学生回答:推动社会发展的矛盾是:生产力和生产关系的矛盾,经济基础和上层建筑的矛盾。问题:你知道人类社会存在和发展的基础吗?学生回答,步步深入。社会发展的规律是生产关系一定要适合生产力发展的规律,上层建筑一定要适合经济基础状况的规律。你是如何理解这两个规律的?请举例说明。那么你是如何理解这一规律的,请举例说明学生阅读教材第二目,并举例说明。培养学生自我学习能力。教师归纳:总结生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑的辩证关系原理。过渡:我们掌握了社会发展的规律,那么同学们来说一下,社会发展呈什么趋势?这一趋势怎么实现的?社会矛盾的解决方式有几种,为什么会有这么的区别,我们国家的矛盾解决靠什么方式来完成?学生阅读教材第三目,学生分组合作探究,交流发言。设计意图:提升推导能力,引导深化认识。教师归纳总结:社会历史发展的总趋势是前进的、上升的,发展的过程是曲折的。
(设计意图:根据学生喜爱听故事的特点,结合教材内 容,选用了一个真实感人的故事,震撼着学生的心灵,让学生充分感受到了父母爱的力量,爱的伟大。同时通过制作感恩卡这种充满浓浓的亲情的活动的开展,进一步激发了学生 爱的情感,使学生感激、回报家人的爱由心而发。)3、总结延伸:这周末回家立刻行动起,以写日记的形式每天记录下你为家人做的事,当个贴心的小宝贝吧。(设计意图: 品德课要坚持知、 情、意、行统一的原则, 我们应当将学生的生活经验和感知作为教学的出发点,做到活用教材,努力建立起课程、教学法与学生生活之间的通道。并注意有效地利用课程资,补充一些现实生活中“活”的教材,使教学内容更贴近学生的生活。为防止课内激情课外抛 的现象,特别设计了课外活动延伸这个环节。)
1.学生思考:从故事中能不能找到自己?2.学生发挥的想象,思考绘本故事中不同情境中皮皮的相同经历,进行故事创编。反馈指导:1.说一说从故事中你找到的自己。2.(出示ppt)交流同学们创编的故事。3.思考讨论:为什么皮皮到哪儿都不受欢迎呢?小结:交流分享后,老师设疑:皮皮难受极了,他该怎么办呢?活动四:找原因,见行动导语:这只不爱干净、仪表不整洁的小猪皮皮给我们打来了求助热线,让我们一起来帮帮不受欢迎的皮皮吧。出示任务:出示ppt,师生共读、交流绘本《皮皮的故事》第6、7、8幅图的内容。课后每个小朋友都做一次家庭小调查,发现自己在洗漱习惯方面哪些做得好,还存在哪些问题呢?反馈指导:1.讨论:你从故事中懂得了什么?2.(出示ppt)说说你准备怎样做一个整洁干净的好孩子?课后完成《家庭小调查表》。
动画二:按格式调查爸爸、妈妈、爷爷、奶奶的生日动画三:爸爸的生日:年月日动画四:妈妈的生日:年月日动画五:爷爷的生日:年月日动画六:奶奶的生日:年月日1、教师引导学生回家从侧面了解家人的生日,并记录下来。2.师:接下来,我们就为我们即将要过生日的,或是已经过完生日但是被我们遗忘的家人设计一份礼物,送给他们表达我们的祝福与心意。要求.学生制作贺卡等礼物。3.师:想一想,除了记住家人的生日,我们还可以用哪些方式来表达自己对家人的爱呢?学生讨论交流。4.小结:今天,我们深深地感受到家人深厚的爱。家人对自己的细腻关怀是爱,家人的严格要求也是爱。家人的爱像大海一样深,像草原一样广。我们也应该为家人做些什么,来表达我们对家人的爱。这样,一家人才能相亲相爱地生活在一起。
