-
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading for Writing教学设计二
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand，70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also，space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well－organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation？
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading For Writing教学设计一
另一方面，其余的人反对这个计划，因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法，我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9．From my point of view，it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much，which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来，年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的，因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展，还可以用来指导农业生产，以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活；也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力；影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意：1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点，可适当发挥，使上下文连贯；
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money- Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
Step 3 Meaning1. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should +动词原形”构成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。2. was/were going to+动词原形: 表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作, 常用于口语中, 表示预言、意图或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期开始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作, “刚要/正要做……”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾计划做某事”, 如果表示“本来计划做某事, 动作没实现”, 则需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等动词的过去进行时: 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。She was coming later. 她随后就来。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
4. A：We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B：↙Who?A：We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降调说Who，其意思是问，对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking教学设计
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5：After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The value of money-Reading and Thinking教学设计二
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8：Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading and Thinking教学设计一
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading for Writing教学设计二
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸！It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 the value of money-Reading For Writing教学设计一
【参考范文】Narrator：(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H＝Henry；B＝Barber；R＝rude manH：Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B：(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H：Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B：It's quite expensive here, you know！Are you sure you can afford it?H：Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R：Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B：All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R：Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H：Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B：This man's in a hurry. H：Well so am I！I insist that you cut my hair first. B：OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H：Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B：Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H：Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R：You're that Mr Adams! Well，I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B：Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry！(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about！Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut！It will be my honour to serve you!
