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湖北省十堰市2021年中考语文试题（解析版）
十七岁那年夏天，父母送我去大学报到。我们住在一个简陋的小旅馆，旅馆对面有一个花坛，母亲在那里第一次看到了一种奇怪的花。小小的五瓣花瓣，组合成一张人的脸谱，有眼睛有鼻子有嘴巴，五官是深紫色，脸膛是浅紫色或嫩黄色。母亲对花的知识匮乏，直接称之为“人脸花”。
贵州省安顺市2021年中考语文试题（解析版）
有一天，人们意料之中发现，稻穗腼腆地探出头来。不久，稻穗上挂满了细密的稻花。在人们眼中，稻花是世界上最香、最美丽的花儿。人们站在田埂上，面对田野，深深地呼吸着空气中的芬芳，在心里描画着一个金色的童话世界。可是，人们怕水肥不济，怕阳光不足，怕遗受病害，怕辜负了稻花的香气，他们天天忙活个不停，像看护孩子一般，看护着稻们。
湖南省湘西州2021年中考语文试题（原卷版）
《岳阳楼记》选段予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯，朝晖夕阴，气象万千，此则岳阳楼之大观也，前人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡，南极潇湘，迁客骚人，多会于此，览物之情，得无异乎？
湖南省怀化市2021年中考语文试题（解析版）
红网时刻怀化12月4日讯（记者张金东）12月4日上午，怀化好人馆在市图书馆揭开面纱。好人馆以图片、文字等形式，集中展示了198位好人和2个集体的各级道德模范的感人事迹，生动诠释了助人为乐、见义勇为、敬业奉献、诚实守信、孝老爱亲的道德内涵。市委常委、市委宣传部部长罗国宇为好人馆揭牌。一个好人就是一枚火种，一个典型就是一面旗帜，一个模范就是一座丰碑，近年来，怀化市涌现出一大批道德模范和身边好人，宋先钦、周秀芳等人先后荣获“全国道德模范”荣誉称号或者该项荣誉提名奖，先后有34人荣登“中国好人榜”。
湖北省荆门市2021年中考语文试题（解析版）
感旧陆游当年书剑①揖三公②，谈舌如云气吐虹。十丈战尘孤壮志，一簪华发醉秋风。梦回松漠榆关外，身老桑村麦野中。奇士③久埋巴硖骨，灯前慷慨与谁同？
广西贺州市2021年中考语文试题（解析版）
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。
2022年湖南省永州市中考语文真题（解析版）
世有伯乐，然后有千里马。千里马常有，而伯乐不常有。故虽有名马，祗辱于奴隶人之手，骈死于槽枥之间，不以千里称也。马之千里者，一食或尽粟一石。食马者不知其能千里而食也。是马也，虽有千里之能，食不饱，力不足，才美不外见，且欲与常马等不可得，安求其能千里也？策之不以其道，食之不能尽其材，鸣之而不能通其意，执策而临之，曰：“天下无马！”呜呼！其真无马邪？其真不知马也！
XX年秋季开学国旗下讲话稿
尊敬的老师、亲爱的同学们:大家早上好!带着对暑假生活的美好记忆，怀着对新学期新生活的美好向往，我们又回到了宁静的校园，欢聚一堂，并聚集在庄严的国旗下，此时老师和你们一样，心情是非常高兴的。对我们可爱的同学来说，今天是我们成长历程中一个全新的起点;对我们可敬的老师来说，今天是又一段辉煌事业的开始;对我们可亲的学校来说，它所引领的，必将是铁锁关中学灿烂的每一天!这一学期，我们的学校又增加了241名一年级新的学生，你们是我们的新成员、新朋友，对你们的加入表示最衷心地欢迎。秋天是收获的季节，秋天从来都属于辛勤耕耘的人们。在刚刚过去的一学年里，全校师生齐心协力、辛勤工作、努力拼搏，在教育教学质量和师生队伍建设等方面都取得了可喜的成绩，学校在各个方面都得到稳步的发展。亲爱的同学们，成绩已经成为过去，面对新学年新的任务、新的挑战，我们要更加努力。新学期中，我们每一位老师都怀着巨大的企盼期待着你们在阳光下健康快乐的成长。
XX年中秋节国旗下讲话稿
