(2)世界观,人生观,价值观是人们文化素养的核心和标志。一旦形成就会对人产生深远持久的影响。(但随着生活阅历的变化,人们文化素养的提高,人们的“三观”会发生变化。)总之“潜移默化”指每时每刻,不知不觉;是从文化对人影响的过程来看的。“深远持久”指经年累月,难以抹去;是从文化对人影响的结果上说的。3.课堂总结:首先启动学生思维,教会学生把握知识主线,建构知识体系,先由学生进行总结,然后教师进行必要的补充4、布置作业:布置作业。运用文化对人的影响的知识分析“近朱者赤,近墨者黑”,并且应该如何处理朋友之间的关系。设计这个作业的意图是既让学生灵活运用所学知识,同时又让学生回归生活,如何处理朋友之间的关系。5、板书设计遵循板书设计的实用性、直观性的原则,根据本课的教材特点,我采用结构式板书,这样设计比较直观、系统,以便于学生能够系统把握和理解知识。
(1)文化与经济、政治在经济基础上相互影响。①经济、政治和文化是社会生活的三个基本领域。其中,经济是基础,政治是经济的集中表现,文化是经济和政治的反映。一定的文化由一定的经济、政治所决定,又反作用于一定的政治、经济,给予政治、经济以重大影响。②经济发展是文化发展的基础。但这并不意味着文化的发展始终与经济的发展亦步亦趋。如同不能简单地把精神文明看作是物质文明的派生物和附属品一样,也不能简单地认为文化是经济、政治的派生物和附属品。文化有其自身的传承性和相对的独立性。那种认为只要物质条件好了,精神文化自然而然地就会好起来,物质条件差一点,精神文化就不可能搞好的观点,不符合历史发展的事实,是不正确的。③掀开历史的画卷,文化既有古今和地域之别,又有先进与落后、腐朽之分。不同的文化,对经济、政治的影响不同,对社会发展的作用也不同。不同民族的文化,影响不同民族和国家各具特色的发展道路。
(二)讲授新课:1、讲授重点:文化与经济、政治的关系。我首先带领学生分析课本上的活动探究,了解日常生活中的常见活动,让学生们观看视频材料帮助学生对文化活动、经济活动、政治活动进行辨别和分类。然后让学生们举例说明,综合探究,最后通过集体讨论得出文化与经济政治的关系:经济是基础,政治是经济的集中表现,文化是经济和政治的反映,一定的文化由一定的经济和政治决定,又反作用于政治和经济。这个问题是本课重点。要引导学生循序渐进,集体讨论,得出结论。2、突破难点:(1)文化与经济政治相互交融,在时代发展的进程中。首先播放上海世博会视频,让学生体会文化、经济、政治活动,另外我会引导学生积极举生活中的事例,来说明问题,让学生学会举一反三,充分理解这一知识,让学生明白文化与经济、政治的联系,让学生清楚文化渗透的力量有多大,帮助学生树立反对文化霸权主义的意识。
(二)引入内容1、播放幻灯片,从名言引出思考,什么是文化,如何理解文化?学生探究,既可质疑,也可谈自己对文化的理解2、幻灯片,以三组幻灯,分三个阶段,学生分别通过小组讨论的形式,归纳总结文化现象的三个特征3、根据对文化现象的认识,归纳总结文化的内涵及外延小活动:把不是文化的山、水、树,由几组同学画出来,体会文化的含义4、一组判断题,哪些是文化的,哪些不是5、理解文化的特点首先,根据前面,总结文化现象的特征,归纳出文化的普通性及特殊性其次,播放视频,归纳总结文化是人类特有的现象第三,根据教材材料,小组探究总结,文化是后天习得的第四,借助小活动的材料,归纳,文化需要一定的物质载体6、文化的作用首先、观看视频,小组探究总结,文化对于人的影响其次,观看视频,小组探究总结,文化对社会的影响
