The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
当孩子们由父母陪同时,他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3.过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时,相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看,整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟,我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动,她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来,但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时,可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟着两个学生,老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.报纸报道说有一百多人在暴风雨中丧生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,以及by、before后面接过去的时间时,主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10岁前就已经被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生产了好几吨大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引导的定语从句中,主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去事实相反,且主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一点得到他的指示,我早就完成这项任务了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快点的话,我就不会误了火车。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚会,你就会见到他的。
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2.动词ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动词ing②名词所有格+动词ing③代词宾格+动词ing④名词+动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我没能按时来。His father's being ill made him worried.他父亲病了,他很担心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。
二、说学情本课的教学对象为高二学生,他们思维活跃已具备一定归纳能力和分析、综合能力,能够自主地分析现实生活中的一些文化行为,但看问题往往比较偏激、片面,缺乏良好的逻辑思维能力。所以,在文化创新的途径上要对他们进行指导,以免走入误区。三、教学目标根据新课程标准、教材特点、学生的实际,我确定了如下教学目标:【知识与能力目标】1.理解文化创新的根本途径和两个基本途径;2.了解文化创新过程中需要坚持正确方向,克服错误倾向。
得到13-8=这个算式后,我让小朋友们想办法,“13-8怎么算?你是怎样想的?把你的想法告诉你小组的同学们。”由于我是用讲故事的形式引出这一问题的,因此在计算13-8时,小朋友们就被迫要自己想办法去计算,而不能光借助情境图去直接数出得数。这并不阻碍算法的多样化,相反更好地实现了算法多样化的目的,真正让学生成为了数学学习的主人。为了增加这堂课的趣味性,我有意将学生说出来的各种算法分别以他们的名字来命名,这样一来,学生兴趣盎然,都积极投入到了寻找算法的思考活动中来了。在寻求多样化的过程中,充分发挥了学生学习的主体性,培养了学生的创新精神,让每一个学生都能体验学习的成功。学生们在思考、讨论中可能会出现这样几种算法:
一、说教材分析教材分析:本部分内容是在学生认识了认数的第一阶段—20以内各数认识的基础上,扩展到认数的第二阶段—100以内各数的认识。本阶段的数概念不仅是学习100以内数计算的基础,也是认识更大的自然数的基础。它在日常生活中有着广泛的应用,因此必须使学生切实学好。在分析教材的基础上,灵活的运用教材,我认为开始的主题图,如果10只一群地出示,虽然有利于学生估数,但这样学生能很快地10只10只地数出羊群只数是100,在后面数100个物体的个数时,就会受其影响而10个10个地数,这样的数法,要在学生会逐个数数的基础上自然生成,其实,它比一个一个地数要高一个层次,数数单位由“一”变成了“十”,不利于学生把100以内的数逐个数出来,因此,我把主题图的出示放在了一个一个数物体之后。
