1. 完成文本主要信息填空(斜体字部分设空):As a witness to farmers’ poor harvests and even a severe shortage of food, Yuan Longping was determined to devote his life to tackling this crisis. After graduation, he realized that what farmers needed most was to boost yields in the fields. Yuan was convinced that the answer lay in the creation of hybrid rice, one characteristic of which is that it usually achieve higher output than conventional crops. However, it was no easy job. The first difficulty he needed to overcome was scientists’ general assumption that this could not be done. Through trial and error, Yuan managed to generate this incredible crop. It is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China was comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. His innovation has enabled Chinese farmers to considerably expand their output and helped feed the world. Unwilling to retire early to a life of leisure and unconcerned about celebrity or fortune, Yuan continues to turn one vision after another into realities.2. 模仿写作:Do some research via the Internet and introduce another agricultural scientist, Chen Risheng(陈日胜), using the structure, expressions and writing techniques you have learnt from the text “A Pioneer for All People”.【设计意图】任务1是对文本内容和词汇学习成效的检测。任务2借助文本中学到的词汇和写作手法仿写另一位科学家,提升学生迁移运用词汇、文体结构和写作方法的能力。
本活动旨在落实课时教学目标2。 1.Think, discuss and share. Students form groups of 4, discuss about the given ending make comments. Q1: Do you like the ending? Q2: Was it a logical ending? Why so or why not? [设计意图]通过引导学生思考、讨论、评价,比较个人、同伴所预测的结局和听力文本所给定的结局的异同点,深化对文本的认知,发展学生的评判性思维能力。 Activity 4: Exploring Asimov’s three laws of robotics and the purpose of the writing 本活动旨在落实课时教学目标3。 