3、文化的力量。为了使学生能辨证地分析文化的力量,我设计了两个问题进行探讨:(1)是不是任何文化都能起促进作用?(2)你在听或唱国歌时感受到一种什么样的力量?这样,学生在对比中学会辨证地分析文化的力量——先进的、健康的文化能促进社会发展和个人成长;落后的、腐朽的文化则阻碍社会发展和个人成长。同时还能提高学生的文化赏析能力,从而引导学生装自觉参加健康有益的文化活动,抵制不良文化的影响,投身到社会主义精神文明建设中去。关于课堂练习,我准备了5个针对性比较强的选择题,从而加深巩固本框题的重难点知识。最后,播放歌曲《走进新时代》,展示本课知识结构,指出本框题需重点掌握的问题,结束本课教学。课后作业,我设计了这样一个辨析的题目:文化是人们创造的全部财富的总和,它是人类特有的现象。
过度:诚如牛顿所说 我之所以能够取得今天的成就有很大原因是站在巨人的肩膀之上设问3:为什么这个时代选择了达尔文来完成这一伟大的发现呢?(达尔文的个人努力)补充材料:(1831年起,他随“贝格尔号”考察舰进行环球考察5年。考察结束后,在整理考察资料和实物标本的基础上,经过长期的研究,于1859年出版了《物种起源》一书,确立了生物的进化论说明达尔文的个人努力:学习、考察、学习、不迷信权威、勇于挑战、不断探索的精神,饱览群书,挑战和假设建立在大量的阅读和观察的基础上,科学实证等等。可以说达尔文身上有那个时代的一个浓缩的特征,当然他还有点运气,不过,机遇永远是为那些有准备的人提供的。)探究:达尔文“进化论”的影响思路引领:科学理论发展的影响可以从哪些方面分析?(经济、科学理论本身、人文学科、社会影响(对宗教,社会),对其他国家的影响)设问:达尔文进化论对1859年及以后的社会带来了非常深远的影响。有哪些影响呢?①挑战封建神学的神创世,促进人类认识的飞跃
师:在科学发展过程中,前一个理论体系的不完善之处,往往是新的研究和新的发现的突破口。开普勒之后,意大利天文学家伽利略创制了天文望远镜,用更加精确的观察继续发展和验证哥白尼创立的新天文学理论。除了用望远镜进行天文观察以外,伽利略还开始进行自然科学的实验研究,哪位同学能给大家讲一讲伽利略在比萨斜塔上所作的关于物体自由下落的实验?生:(讲述这一实验)师:所以,伽利略在科学方面更加重要的贡献是奠定了近代实验科学的基础。(2)实验科学和唯物主义师:伽利略从实践上开辟了实验科学的方法,而英国唯物主义哲学家培根则从理论上阐述了实验科学的方法——归纳法。培根和伽利略同被称为实验科学之父,培根还有一句影响深刻的名言:“知识就是力量”,表明了他注重知识,尊崇科学的精神。我们再来概括一下意大利哲学家布鲁诺的唯物主义思想,是否有同学可以简述布鲁诺的生平事迹?