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案：1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语，它通常位于系动词后面，用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案：1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking&Talking教学设计一
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
人教版高中历史必修3古代中国的发明和发现说课稿
一、说教材（一）、教材内容《古代中国的发明和发现》是人教版高中历史必修三第三单元第一课内容，本课教材主要从五个方面的典型事例向学生介绍了古代中国几千年的科技成就。本课一方面展示了古代中国人民的勤劳智慧以及对世界文明发展作出的巨大贡献，另一方面也提出了一个重大问题引起学生的思考，即造成中国科技在近代落后的原因是什么。此外、本课在教材中具有承上启下的地位和作用，前承中国传统文化主流思想，后启现代中国科学技术的发展。根据课标要求和教材内容，我将本课的三维目标确定如下：（三）教学目标（1）知识与能力：掌握中国古代科技进步的基础知识，特别是四大发明。认识古代中国四大发明对世界文明发展的贡献，以及取得重大成就的原因。⑵过程与方法：通过指导学生课前阅读课本，在课堂上进行问题探究、实验体验以及历史比较，学会总结归纳。
人教版高中生物必修3第一章第二节《内环境稳态的重要性》说课稿
四、稳态的重要意义 为什么内环境稳态失调后，会对机体造成危害？引导学生从细胞代谢需要的物质和条件进行分析，最后总结出：内环境稳态是机体进行正常生命活动的必要条件。如何预防内环境稳态失调、保持机体健康？引导学生从外界环境和机体自身调节能力两个方面去思考。即通过加强自我保健，减少外界环境变化对机体的不良影响，同时增强机体的调节能力以适应多变的外界环境。具体如何做？学生讨论，总结。1.保护我们的生存环境，防治环境污染。2.加强体育锻炼，增强体质，提高机体适应外界环境的能力。3.加强自我保健，为机体保持健康创造有利条件。尤其是处于比较恶劣的工作环境中的人，更应注意自身保健，如边防战士注意保暖、炼钢工人注意降温、抗洪战士注意补充水盐等。了解这些知识后才能懂得如何关爱自身和他人。
人教版高中生物必修3第五章第一节《生态系统的结构》说课稿
5、归纳小结，当堂演练（10分钟）1、肉食动物不可能是一条食物链中的第几营养级（）A．第五B．第二C．第三D．第四2、对水稻→鼠→蛇→鹰这条食物链的错误描述是（）A.水稻是生产者B.鼠是初级消费者C.蛇是次级消费者D.鹰属于第三营养级3、在下列生物中，属于分解的是（）A.蓝藻B.草履虫C.蘑菇D.蝗虫4、从生态系统的组成成分看，硝化细菌和蚯蚓属于（）A.生产者和分解者B.生产者和消费者C.消费者和分解者D.分解者和消费者5、下列哪组生物可和无机环境组成一个生态系统（）A．水藻、鸟B．小鱼、大鱼C．小草、昆虫、细菌D．水藻、虾6、对草→昆虫→食虫鸟→鹰这条食物链的叙述,正确的是（）A．有四个营养级，两个次级消费者B．有三个营养级，一个生产者C．食虫鸟是第三营养级、次级消费者D．有三个营养级，三个消费者（设计意图）进行简单扼要的课堂小结与练习，可以把课堂传授的知识尽快地转化为学生的素质；也可使学生更深刻地理解理论在实际生活中的应用。
人教版高中生物必修3第三章第二节《生长素的生理作用》说课稿
强调重力对生长素分布的影响，为下面的内容讲解做铺垫，明确植物出现向光性与生长素分布不均有关。复习旧知识，产生首因效应，巩固和加强记忆。通过植物向光性是生长素分布较多而促进生长，进而提出“对于植物来说，生长素是不是越多越好”这个问题，引发思考，锻炼思维。说明生长素浓度对不同器官产生的影响不同，让学生对这一情况有一个整体印象。结合数学知识逐步分析图上各点和各曲线的含义，引导学生得出不同器官对生长素浓度的敏感性顺序，为解释横放植物“S”型生长做铺垫。通过对曲线的分析，得出低生长素浓度起促进作用，高浓度有抑制作用这种双重性，并得出其双重性表现。通过以上的分析和总结，对横放植物“S”型生长进行解释，达到首尾呼应的效果。采用“蒙太奇”手法，引申到“太空中，横放植物将会如何生长”这个问题，引发学生的联想和思考，以这种提问方式结课为下节课的开课做了铺垫，掌握了主动权。
人教版高中生物必修3第二章第四节《免疫调节》说课稿
（四）、活动交流，体验科学通过资料分析讨论以下三个问题：1、你知道爱滋病的传播途径吗？2、如何预防爱滋病？3、我们应如何对待爱滋病患者？面对艾滋病我们能做些什么？从而进入情感态度的教育。除此之外，我还设计一个开放性的作业“向全社会为关注艾滋病设计一个宣传广告”（形式不限，漫画、板书、倡议书等），让学生把爱心付诸于实际行动。在此基础上引出“免疫学的应用”从免疫预防、免疫治疗、器官移植三个方面讲述，让学生充分体验到知识和社会生活的紧密联系，让他们不在感到科学是那么的遥远，而是可爱的有用的。通过交流，让同学们体会到合作的魅力和重要性，进一步培养合作意识和合作能力。最后我设计一个资料搜集，让同学们选一个感兴趣的主题利用电脑在网上搜集有关资料。主题：1、你知道世界艾滋病日吗？历年的主题是什么？开展世界艾滋病运动有什么意义？
人教版高中生物必修3第三章第一节《植物生长素的发现》说课稿
（5）根据实验的第五部分——验证性实验结果，证实了达尔文关于植物向光性运动原因的假说――确实存在一种物质致使胚芽尖端产生了向光运动。这样通过多个实验的多媒体演示过程，强化学生的思维，最终在学生的大脑中形成科学研究过程的”条件反射”。为了使学生初步学会”设计对照实验的方法”，首先也利用多媒体的演示实验，并在其中特意设置一些”陷阱”，通过多次”请学生进入‘陷阱’”，来强化设计实验时应该控制的变量问题，从而在学生的认知领域里初步构建出设计对照实验的知识体系。3、归纳总结1934年，荷兰科学家郭葛等人从植物中分离出了这种能使植物产生向光性的物质，并确定它就是吲哚乙酸。这就真正从化学物质的角度证实了达尔文的假设。在能够从植物体中分离提取出生长素之后，要想知道：除了能使植物产生向光运动之外，生长素对于植物的器官还有什么作用？可以采用哪种方法来进行试验？
人教版高中生物必修3第四章第一节《种群的特征》说课稿
第二环节合作讨论，获得新的知识展示图片，一块草地上的全部蒲公英，估算所有蒲公英的数量，引出种群密度的概念。回到问题即调查蒲公英的种群密度，教师启发，学生阅读教材讨论总结说出样方法，以问题承接“一片草地上的所有山羊”怎么知道其种群密度,激起学生认知冲突，进一步思考讨论，得出标志重捕法，教师引导学生完成标志重捕法的概念、操作过程，计算公式，并与样方法进行比较。教师陈述“种群密度是种群最基本的数量特征，反应种群在一定时期的数量，不能反应种群的变化趋势”引出反映种群变化趋势的其他特征——出生率和死亡率，迁入和迁出，年龄组成和性别比例。学生讨论总结这些特征的概念、对种群密度的影响及对生产生活实践的指导意义。使学生认同计划生育国策，关注濒危动物的种群数量变化。之后引导学生构建种群特征的关系图。再简明阐述种群空间特征即：随即分布，均匀分布、集群分布。第三环节反馈练习，巩固新知识通过对学生练习结果的评价，了解学生对知识的掌握情况。即以学生为核心的教学评价。
人教版高中生物必修3第四章第三节《群落的结构》说课稿
建构群落特征3群落有一定的空间结构，包括垂直结构和水平结构。思维拓展从结构与功能相统一的角度思考群落内的分层结构的意义。6.4运用群落核心知识概念解决未知群落问题学生已掌握了同一时间内聚集在一定区域中各种生物种群的集合是生物群落，所有群落都有一定的物种组成、种间关系、空间结构，不同群落主要表现在其具体特征上的差异。在此基础上，为学生提供新的问题情境，利用多媒体课件，展示不同生态环境下不同生物群落问题，让学生运用已建构的群落概念，通过分析、演绎和具体化等辩证思维的过程解决未知的群落问题，课件展示热带雨林、温带草原、海洋、湖泊等生物群落。学生运用概念说明不同的群落的物种丰富度差异，列举不同群落的种间关系，分析不同群落的垂直结构和水平结构，研究造成不同群落重要特征差异的原因。评价人类的活动对群落的结构的影响。
人教版高中生物必修3第四章第四节《群落的演替》说课稿
总结与大自然和谐相处走可持续发展道路。在我们的努力下地球一定能为我们人类提供更好的生存环境这部分的设计意图是培养学生综合实践能力把新知识内化为学生生活行为中的具体行动。五、说板书设计这样设计能直观形象地体现知识结构、突出重点难点、利于巩固新知识。六、说作业设计1、课本P80练习——常规作业主要为巩固和落实认知目标服务。2、活动与探究以“警惕外来物种入侵”为题写一篇科普文章。——开放性作业学生在自主完成任务的同时可以相互合作通过自主学习所获得的成果经共享共同整理、归纳、分类得到一种比较完整的答案。七、说教学反思1、本节教学过程主要重视运用“动态发展观”来组织实施教学用历史性的眼光从纵向进行寻踪综合利用视频、图片等直观教具动态地展示群落演替的过程帮助学生更好地理解群落演替的过程及本质。