1. Get to know Isaac Asimov’s three laws of robotics. The teacher shares Isaac Asimov’s three laws of robotics. The three laws state that: ①A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. ②A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. ③A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. Q: How does Tony’s story relate to the laws? 2. Figure out Isaac Asimov’s purpose of writing Satisfaction Guaranteed. The students express their opinions about the author’s writing purpose. Q: Why did Isaac Asimov write such a story? S: To explore the relationship between robots and humans. [设计意图]通过了解艾萨克·阿西莫夫所制定的机器人三大定律,加深学生对文本的理解,深入探究文本的主题意义。推理作者的写作目的,联系生活实际,思考人类与机器人的关系。
[2] An important breakthrough…was… [3] Another innovation was … [4] the emphasis increasingly shifted from…to… [5] New ideas and values gradually replaced… [6] While his paintings still had religious themes… … T: All these expressions serve to show how Western painting has developed. Some of them share similar structure but with varied use of words, which makes the text vivid and more readable. 【设计意图】主题类语言整理有助于学生类化语言应用,提高语言输出的丰富性。处理完文本内容信息后,进入语篇信息处理,进行主题相关的词块归类。引导学生快速阅读,寻找表达相同主题(发展或者艺术)的词和短语,再根据词性、用法和结构进行归类,储备主题相关词汇,丰富语言储备,提升语言素养。 Assignment: Go online to gather more information about Chinese painting and write a short history of it. 【设计意图】结合所学,迁移运用,根据实际语境,进行模仿性运用。在此过程中,学生尝试借鉴已学的语言、内容、语篇结构和写作手法来建构新文本,实现语篇输出,同时关注中西艺术文化的差别,加深对优秀文化的认同,培养文化意识。
学习目标1.了解外力作用的表现形式,理解风化作用、侵蚀作用、搬运作用和沉积作用的概念和种类,以及它们所形成的各种地形;培养学生观察、分析地理景观图的能力和动手做实验的能力。2.了解外力作用各表现形式之间的关系,理解它们是如何推动地表形态的演化的,培养我们学生地理事物之间相互联系的观点,从而树立辩证唯物主义的观点。学习重点1.风化、侵蚀、搬运、沉积作用所形成的不同的地表形态。2.外力作用各表现形式相互之间的关系。学习难点1.外力作用各表现形式所形成的不同的地表形态。2.培养学生树立正确的人地关系的观点。学习过程:1、看课本讨论回答:外力作用①能量来源 ②表现形式 ③对地貌的影响2、流水、风力作用及其形成的地貌
本阅读材料的话题是交际中的肢体语言,作者从三个方面讲述了肢体语言的特征与作用,通过主题句和举例阐述的方式让读者了解不同文化中肢体语言的相同或者不同的意义,并从更抽象、概括的维度深入认识肢体语言的特点,理解肢体语言的作用。基于肢体语言的特点,作者提醒读者在与人交流中,尤其是当文化背景有差异的时候,要使用得体的肢体语言,尊重、理解和包容不同的文化,进行有效、有素养的沟通。文本共由六个段落组成,篇章结构为“总—分”。第一段用简练的语言引出了话题,并且从我们自身表达的需要和了解他人感受两个角度讲述了肢体语言的作用。第二段阐述了肢体语言的第一个重要特点——肢体语言在不同的文化中有不同的内涵——这也是文中写作篇幅最大的一个要点,最为重要。通过讲述肢体语言的这一特点,作者向读者传递了要尊重不同的文化、要使用与所在文化相宜的肢体语言。
