The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
当孩子们由父母陪同时,他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3.过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时,相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看,整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟,我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动,她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来,但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时,可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟着两个学生,老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.报纸报道说有一百多人在暴风雨中丧生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,以及by、before后面接过去的时间时,主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10岁前就已经被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生产了好几吨大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引导的定语从句中,主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去事实相反,且主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一点得到他的指示,我早就完成这项任务了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快点的话,我就不会误了火车。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚会,你就会见到他的。
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2.动词ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动词ing②名词所有格+动词ing③代词宾格+动词ing④名词+动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我没能按时来。His father's being ill made him worried.他父亲病了,他很担心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。
一、高度重视,加强领导 学校领导高度重视,及时召开专题会议安排、部署20**年“防灾减灾宣传日”主题宣传活动;成立了以李校长为组长的学校“应急避险大演练”和“防灾减灾宣传日”主题宣传活动领导小组;制定了“应急避险大演练”和“防灾减灾宣传日”主题宣传活动实施方案。牢固树立“珍爱生命、安全第一”的意识,坚持以人为本,本着对学校安全工作高度负责的态度,认真负起了学校安全教育的领导责任,切实把安全教育摆上学校议事日程,作为学校安全工作的一项重要内容来抓,精心组织,周密安排,力争使“防灾减灾宣传日”主题宣传活动取得实实在在的效果。 二、广泛宣传,营造氛围 学校利用5月12日课间操时间举行了20**年“防灾减灾日”主题宣传活动启动仪式,做好宣传教育发动工作,营造宣传活动氛围。学校还结合自身实际,充分利用校园广播、墙报、标语以及班会活动等方式,通过召开主题班会等途径,深入开展防灾减灾知识宣教工作,动员每名师生关注身边的灾害风险,积极参与防灾减灾和应急管理工作,增强防灾减灾意识。通过形式多样的宣传教育活动使防灾减灾教育真正的走进了校园、走进了课堂、也走进了学生的脑海。
一、从严做好疫情防控工作节前,区委常委、区政府副区长xx,区委常委、宣传部长xx,区政府副区长xx分别带队检查文旅场所疫情防控和节日安全工作,区文化旅游委召开国庆节前安全生产疫情防控暨廉政教育工作会,发布2023年国庆期间及前后疫情防控措施。节假日期间,xx副区长主持召开国庆期间文化旅游行业疫情防控调度会,要求从严从紧抓好文化和旅游行业疫情防控工作。按照市文化旅游委《关于扎实做好2023年国庆节期间文化和旅游假日市场相关工作的通知》要求,督导A级景区严格落实“限量、预约、错峰”要求,对所有入园游客进行扫码测温,查验72小时核酸检测阴性证明,符合属地疫情防控要求的方可进入;督导星级饭店加强通风消毒,对入住人员查验健康码,查验72小时内核酸检测阴性证明;督导辖区旅行社和在线旅游企业严格落实跨省旅游经营活动“熔断”机制;督导文化经营场所和公共文化单位严格落实各项疫情防控要求,对进入场所人员严格落实扫码、测温等疫情防控措施。按照非必要不举办原则,减少大型演出、展览、会议、培训等聚集性活动。加强从业人员的健康监测和管理,及时掌握员工健康状态、出行轨迹等情况,坚决防止带病上岗,严格落实当地疫情防控政策。
虽然我们具备了创建全国文明城市的一定条件,但我们还要充分认识到全国文明城市是所有城市品牌中含金量最高、创建难度最大的一个,是最能反映城市整体文明水平的综合性荣誉称号。环境整洁、卫生清洁、交通文明是城市文明的最直接表现,是成功创文的重要保证。今天举办启动仪式的目的是明确目标,提振士气,提升信心,在今后工作中,还靠大家发扬“钉钉子精神”和“工匠精神”,敢于担当,敢于作为。借今天的机会,我想提三点意见,与大家一起共勉,携手共创全国文明城市:
从国际法角度看,国际社会的每一个主权国家应该是一律平等的,但是,在现实的国际关系中,每个国家的国际地位、国际影响力,历来都是由国家力量决定的。国家力量发生变化,也会引起国际关系的变化。经济、科技落后,军力不强,国内政局不安,它的国际影响力、参与力就不强。正因为如此,某些发达国家往往以其强大的国家力量为后盾,推行霸权主义、强权政治。二、维护我国的国家利益教师活动:阅读教材第100页内容,思考讨论为什么要维护我国的国家利益?我国的国家利益包括哪些内容?学生活动:认真思考并积极讨论,踊跃发言1、原因我国是人民当家作主的社会主义国家,国家利益与人民的根本利益相一致。维护我国的国家利益就是维护广大人民的根本利益,具有正当性和正义性。2、内容我国国家利益的主要内容包括:安全利益,如国家的统一、独立、主权和领土完整;政治利益,如我国政治、经济、文化等制度的巩固;经济利益,如我国资源利用的效益、经济活动的利益和国家物质基础的增强等。