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的状语)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的状语)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的状语)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定语)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定语)Summary:1. 不定式的结构:to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我们知道在描述太空探索时,动词不定式不仅可以用来表目的,还可以用来作定语,表修饰。
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
生2:每逢清明,或其他一些死者的纪念日,人们总要为死去的亲人烧纸钱。这幅漫画由烧纸钱演变为烧“家电”,说明随着社会环境的变化,人们根深蒂固的一些封建思想,还在影响着人们的生活。要花大力气去破除封建迷信活动。师:说到底,算命、烧纸钱是封建迷信活动,从文化角度来说,是落后文化。我们一起来看看在现实生活中,还有哪些落后文化在影响着人们的生活。生1:在一些边远落后地区,大人小孩生了病,不是看医生,而是让巫婆神汉来治,结果往往耽误了诊疗时间,有的甚至还丢掉了性命。生2:“重男轻女”“多子多福”,红白事大操大办现象在有些地方还很严重。师:这些落后文化都有哪些共同特征?在你看来,这些现象有哪些危害?生3:这些落后文化,在内容上带有迷信、愚昧、颓废、庸俗等色彩,在形式上常常以传统习俗的形式表现出来,如人们常见的看相、算命、测字、看风水等。它会麻痹人的意志,使人消极、悲观、绝望,对理想、前途、信念丧失信心;破坏社会的风气。
一、教材分析文化市场和大众传媒的发展,给我们的文化生活带来了许多可喜的变化。但是,文化市场的自发性和传媒的商业性也引发了令人忧虑的现象。文化生活有“喜”也有“忧”,让我们欢喜让我们忧。面对形式多样的文化生活,置身于文化生活的海洋之中,在文化生活中如何选择、怎样作出正确的选择是亟待向学生解决的问题。二、学情分析高二学生处于世界观、人生观和价值观形成的关键时期,身心迅速发展,自我意识和独立性较强,社会公共生活空间范围越来越大,并且开始理性地思考社会和人生的重大问题,他们可塑性强,但情绪仍然不稳定,有多变性,容易冲动或偏激,迫切需要提升思想意识,加强方法论的指导,使其在纷繁复杂的文化生活中能够进行正确的判断与选择。如果我们的学生不能把握正确的航向,是非观念模糊,良莠不分,就会陷入落后文化和腐朽文化的泥沼而不能自拔,甚至造成无法挽回的恶果。
4.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.[归纳]1.过去将来时的基本构成和用法过去将来时由“would+动词原形”构成,主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中),还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.She said that she wouldn't do that again.2.表示过去将来时的其他表达法(1)was/were going to+动词原形:该结构有两个主要用法,一是表示过去的打算,二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。I thought it was going to rain.(2)was/were to+动词原形:主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。She said she was to get married next month.(3)was/were about to+动词原形:表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作,由于本身已含有“即将”的意味,所以不再与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(4)was/were+现在分词:表示在过去看来即将发生的动作,通常可用于该结构中的动词是come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close,open,die,join,borrow,buy等瞬间动词。Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
童话故事是儿童文学的一种体裁,是富有浓郁幻想的虚构故事。它以现实生活为基础,通过丰富的想象、幻想,把故事中的事物描绘的有思想、有感情,能像人一样说话,富有生命力,并编制生动的情节来反映生活。童话的语言通俗易懂,情节简单,符合幼儿的心理状态和认识水平,富有教育意义,易于幼儿接受。《胆小先生》是一篇充满浓郁儿童情趣的童话故事,它采用了拟人的手法,把胆小先生胆小怕事的性格运用拟人化幽默化的的形象来引入,所产生的夸张美。
(二)能力目标培养学生运用哲学理论观察、分析、处理社会问题的能力,增强学生的时代感。(三)情感、态度与价值观目标培养学生与时俱进的思想品质,让学生关注时代、关注现实、关注生活,逐步树立科学的世界观、人生观、价值观。三、说教学重难点:时代精神的总结和升华是本框的难点,虽然学生在文化生活中学习了文化与经济政治的关系,但要让学生得出哲学是时代精神的总结和升华,还要联系前面关于哲学的基础知识进行总结归纳,因此可能会难以把握,另外关于什么样的哲学是真正的哲学的理解会稍有难度。社会变革的先导是本框的重点,一方面哲学源于时代,另一方面强调哲学反过来对时代又有重要的反作用,突出这一点能够更好地激发学生学习哲学的热情和信心,对于后面知识的学习是极为有益的,因此社会变革的先导这一目作重点处理。
知识目标1.了解传统工业区的分布、条件和工业部门。2.掌握传统的鲁尔工业区优越的区位条件,了解它的衰落原因及其综合整治途径。能力目标1.读图分析矿产资源与工业部门之间的联系,培养学生的地理思维能力、综合分析能力,明确工业生产也应因地制宜。2.联系实际,了解当地传统工业发展状况,为适应当今世界经济发展状况,应有哪些改善措施,培养学生的创新能力。德育目标1.通过了解鲁尔区的发展变化,用发展的观点看待传统工业区的改造,适应世界发展潮流。2.中国已经“入世”,我们应用辩证唯物主义观点分析我国传统工业今后遇到的机遇和挑战。
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