司汤达是善于从爱情中反映重大社会问题的文学大师。于连的两次爱情都与时代风云紧密相连,这是当时阶级角逐的一种表现形式,他对德·雷纳尔夫人后来的确也产生了真正的感情,但开始是出于小市民对权贵的报复心理。因此,于连第一次占有德·雷纳尔夫人的手的时候,他感到的并不是爱情的幸福,而是拿破仑式的野心的胜利,是"狂欢"和"喜悦",是报复心理的满足。 如果说于连对德·雷纳尔夫人的追求还有某些真挚情感的话,那么于连对玛蒂尔德小姐的爱情则纯属政治上的角逐,玛蒂尔德既有贵族少女的傲慢,任性的气质,又受到法国_的深刻影响。她认为,如果再有一次_,主宰社会的必定是像于连这样富于朝气的平民青年。同于连结成伉俪,既富于浪漫气息,又找到了有力的靠山。而于连则认为与玛蒂尔德小姐结婚可以爬上高位,青云直上,因此不惜去骗取她的爱情。
(1)黄淮海平原后备耕地不足,现有耕地面积不可能增加很多,因此提高农作物产量的着眼点应该是挖掘现有耕地的生产潜力。(2)黄淮海平原现有耕地中大部分存在着不同程度的限制性因素,对这些土地的整治是黄淮海平原发展农业,尤其是种植业的关键所在。[经典例题1]下列关于黄淮海平原的叙述,正确的是A、夏秋多雨,地势低平,易发生旱涝、盐碱B、从东向西,盐碱化程度越来越严重C、土地限制性因素面积占土地总比重最大的是干旱缺水土地D、黄淮海平原西部地区中、低产田分布较集中解析:黄淮海平原秋季降水少。从东向西,黄淮海平原地势渐高,盐碱化程度应渐轻。黄淮海平原西部地区,耕地质量较高,能够比较充分地满足农作物生长发育的需要,是黄淮海平原粮棉稳产高产区,故D选项是错误的。解答本题常见的错误是认为A选项是正确的,只要分析一下黄淮海平原秋季是否多雨就可以排除思维障碍:在正常年份,因受夏季风影响,7、8月锋面雨带控制黄淮海平原,带来大量的降水;秋季,锋面雨带对黄淮海平原影响较小,故降水也小。
1、图8.12“东北林区的分布”对照图例能够说出东北林区的三大分布区的名称、位置、森林类型及其主要树种。2、图8.13“东北平原西部的防护林分布”根据地图说出东北平原西部的防护林的位置、范围及其对生态环境的作用,并进而说出“三北防护林”的位置、范围及其对生态环境的作用。【教学内容】一、林业开发的现状与问题1、东北林区在我国林业中的地位(1)全国最大的林区:林地5000万公顷,占全国林地总面积的1/4上;人均林地超过0.5公顷,是全国人均林地的8倍,森林覆盖率36%,是全国平均数的3倍,木材蓄积量22.5亿立方米,占全国总量的1/3以上。(2)全国最大的木材基地:木材产量约占全国的40%。2、东北林区生产概况东北林区的森林采伐和制材工业发达,其中森林采伐业集中在大、小兴安岭和长白山三大林区。黑龙江省是我国最大的木材生产基地和最大的木材调出省。3、东北林区森林资源的分布
1.确定研究对象,明确哪个是解释变量,哪个是响应变量;2.由经验确定非线性经验回归方程的模型;3.通过变换,将非线性经验回归模型转化为线性经验回归模型;4.按照公式计算经验回归方程中的参数,得到经验回归方程;5.消去新元,得到非线性经验回归方程;6.得出结果后分析残差图是否有异常 .跟踪训练1.一只药用昆虫的产卵数y与一定范围内的温度x有关,现收集了6组观测数据列于表中: 经计算得: 线性回归残差的平方和: ∑_(i=1)^6?〖(y_i-(y_i ) ?)〗^2=236,64,e^8.0605≈3167.其中 分别为观测数据中的温度和产卵数,i=1,2,3,4,5,6.(1)若用线性回归模型拟合,求y关于x的回归方程 (精确到0.1);(2)若用非线性回归模型拟合,求得y关于x回归方程为 且相关指数R2=0.9522. ①试与(1)中的线性回归模型相比较,用R2说明哪种模型的拟合效果更好 ?②用拟合效果好的模型预测温度为35℃时该种药用昆虫的产卵数.(结果取整数).
在进行革命活动中,青年毛泽东结识了很多同志,并积极引导他们与广大工人农民相结合。他在湖南第一师范院校的几年十分耐人寻味,他和他的同学们满怀崇高理想,一起登岳麓山,一起玩橘子洲,一起到湘江游泳……,他们关心国事;他们忧国忧民,指说江山社稷大事;他们爱憎分明,激浊而扬清,对黑暗现实的批判常形之于文字;他们蔑视权贵,视当时那些祸国殃民的封建军阀如粪土,严厉地痛斥他们的行为。1916年暑假,毛泽东与罗章龙、蔡和森等组成“新民学会”,办<湘江评论>、<新湖南>,发动学潮,1919年底毛泽东领导了有名的“驱张”运动,最终迫使张敬尧退出湖南。
【知能训练】一、选择题(第1-4题为单项选择题,第5-6题为双项选择题)1、斑点状土地荒漠化圈主要分布的地方是()A.塔里木河下游绿洲B.呼伦贝尔草原和锡林郭勒草原C.居民点、工矿区及交通线附近D.科尔沁沙地2、近年来,西北地区环境发展的趋势是A.随着人口增加和经济发展,绿洲环境总体趋于好转B.风沙活动增强,盐碱地面积增加C.绿洲经济以农业为主,无环境污染问题D.随着人类对环境影响的加强,绿洲环境向良性方向发展3、我国沙漠沙地所处纬度最高的是()A.科尔沁沙地B.呼伦贝尔沙地C.古尔班通古特沙漠D.乌兰布和沙漠4、我国西北地区干旱为主的自然景观的主要成因是()A.地处北半球亚洲高压的范围之内B.地处东南季风的背风坡C.深居内陆又隔崇山峻岭D.气候干旱、植被稀少、河短水少