思考:1)材料1、2反映了一个什么样的严重问题?(饥饿和粮食问题)2)材料3中,中国农民为什么那样说?(邓小平在全国实行的以家庭联产承包责任制为主要形式的责任制调动了农民生产的积极性,解放了农村生产力,推动了农业的发展;袁隆平的杂交水稻提高了水稻产量,增加了农民的收入,解决了农民的吃饭问题)3)据以上材料指出,袁隆平研究的交水稻有何重大意义?(杂交稻不仅解决了中国人的吃饭问题;而且其在世界范围的推广,也有助于解决世界性的饥饿问题)四、计算机技术与生物技术的发展1、20世纪50年代,我国开始了计算机的研制工作;2、1983年,我国成功研制出巨型计算机“银河-Ⅰ号”,加速了国家信息化的发展;3、1965年,中国首次人工合成结晶牛胰岛素(在世界上第一次用人工方法合成出具有生物活性的蛋白质——结晶牛胰岛素) 。4、积极参与人类基因的研究(唯一的发展中国家)。
学生活动:认真阅读,积极思考。教师总结:这样一个人口大国,依靠外国是不能解决温饱问题的,更谈不上社会主义现代化。实行对外开放,发展对外经济关系,必须坚持独立自主、自力更生原则,并以此为自己发展的根本基点。但坚持坚持独立自主、自力更生,并不是闭关自守、盲目排外,而是在立足自身基础上实行对外开放,把二者结合起来。(三)课堂总结、点评这节课我们重点学习了我国对外开放方面的有关知识,知道了在经济全球化的国际大趋势下,社会主义现代化建设必须实行对外开放,积极参与国际经济竞争与合作。了解了我国对外开放的成就、格局、新形势下的基本政策和战略。这对于我们在正确地认识国际经济关系,增强社会主义优越感和民族自强意识,自觉投身现代化建设等将有重大指导作用。
(3)外资经济 教师活动:外资经济是指外国投资者和港澳台投资者根据我国法律法规,在我国大陆设立的独资企业以及中外合资企业、中外合作企业中的外商投资部分。他有利于引进外资和先进技术,学习境外先进管理经验,有利于扩大就业、扩大出口,增加财政收入。 提醒学生注意中外合资企业、中外合作企业中的外商投资部分,不是指中外合资企业、中外合作企业全部资产。并简略介绍中外合资企业与中外合作企业的区别。(4)非公有制经济的地位 是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。教师点拨:请同学们注意比较,非公有制经济的地位与前面集体经济的地位有什么不同?学生活动:积极思考,回答问题教师点拨:集体经济的地位,是社会主义公有制经济的重要组成部分。社会主义公有制经济与社会主义市场经济这两个说法是不同的。(简单了解即可)4、为什么坚持以公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展
二、适合我国国情的根本政治制度1、人民代表大会制度的主要内容国家的一切权力属于人民;人民在普选的基础上选举代表,组成各级人民代表大会作为国家权力机关;由国家权力机关产生其他国家机关,依法行使各自的职权;实行民主集中制的组织和活动原则等。2、为什么说人民代表大会制度是适合我国国情的根本政治制度(1)人民代表大会制度是由人民民主专政的社会主义国家性质决定的,是建立其他国家管理制度的基础,是中国社会主义民主政治最鲜明的特点。(2)人民代表大会制度以人民当家作主为宗旨,真正保证了人民群众参加国家管理,充分体现了人民的意志和利益。(3)实践证明,我国人民民主专政的国体和人民代表大会制度的政体,是中国人民奋斗的成果和历史的选择,是适合我国国情的政治制度。(4)建设社会主义民主政治,最重要的是坚持和完善人民代表大会制度,决不照搬西方的政治制度模式。
(三)合作探究、精讲点拨一、我国的政权组织形式教师活动:引导学生阅读教材58页“走进我国的国家机关”材料,同时思考所提出的问题。学生活动:阅读课本,讨论问题。教师点评:这一组镜头反映了我国国家机构中人民代表大会与其他国家机关的关系,从中可以看出,我国人民是如何通过人民代表大会制度组建国家机关、开展管理国家的各种政治活动的。1、我国的政体(1)政体是一个国家的政权机关的组织形式。也就是通过什么方式、制度来组建国家政权机关的。教师活动:引导学生阅读教材59、60页“专家点评、名词点击”材料,同时思考:国家机构一般由哪些国家机关组成?我国的国家机构的组成情况是怎样的?。学生活动:阅读课本,讨论问题。教师点评:国家机构一般由国家元首、立法机关、行政机关、司法机关组成。不同国家在具体设置上有所不同。我国的立法机关是全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会,它与地方各级人民代表大会组成国家权力机关,并同其他国家机关共同组成我国的国家机构体系。
一、课程标准:1.2比较单一制与联邦制的区别,理解国家形式既包括政权组织形式,又包括国家结构形式。 二、新课教学:现代国家的结构形式(一)、民族与国家1、民族与国家结构形式的关系(1)、国家结构形式①含义:如果说国家管理形式主要是指国家的立法、行政和司法机关之问的相互关系,那么,国家结构形式就是指国家的整体与部分、中央与地方之间的相互关系。补充:国家政权组制形式即政体与国家结构形式同属国家形式,但是两者有严格的区别:前者是指政权如何组织,后者是指中央与地方之间的相互关系。②民族是影响国家结构形式的因素之一影响国家结构形式的因素有很多,民族就是其中之一。(2)、民族①含义:民族是人类历史上形成的有共同语言、共同地域、共同经济生活、共同心理素质的稳定的共同体。补充:民族是一种社会历史现象,有其产生、发展和灭亡的过程。
【考点搜索】理解中国国土整治的必要性、主要内容及其与区域可持续发展的关系。【教材分析】本课是我国国土整治与区域发展的一个开篇,目的是让学生了解国土整治的概念、意义、我国进行国土整治的必要性和迫切性、我国国土整治的重点工程、国土整治与区域发展的关系。使学生了解我国实施国土整治与区域发展的一些基本理论和原则,为以后各单元讨论典型地区的国土整治与区域发展奠定理论基础。◆重要图释1、图2.2“中国防护林体系规划示意图”防护林体系工程是中国生态工程建设的基本框架,覆盖了我国主要水土流失区、风沙危害区、盐碱区和台风区。图中深绿色区域为“三北”防护林体系建设规划区、浅绿色区域为长江中上游防护林体系建设规划区、紫色区域为沿海防护林体系建设规划区。其中“三北”防护林体系工程是世界最大的生态工程。
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