一、情境导学我国著名数学家吴文俊先生在《数学教育现代化问题》中指出:“数学研究数量关系与空间形式,简单讲就是形与数,欧几里得几何体系的特点是排除了数量关系,对于研究空间形式,你要真正的‘腾飞’,不通过数量关系,我想不出有什么好的办法…….”吴文俊先生明确地指出中学几何的“腾飞”是“数量化”,也就是坐标系的引入,使得几何问题“代数化”,为了使得空间几何“代数化”,我们引入了坐标及其运算.二、探究新知一、空间直角坐标系与坐标表示1.空间直角坐标系在空间选定一点O和一个单位正交基底{i,j,k},以点O为原点,分别以i,j,k的方向为正方向、以它们的长为单位长度建立三条数轴:x轴、y轴、z轴,它们都叫做坐标轴.这时我们就建立了一个空间直角坐标系Oxyz,O叫做原点,i,j,k都叫做坐标向量,通过每两个坐标轴的平面叫做坐标平面,分别称为Oxy平面,Oyz平面,Ozx平面.
老师们、同学们,大家新年好!伴随着雄壮的义勇军进行曲,鲜艳的五星红旗再次在我们眼前冉冉升起,一个充满希望的新学期已经开始了。大家刚刚经过了一个愉快而有意义的寒假,度过了一个非常值得回味的新春佳节。回首刚刚过去的一年,全体同学勤奋好学,全体教职工严谨教学。过去的一年我们全体竹中人齐心协力、勤奋学习、扎实工作,学校获得了很好的发展,同学们取得了不错的成绩。XX年高考我校再创辉煌,大批同学被高校录取,在上学期期中、期末考试中我校成绩表现良好。全体教师的专业素养得到了很好的发展和提升,在溧阳市第九批“四类优秀教师”评选中,我校有24位老师被评为“四类优秀教师”,在学科基本功竞赛和优秀课评比中,我校有10多位老师获等级奖,同时学校也承担了10多次市级学科教研活动和校际教研活动,2次学科理事会年会活动。同时,学生的特长和能力也得到了很好的彰显,在参加江苏省第十五届作文大赛中,有35位同学获奖。在初中英语口语比赛中有3位同学分别获一等奖和三等奖。在八年级“古诗文创作”比赛中有2位同学获奖,同时有不少同学被评为省、市、校级“三好学生”、“优秀学生干部”。等等。
一、导入新课成为一位科学家是无数有志青年的梦想,对物理的探究更是许多年轻的学子孜孜以求的,我们来看一下加来道雄的成长道路,或许能得到一些启发。(板书)一名物理学家的教育历程二、明确目标1.引导学生从生活出发,了解科学、认识科学2.引导学生以“教育历程”为重点,探讨其中表现的思想内涵。三、整体感知1.作者简介加来道雄,美籍日裔物理学家,毕业于美国哈佛大学,获加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校哲学博士学位,后任纽约市立大学城市学院理论物理学教授。主要著作有《超越爱因斯坦》(与特雷纳合著)《量子场论》《超弦导论》。2.本文的基本结构文章的题目是“一名物理学家的教育历程”,因此,叙述的顺序主要是历时性的。但是,作者开头就说“童年的两件趣事极大地丰富了我对世界的理解力,并且引导我走上成为一个理论物理学家的历程。”而“童年的两件趣事”作为文章的主要内容,又是共时性的叙述。这样的结构安排,使文章既脉络清楚,又重点突出。
1、外汇与外币的关系:(1)外汇包括外币,但外汇不等于就是外币。外币是指外国的货币,包括外国的纸币、铸币;外汇通常是以外国货币表示的用于国际间结算的支付手段,具体包括外币、外币有价证券、外币支付凭证等。(2)外币属于外汇的范围,但不能把二者等同起来。通常情况下,只有可以自由兑换的外币才是外汇,因为外汇的实质是国际支付手段,如果某种货币不能自由兑换,它就不能成为国际支付手段。外汇执行的 主要是货币的支付手段的职能。(3)持有外汇意味着对外汇发行国拥有债权。持有外汇过多,一方面意味着国际支付能力强和有可能对外汇发行国施加影响;另一方面则意味着大量该由本国享受的资源,被借给外国利用,并要承担外汇贬值的风险。2、关于币值变化的分析:(1)对货币升值的具体分析:一个国家的货币升值(上浮)后,同量的这种货币能比以前换 取更多的他国货币,买到更多的他国商品。
可爱的同学们、可敬的老师们:大家好! 结束了愉快的暑假生活,今天我们又聚集在xx小学校园里,迎接最有希望和生机的XX学年第一学期。今天是新一学期开学的第一天,我们在这里举行新学期升旗仪式,借此机会,我代表咱们学校,向全校师生致以最诚挚的祝福,祝全体同学和老师在新的一学期里身心健康、工作顺利、学习进步、梦想成真。 本学期,有六位新老师和一年级六十六位新同学加入了xx小学这个大家庭,请大家用热烈的掌声,对新老师和新同学表示最热烈的欢迎! 过去的一学年,在全体师生的共同努力下,学校取得了不少成绩,获得了不少荣誉。这是全体学生刻苦努力、勤奋学习的结果,更是老师们辛勤耕耘、用心浇灌的结果,它必将鼓舞我们满怀信心、昂首阔步踏上新学年的阳光大道! 同学们,面对徐徐升起的五星红旗,你们在想什么呢?作为一个小学生,如何使自己成为家庭的好孩子、学校的好学生、社会的好少年呢?将来如何更好地适应新形势的需求,把自己塑造成为符合时代发展的、能为社会作贡献的人才呢?