【考点搜索】理解中国国土整治的必要性、主要内容及其与区域可持续发展的关系。【教材分析】本课是我国国土整治与区域发展的一个开篇,目的是让学生了解国土整治的概念、意义、我国进行国土整治的必要性和迫切性、我国国土整治的重点工程、国土整治与区域发展的关系。使学生了解我国实施国土整治与区域发展的一些基本理论和原则,为以后各单元讨论典型地区的国土整治与区域发展奠定理论基础。◆重要图释1、图2.2“中国防护林体系规划示意图”防护林体系工程是中国生态工程建设的基本框架,覆盖了我国主要水土流失区、风沙危害区、盐碱区和台风区。图中深绿色区域为“三北”防护林体系建设规划区、浅绿色区域为长江中上游防护林体系建设规划区、紫色区域为沿海防护林体系建设规划区。其中“三北”防护林体系工程是世界最大的生态工程。
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
在自然界也是如此,可以看到砾石、沙、粉砂、粘土等颗粒大小不同的沉积物。【出示投影片提问】(河流下游三角洲示意图)这是一幅河流下游三角洲的示意图,你能用沉积作用的原理来解释它的形成过程吗?学生讨论、回答。【教师小结】河流携带着大量的泥沙,到达下游时由于流速降低,泥沙大量沉积,常常会形成宽广平坦的三角洲和冲积平原。在那里土壤肥沃,灌溉便利,通常是良好的农业区。【转折过渡】流水的沉积作用给人类带来了肥沃的冲积平原,风力的沉积作用给人类又带来了什么呢?【分析讲解】在沙漠中有大量的沙丘,这些沙丘在风力作用下会成为流动沙丘,掩没农田和村庄,甚至是整个城市。人类正在探索控制沙漠扩展的方法。【转折过渡】沉积物经过物理的、化学的以及生物化学的变化和改造,又会重新变成坚硬的岩石,这种作用叫做团结成岩作用。
4.写出下列随机变量可能取的值,并说明随机变量所取的值表示的随机试验的结果.(1)一个袋中装有8个红球,3个白球,从中任取5个球,其中所含白球的个数为X.(2)一个袋中有5个同样大小的黑球,编号为1,2,3,4,5,从中任取3个球,取出的球的最大号码记为X.(3). 在本例(1)条件下,规定取出一个红球赢2元,而每取出一个白球输1元,以ξ表示赢得的钱数,结果如何?[解] (1)X可取0,1,2,3.X=0表示取5个球全是红球;X=1表示取1个白球,4个红球;X=2表示取2个白球,3个红球;X=3表示取3个白球,2个红球.(2)X可取3,4,5.X=3表示取出的球编号为1,2,3;X=4表示取出的球编号为1,2,4;1,3,4或2,3,4.X=5表示取出的球编号为1,2,5;1,3,5;1,4,5;2,3,5;2,4,5或3,4,5.(3) ξ=10表示取5个球全是红球;ξ=7表示取1个白球,4个红球;ξ=4表示取2个白球,3个红球;ξ=1表示取3个白球,2个红球.
图11-3 “西气东输线路示意图”图中可见西气东输工程主要穿越的地形区有塔里木盆地、河西走廊、宁夏平原、华北平原、长江中下游平原,连接了我国西部、中部和东部三个经济地带,自然景观上由东向西呈现出从沿海向内陆的地域分异。【教学内容】一、 打造中国能源输送的大动脉1、 西气东输工程概况(1)三大组成部分——天然气开发建设、主干管道建设、东部用户管网建设(2)主干道走向——西起新疆塔里木盆地的轮南油气田,向东经过库尔勒、吐鲁番、哈密、柳园、张掖、武威、干塘、中宁、靖边、柳林、郑州、尉氏、淮南、南京、常州,最终到达上海,全长近4200千米。[经典例题1]读“我国西气东输主干道走向示意图”(图11-5),回答:(1)天然气按形成和来源分属于来自 的能源,与煤炭相比具有的优点是
本节通过学习用二分法求方程近似解的的方法,使学生体会函数与方程之间的关系,通过一些函数模型的实例,让学生感受建立函数模型的过程和方法,体会函数在数学和其他学科中的广泛应用,进一步认识到函数是描述客观世界变化规律的基本数学模型,能初步运用函数思想解决一些生活中的简单问题。课程目标1.了解二分法的原理及其适用条件.2.掌握二分法的实施步骤.3.通过用二分法求方程的近似解,使学生体会函数零点与方程根之间的联系,初步形成用函数观点处理问题的意识.数学学科素养1.数学抽象:二分法的概念;2.逻辑推理:用二分法求函数零点近似值的步骤;3.数学运算:求函数零点近似值;4.数学建模:通过一些函数模型的实例,让学生感受建立函数模型的过程和方法,体会函数在数学和其他学科中的广泛应用.
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