尊敬的老师，亲爱的同学们：大家好!在这秋高气爽的金秋九月，我们又将迎来一年一度的中秋佳节!随着科学技术的飞速发展，生活的节奏越来越快，喧嚣的都市车水马龙，奔波的人们已很难使自己停下来，但是每到八月十五中秋节到来之时，一轮皓月高挂天空，传统佳节的温馨便俘虏了忙碌着的人们的心灵。我们互相传递的礼物，不止是礼物，还是问候，是祝福，是浓浓的民俗文化。中秋之夜，月色皎洁，古人把圆月视为团圆的象征，因此，又称八月十五为“团圆节”。中秋节与元宵节和端午节并称为我国三大传统佳节。究中秋节之来源，与“嫦娥奔月”、“吴刚伐桂”、“玉兔捣药”等神话传说有着密切的关系。故中秋节的民间习俗多与月亮有关。赏月、拜月、吃团圆月饼等，均源于此。古代帝王有春天祭日，秋天祭月的社制，民家也有中秋祭月之风，到了后来赏月重于祭月，严肃的祭祀变成了轻松的欢娱。中秋赏月的风俗在唐代极盛，许多诗人的名篇中都有咏月的诗句，宋代、明代、清代宫廷和民间的拜月赏月活动更具规模。
部编版语文八年级下册《阿西莫夫短文两篇》教案
第一部分（第1~4段），提出关于6500万年前恐龙灭绝的问题，目前存在的两种对立的理论，即“撞击说”和“火山说”。第2和第3自然段先后举了两个例子提出了关于“撞击说”和“火山说”这两种观点。第二部分（第5段至全文完），通过对“被压扁的沙子”的反思，证明外星撞击导致恐龙灭绝，支持“撞击说”。这部分又分四层。第一层（第5、6段），说明关于恐龙灭绝的原因不仅仅是一个学术问题，我们以后也许还会遇到这种情况，因此，科学家们一直都在努力寻找证据来验证这两种理论。第二层（第7~10段），说明1961年一位苏联科学家发现了“斯石英”，并且介绍了它的性质，为下文佐证“撞击说”奠定了基础。第三层（第11~13段），说明斯石英不仅可以在实验室制造，而且它在自然界中是可以存在的，不过它们只出现在沙子被强烈挤压的地方。由此推断撞击是可以产生斯石英的。事实也证明，火山喷发是不会产生斯石英的，从而进一步佐证了“撞击说”。
人教部编版语文八年级下册阿西莫夫短文两篇教案
预设 示例1：“板块背上驮着许多大陆，当板块向一个或另一个方向运动时，大陆也随之一起运动。”“驮”字形象地写出了大陆漂移的样子，使抽象的理论变得生动、有趣、易懂。示例2：“位于南极中心部位的南极洲是全球的大冰箱。”运用了打比方的说明方法，形象地说明了南极洲寒冷的程度和南极洲在地球生态环境中的重要位置。 示例3：“一立方英寸被压扁的沙子比一立方英寸普通的沙子要重得多。”运用作比较的说明方法，说明同体积被压扁的沙子比普通沙子重得多的特点。【设计意图】本环节设计的三个层次的语言赏析，让学生深入文本体会、学习语言简明精练、逻辑性强、幽默风趣的特点，提高学生的语言鉴赏能力，为今后的说明文写作夯实基础。四、总结拓展，激发思维所选的两篇课文就同一对象——恐龙从不同角度思考，从而发现新的论据或得出新的结论。文章给了我们一些有益的启示：不同领域的科学发现可以互相启发，从而有新的发现；要学会从不同角度思考问题。选择下面两个探讨任务之一课外完成。
部编版语文八年级下册《口语交际：即席讲话》教案
【目标导航】1. 掌握即席发言的要领和表达技巧。2. 通过情境创设的训练，克服发言时的紧张心理，学习即席发言的快速构思方法，提高瞬时应变和即席发言能力。3. 进行即席发言的初步尝试，充分调动课堂参与的热情，培养良好的语言习惯，表现出较高的文化素养和气质风度。【课时安排】1课时自由分成学习小组，做好活动计划，分配小组成员交际任务， 围绕“即席讲话”的这个交际主题，做好本次口语交际。【新课导入】即席讲话，也叫即兴发言，是指在某个特定场合，临时受到邀请，由他人提议或自己认为有必要而作的简短讲话。【交际技巧】即席发言有三个特点：一、临场性即席发言既不能事先拟就讲稿，也不能进行试讲，它必须靠临时准备、临场发挥，因此临场性就成了即席发言最主要的特征。
人教部编版语文八年级下册口语交际即席讲话教案
预设 示例：班上分享个人读书经验大家好！既然今天是交流读书体会，那么，我想结合自己的读书体会和大家聊聊读书。一个爱读书的民族，必定是一个文化素质较高的民族;一个爱读书的人，也必定是一个文化素质较高的人。读书能开阔我们的视野，提高我们的写作水平；读书能提升自身修养，丰富我们的人生底蕴。读书是我们精神的呼吸，能让人保持平淡的心境，变得博爱而无私。为了让我们的生活和心灵变得轻盈一些，我们需要读书。那么，应该怎样读书呢?其一，要择书而读。需要的才是最适合的，读适合的书才能有良多收获。如果没有特别需要的书要读，可以读经典。经典是经过岁月沉淀下来的人类智慧的结晶，可以让我们触摸先贤的思想，以充实自身。其二，要读而有术。要对好书反复品味，将其内化吸收，然后进行批判性阅读，有自己的思想主张和拓展探究价值判断;在读书过程中与作者进行辩论，最后形成自己的思想体系，为我所用，而不是让自己的脑袋成为别人思想的“跑马场”。
