已经待了两年了。那“他日泪”又是什么意思？赵勇：应该是他看到这里的菊花开得这么茂盛，就想到了故乡的菊花也是开的茂盛的时候。如果是“残菊”的话，那故乡的菊也会开得很残败。（下面学生齐笑）
人教版高中语文必修3《杜甫诗三首 咏怀古迹》说课稿2篇
第三，说教学重点和难点。根据课程标准的具体要求、学生实际和社会实际以及教材的逻辑结构和教学体系，我认为本课的重难点是以下几个方面。教学重点：1．理解王昭君的形象2．深入理解杜甫在诗中的情感教学难点：理解寓意，把握主旨。第四，说教法与学法。教法：根据课文特点和学生实际情况，以诵读法（示范朗读、学生齐读）、问题探究法、点拨法、讨论分析法进行教学。首先激发学生学习本文的兴趣；然后引导学生反复吟哦诵读，在读的过程中质疑、思考、品析、鉴赏；最后在教师适当的点拨下，在集体的热烈讨论中，理解作者的感情，得到新的认识。（解说：使学生在教师的主导下围绕中心议题发表各自的意见，相互交流，相互启发，相互争议，激发他们主动去获取知识，培养健康情感。）
人教版高中历史必修2从“战时共产主义”到“斯大林模式”说课稿2篇
【课堂小结】本课主要讲述俄国十月革命后进行经济建设，并在建设中进行社会主义探索，期间先后出现了战时共产主义政策、新经济政策和斯大林模式，这些政策和体制的产生都是历史和当时现实有关，但也反映出在建设社会主义中既有成功的也由重大失误，主要在于缺乏现成的政策和模式可供借鉴，更在于理论上的缺乏。斯大林模式的形成同苏联当时社会生产力的发展水平相适应，它在初期和战争时期曾发挥了巨大作用，使苏联成为强大的社会主义国家。它建立的高度集中的计划经济体制和新型的工业化模式是苏联进行社会主义建设中的探索和创新，对二战后社会主义国家产生了深刻影响，促进这些国家国民经济的恢复和发展，形成了足以同资本主义相抗衡的社会主义阵营。但是，它没有解决社会主义民主政治建设和经济运行的一系列根本问题，违背了列宁关于把文化经济建设当作工作重心的指示，仍把政治斗争放在第一位。
人教版高中历史必修2第二次工业革命说课稿2篇
②内燃机的发明推动了交通运输领域的革新。19世纪末，新型的交通工具——汽车出现了。1885年，德国人卡尔·本茨成功地制成了第一辆用汽油内燃机驱动的汽车。1896年，美国人亨利·福特制造出他的第一辆四轮汽车。与此同时，许多国家都开始建立汽车工业。随后，以内燃机为动力的内燃机车、远洋轮船、飞机等也不断涌现出来。1903年，美国人莱特兄弟制造的飞机试飞成功，实现了人类翱翔天空的梦想，预告了交通运输新纪元的到来。③内燃机的发明推动了石油开采业的发展和石油化学工业的产生。石油也像电力一样成为一种极为重要的新能源。1870年，全世界开采的石油只有80万吨，到1900年猛增至2 000万吨。（3）化学工业的发展：①无机化学工业：用化学反应的方式开始从煤焦油中提炼氨、笨、等，用化学合成的方式，美国人发明了塑料，法国人发明了纤维，瑞典人发明了炸药等。