活动过程:一、应对长假综合症。制定目标,努力奋斗。1.又一个暑假过去了,假期里你都干些什么了?有什么收获和感触?2.你是否还渴望尽情地玩电脑、手机游戏?3.那么,我们该怎么办呢?应该做两件事:应对长假综合症。制定目标,努力奋斗。1.视觉疲劳症。由于长时间上网、打游戏、看电视、看碟,长时间面对屏幕,增加了眼睛和大脑的负担,导致眼睛红肿、全身酸痛、精神萎靡。2.消化不良症。由于身体摄入过多的高脂肪或热量高的食物,加重了肠胃的负担,引起消化不良。3.上学恐惧症。与平时的快节奏生活相比,节日期间一旦彻底放松,生活规律就被打破,于是造成心理和生理的种种不适,产生失落厌倦和恐惧感。4.旅游后遗症。旅途一族劳顿和饮食不规律,打破了身体的酸碱平衡,外加环境改变、水土不服,极易出现感冒发烧、角膜发炎、牙痛、口腔溃疡等各种疾病。
老师们,同学们:大家上午好!今天我演讲的题目是:《开学第一课观后感》。央视一套9月4日晚播出的《XX开学第一课:英雄不朽》为我们翻开历史的画卷,让我们重温那个“风雨交加”的年代,那个谱写着传奇的年代。 70年前的我们没有强大的武器,没有舒适的服装,面对列强的一次又一次侵略,有的只是种不服输的念头。列强把守家的堡垒炸出个大洞,没关系我们还有自己的身躯,用我们 的血肉筑成我们新的长城,这句话,并不是所谓的空中楼阁。现在的我们或许无法切实的体会到当初先辈们的艰辛,但我们知道也懂得我们今天的幸福生活是先辈们用自己的身躯替我们打开的幸福之门,我们今天所有的一切,都来自先 辈无怨无悔的付出,振奋其中又何尝不带着一种感激之情?
【文章导读】讲话稿有广义和狭义之分。广义的讲话稿是人们在特定场合发表讲话的文稿;狭义的讲话稿即一般所说的领导讲话稿,是各级领导在各种会议上发表带有宣传、指示、总结性质讲话的文稿。下面是小编为您整理的第二学期国旗下讲话稿,供您参考和借鉴。【篇一】第二学期国旗下讲话稿 老师们、同学们:今天我国旗下讲话的题目是“弘扬雷锋精神、做全面发展东湖人”,高中第二学期国旗下讲话稿范文)。50多年来,全国各地积极开展向雷锋学习的活动,一代又一代的青年在活动中受到教育,茁壮成长;50多年来,千百万青少年在这一号召的指引下,积极地投入到伟大民族复兴和现代化建设的历史洪流中,创造了令世界瞩目的辉煌。50多年的发展和沉淀,“雷锋”已不仅仅是一个人的名字,“雷锋精神”更不仅仅是一个人的精神,“雷锋”和“雷锋精神”一道,已深深扎根到中国这片广袤的土地中,它们已经成为中华民族精神的一个闪亮的符号。学习雷锋同志,弘扬雷锋精神,已成为中华民族持续发展的需要,时代发展的必然要求。
二十年前,我们还是~~学校的学子,在母校的养育下,在老师们的辛勤栽培中,我们一步步的成长为一名名出色的毕业生。回顾那三年的时间,那真是一段既美好又短暂的时光,那是我们共同生活的时光。比起这二十年来,这三年的长度也许遥不可及,但是无论我们在这二十年里经历了多少,这三年,依旧是我们最为美好的记忆!