部编版语文八年级下册《庆祝奥林匹克运动复兴25周年》教案
2004年的雅典奥运会上，孔令辉获得冠军时忘情地亲吻胸前的国徽时，王军霞夺得金牌后激动的身披国旗绕运动场奔跑时，我们的泪水也会与领奖台上以手抚着胸前国徽高唱国歌的运动员的热泪一起落下。为了看体育比赛，我们甚至不惜守候到半夜而无怨无悔。在半夜看比赛时，我总在想：是什么让我们“为伊消得人憔悴”，为什么“总有一种力量让人泪流满面”。现在我有了答案：那是一种奥林匹克精神在激励着我们，在提升着我们。奥林匹克精神的内涵是丰富的。国际奥委会主席罗格在其就任宣言中指出：“奥林匹克的格言是更快、更高、更强。在新世纪来临的时候，或许对体育来讲需要新的格言，那就是更干净、更人性、更团结。” 奥林匹克精神让我们振奋，今天我们就来学习这篇课文《庆祝奥林匹克运动复兴25周年》。
人教部编版语文八年级下册庆祝奥林匹克运动复兴25周年教案
（3）推荐男女生代表各一位在全班进行演讲展示。 （4）围绕“讲”和“演”两方面的技巧，点评演讲效果。（生开展演讲活动，师指导）【设计意图】本环节通过集中梳理演讲技巧，并设计演讲技巧进行演讲展示，引导学生将理论知识逐步运用于具体的演讲实践中，提高学生的演讲能力。五、总结存储1.教师总结现代奥林匹克运动的创始人顾拜旦面对世界政治格局剧变的局面，以战略家的视野指出奥林匹克精神的内涵与价值，用诗歌般的语言阐述了奥林匹克平和自信的内涵，提出了奥林匹克运动的宗旨是教育，是面向大众，是促进和平、公平、公正。他激情澎湃地畅想美好前景，确信奥林匹克精神必将如阳光般普照大地。整篇演讲词站位高、格局广，语言庄重、典雅，值得我们用心体会。2.布置作业学校即将举行春季运动会，如果你被邀请在运动会的开幕式上作为学生代表发言，你将如何演讲？结合你对奥林匹克运动的精神的理解，写一篇300字左右的演讲词，并适当设计一些演讲技巧。
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Discovering useful structures教学设计
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land教学设计
当孩子们由父母陪同时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3．过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (＝If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟，我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (＝Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动，她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (＝Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来，但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (＝and was followed by two students)．后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(＝and was accompanied by his mom)．他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Learning about Language教学设计
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys： 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Reading and thinking教学设计
Step 5： After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Using langauge教学设计
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