1.统计是数学课程标准规定的四个领域之一。传统上比较注重统计图表等知识和根据统计图表回答问题的教学,而课程标准则更加重视学生对数据统计过程的体验,学习一些简单的收集、整理和描述数据的方法,认识统计的作用和意义。这部分内容比较繁琐,分小组进行合作学习是有效的学习方式。2.教师将教科书的盆花变成纸花,努力为学生创设一些数据,使教材更具有实用性。但是,对于有条件的学校,可以带领学生进行实地统计,效果会更佳。3.教师要善于捕捉课堂上学生的反馈信息,创设轻松愉悦的课堂气氛。本课中,教师设计的让学生学四种动物的叫声,不仅活跃了课堂气氛,又引入到下一个问题的探讨。4.充分尊重学生的选择,让学生用自己喜欢的方法进行统计,使他们的情感、态度在其中得到了充分体验。
一.创设情境,解决问题。(一)直观认识1.请每个同学举起手中的毛线。说说你的毛线和其他同学有什么不一样。(学生会观察到有长短,颜色,粗细的不一样。)设计这个环节是为了让学生先找出线段的非本质特征。只有去掉了非本质特征,学生才能更明确到记住线段的本质特征。)2.请每个同学在认真观察,说说你的毛线和其他同学的有什么是一样的。这个环节学生最基本能发现手中的毛线是直的。(二).讲解概念1.通过直观的认识后,由教师讲解线段这个概念:像我们刚才手中这一条直直的毛线,就可以看做是线段。(这句话的讲解中,教师要突出直直的,这是线段的最基本特征,还有一个词是是看做是,数学的是严谨的,不能说这条毛线是线段,并让学生也举起毛线和老师一起说说这句话。)
对比分析为什么刚才咱们从不同的3个数字中选出两个,可以摆成6个不同的两位数,而现在三个同学每两个握一次手,就一共只握了3次呢?(学生讨论,发表意见)(握手不存在调换位置的情况,跟顺序无关,而排列数,位置调换就变成另一个数,与顺序有关。)三、实践应用,巩固新知师引导:同学们今天说得太精彩了!那我们就进数学广角痛痛快快地玩玩吧!(出示课件)问:进去吗?(再次打开课件,欣赏)1、快乐狗活动室(练习二十三第2题)质疑:咦,机灵猫,兰兰他们去哪了?呵,机灵猫猫想要运动运动,就来到了快乐狗活动室。(课件展示)机灵猫就是机灵猫,看他们打球还想到问题了:如果每两个人打一场乒乓球比赛,他们三人一共要打多少场比赛呢?谁能很快说出来!(学生分析,指名说说)2、小喜鹊超市(练习二十三第1题)
统计是一种数学思想,也是认识客观事物常用的一种方法。让学生学习统计,要引导他们经历收集、整理数据的过程,精力把整理出来的数据用图表形式表现出来的过程,经历对统计的数据进行分析、判断的过程,从中理解并掌握一些有关统计的基础知识和基本技能,学习解决实际问题。(一)新的课程标准要求我们的数学课程应体现基础性、普及性和发展性。要强调从学生已有的生活经验出发,要使学生学有价值的数学,这些内容要有利于学生主动地进行观察、实验、猜测、验证、理解与交流等数学活动。(二)本课的教学通过学生积极参与数学活动,合作交流,力求体现人人学有价值的数学,体现数学就在我们的身边,与我们的学习生活紧密相联,体会统计的目的和意义,掌握统计的方法,体验数学学习的乐趣。
教学内容:统一长度单位教材分析:通过量一量说一说想一想等活动切实感受到统一长度单位的必要性及其对生活的重要意义。学情分析:在上册“比一比”中学了比较物体长短的基础上学习的。尽管学生有这方面的经验和基础,但是长度单位的操作和应用是多种知识的综合,对小孩来说还是比较难的,在教学中应根据学生特点,注重实践性,培养观察力。教学目标:1、让学生通过量一量、说一说的活动,体验统一长度单位的过程,感受统一长度单位的必要性,为厘米、米的学习打下基础。2、让学生用不同实物作标准进行测量,培养学生的动手、思考能力,以及合作、估测的意识。3、通过不同的测量活动,让学生体验测量活动的过程,感受学习与生活的联系,体验学习数学的乐趣。
二、教学目标1、知识与技能:通过观察、操作等实践活动,进一步加深对平移和旋转新知的认识。培养学生动手实践能力,并初步获得绘图、剪图等技能。2、数学思考:在对简单图形变化、运动规律的探索过程中,发展空间观念,培养形象思维能力和逻辑思维能力,初步渗透变换的数学思想方法。在解决问题过程中,能进行简单的、有条理的思考。3、解决问题:能在教师指导下,从日常生活中发现简单的数学问题。有与同伴合作解决问题的体验。初步学会表达解决问题的大致过程和结果。4、情感与态度:在同伴和教师的鼓励与帮助下,对身边的数学有好奇心,能够积极参与数学实践活动。能克服在数学活动中的某些困难,获得成功的体验,有学好数学的信心。了解并喜爱中国民间的传统工艺“剪纸”。
想一想:为什么在师生猜拳中老师一直说“5”能赢?为什么选择和多的那队没胜,而选择和少的那队却胜了?选择可能性大的是不是每次一定能赢?选择可能性小是不是每一次一定都输?(至此,本节课到了一个升华层次,学生通过互动游戏、自主探究、讨论分析,从而揭示了“猜拳游戏”中的秘密,对“可能性”的理解达到了一个更高水平,有效地完成了本课重难点教学。)(4)实践验证。实践验证理论。再一次组织学生有目的地猜和,进行实践验证。让理论与实践有机的结合(三)拓展创新,内化提升。儿童用品商店将要举行促销活动,凡到商店购物的顾客都可参加《转盘转转乐》活动。每位顾客可转两次,用两次指针所指数相加得到一个和,不同的和能得到相应的奖项。
二、教法运用分数在日常生活中经常出现,但学生对它的认识却各不相同。新课程标准视学习为“做”的过程、“经验”的过程,凸现学生学习的实践性特点。因此,本课的设计力求在教法上体现“在玩中学,在做中学,在合作交流中学”的思想。本节课以引导发现法为主,综合运用多种教法,创设有利于学生参与探索活动的学习环境,帮助学生学习分数的有关知识,实现促进学生能力发展的教育目标。三、学法指导在学法上则突出“自主学习,实践感知”的特点,加强数学实践活动,让学生主动建构数学知识。学生对数学知识的学习,不是被动接受,而是主动建构,而动手操作对学生的建构有着积极的促进作用。让学生在动手、动脑、动口的过程中实现知识的迁移类推,主动建构数学知识。
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