2.发展幼儿的观察力,培养幼儿简单的推理能力。 3.感知十二生肖所包括的12种动物、十二生肖的排列顺序,感知、了解十二生肖一年一种属相,12年一个轮回的规律。 活动准备: 1.教具:自制生肖钟、山洞大山的图片。 2.学具:蛋糕盒制作的钟面、十二生肖的图片.胶水等 3.知识准备:幼儿认识时钟。 活动重点:幼儿知道十二生肖的排列顺序。 活动难点:知道十二生肖每12年轮回一次。 活动过程: 一、导入 出示生肖钟,引出课题,激发幼儿兴趣。 二、展开 1.了解十二生肖的12种动物,简单的感知其排列顺序,理解其含义。 (1)请幼儿说出钟面上有多少种动物,为什么?我们来数一数,看看是不是12种。从哪开始数呢?老鼠第一?谁第二?谁第六?小兔第几? (2)小朋友当中有没有属“小老鼠”的?为什么说自己是属“小老鼠”的?(引出“属相”一词,丰富幼儿词汇)小朋友还知道有什么属相?
《函数的单调性与最大(小)值}》系人教A版高中数学必修第一册第三章第二节的内容,本节包括函数的单调性的定义与判断及其证明、函数最大(小)值的求法。在初中学习函数时,借助图像的直观性研究了一些函数的增减性,这节内容是初中有关内容的深化、延伸和提高函数的单调性是函数众多性质中的重要性质之一,函数的单调性一节中的知识是前一节内容函数的概念和图像知识的延续,它和后面的函数奇偶性,合称为函数的简单性质,是今后研究指数函数、对数函数、幂函数及其他函数单调性的理论基础;在解决函数值域、定义域、不等式、比较两数大小等具体问需用到函数的单调性;同时在这一节中利用函数图象来研究函数性质的救开结合思想将贯穿于我们整个高中数学教学。
《函数的单调性与最大(小)值》是高中数学新教材第一册第三章第2节的内容。在此之前,学生已学习了函数的概念、定义域、值域及表示法,这为过渡到本节的学习起着铺垫作用。学生在初中已经学习了一次函数、二次函数、反比例函数的图象,在此基础上学生对增减性有一个初步的感性认识,所以本节课是学生数学思想的一次重要提高。函数单调性是函数概念的延续和拓展,又是后续研究指数函数、对数函数等内容的基础,对进一步研究闭区间上的连续函数最大值和最小值的求法和实际应用,对解决各种数学问题有着广泛作用。课程目标1、理解增函数、减函数 的概念及函数单调性的定义;2、会根据单调定义证明函数单调性;3、理解函数的最大(小)值及其几何意义;4、学会运用函数图象理解和研究函数的性质.数学学科素养
1.确定研究对象,明确哪个是解释变量,哪个是响应变量;2.由经验确定非线性经验回归方程的模型;3.通过变换,将非线性经验回归模型转化为线性经验回归模型;4.按照公式计算经验回归方程中的参数,得到经验回归方程;5.消去新元,得到非线性经验回归方程;6.得出结果后分析残差图是否有异常 .跟踪训练1.一只药用昆虫的产卵数y与一定范围内的温度x有关,现收集了6组观测数据列于表中: 经计算得: 线性回归残差的平方和: ∑_(i=1)^6?〖(y_i-(y_i ) ?)〗^2=236,64,e^8.0605≈3167.其中 分别为观测数据中的温度和产卵数,i=1,2,3,4,5,6.(1)若用线性回归模型拟合,求y关于x的回归方程 (精确到0.1);(2)若用非线性回归模型拟合,求得y关于x回归方程为 且相关指数R2=0.9522. ①试与(1)中的线性回归模型相比较,用R2说明哪种模型的拟合效果更好 ?②用拟合效果好的模型预测温度为35℃时该种药用昆虫的产卵数.(结果取整数).
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【参考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
4.已知△ABC三个顶点坐标A(-1,3),B(-3,0),C(1,2),求△ABC的面积S.【解析】由直线方程的两点式得直线BC的方程为 = ,即x-2y+3=0,由两点间距离公式得|BC|= ,点A到BC的距离为d,即为BC边上的高,d= ,所以S= |BC|·d= ×2 × =4,即△ABC的面积为4.5.已知直线l经过点P(0,2),且A(1,1),B(-3,1)两点到直线l的距离相等,求直线l的方程.解:(方法一)∵点A(1,1)与B(-3,1)到y轴的距离不相等,∴直线l的斜率存在,设为k.又直线l在y轴上的截距为2,则直线l的方程为y=kx+2,即kx-y+2=0.由点A(1,1)与B(-3,1)到直线l的距离相等,∴直线l的方程是y=2或x-y+2=0.得("|" k"-" 1+2"|" )/√(k^2+1)=("|-" 3k"-" 1+2"|" )/√(k^2+1),解得k=0或k=1.(方法二)当直线l过线段AB的中点时,A,B两点到直线l的距离相等.∵AB的中点是(-1,1),又直线l过点P(0,2),∴直线l的方程是x-y+2=0.当直线l∥AB时,A,B两点到直线l的距离相等.∵直线AB的斜率为0,∴直线l的斜率为0,∴直线l的方程为y=2.综上所述,满足条件的直线l的方程是x-y+2=0或y=2.
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