(设计意图:在快乐轻松的活动中让学生真正感受分享的快乐。) 活动四:辨析分享1、是啊,分享本是一件很快乐的事,可是,小萌却一点儿也不快 乐,我们一起来看看发生了什么事?你是怎样看待这种问题呢? 播放视频故事,学生交流看法。2、儿歌展示分享小秘诀,学会分享。3、学生交流学习心得。4、小结:分享在我们的生活中无处不在。你乐于与他人分享,别 人才会愿意和你分享。如果有人愿意与我们分享物品或其他的事情时,我们要懂得珍惜,当别人不愿意和我们分享一些东西时, 要学会理解别人,可能那东西对他来说特别珍贵,不适合与我们分享,这时,我们也不要强求。5、欣赏儿歌,巩固体验:分享真快乐。6、布置作业:把自己的开心事分享给爸爸、妈妈。
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【参考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
(一)教材的地位与作用本节教材主要从两个方面阐述课程标准:第一是地球的内部圈层,要求能够说出地球内部圈层主要包括地壳、地幔和地核;第二是地球的外部圈层,包括大气圈、水圈和生物圈;还有介于内部和外部圈层之间的一个圈层,包括地壳和上地幔顶部,即软流层之上的固体岩石部分。本条标准有显性和隐性两方面的要求,显性要求是从宏观上了解地球结构的特点,隐性要求是了解自然环境的组成。在宏观了解地球圈层结构的基础上认识自然环境的组成,即在空间范围上把自然环境放在地球圈层结构中认识。但是对于各圈层不要求展开深入了解,而应抓其主要特点及与人类活动关系密切的内容。(二)教学目标(1)知识与技能目标:1.了解地球圈层结构及特点,知道地球内部圈层的组成及其划分依据;2.尝试根据地震波划分地球内部圈层,并能概括出各圈层的主要特点;3.运用图表了解地球表层的含义。
(一)教材的地位与作用本节主要阐述太阳辐射和太阳活动对地球的影响。太阳辐射对地球的影响主要是从太阳为地球提供能量这个方面来阐述,通过图片的形式从四个方面来分析。不应让学生记忆这四个方面,需要归纳为:(1)直接或间接(化石燃料)为地球提供大部分能量。(2)维持四大圈层物质循环和能量交换,决定地理环境的基本特征。(二)教学目标(1)知识与技能目标:1.阐述太阳对地球的影响。太阳对地球的影响,包括太阳辐射对地球的影响和太阳活动对地球的影响。2.太阳辐射的概念、来源、波长等只作一般了解;太阳活动对地球影像是通过作用气候、地球电离层和磁场而发生的,主要包括磁暴、无线电短波通讯被干扰、极光和气候异常等。3.教材涉及太阳活动的概念、标志和周期需要明确,而太阳大气分层及对应太阳活动现象只作一般了解。
(一)教材的地位与作用教材的第一部分就从地质作用的能量来源的角度,讲述了内力作用和外力作用及其表现形式;又以地质作用不同的表现形式,来说明了激烈迅速的地质作用和极其缓慢的地质作用,从而使学生理解地表形态的变化及这种变化的时间尺度。第二部分,从三大类岩石的相互转变入手,图文结合,阐明了在内外力作用的参与下地壳物质循环的过程及其地理意义,该部分内容可以看作是全课教材的小结。(二)教学目标(1)知识与技能目标:1、结合实例,说明内力作用的能量来源及其表现形式,理解地壳运动是塑造地表形态的主要作用方式。2、说明外力作用的四种形式及其相互关系,尝试识别外力作用形成的不同地貌。3、会用图文资料说明地壳物质循环的过程及其产生循环的物质基础——三大类岩石的转化过程。4、培养学生运用地理图表分析归纳的能力,培养学生与其它同学交流、表达的能力。
二、说学情学生对自然界中的水循环已具有一定的生活体验和知识基础,主要问题是学生还未上升到理性的层面上进行分析,而且自然界的水循环属于全球尺度和大尺度的地理现象,学生难以理解,需要教师创设适当的情境引导学生进行新知的建构。三、说教法(1)创设情景:教学实践证明,合理有趣的情境创设,可以引导学生快速进入角色,提高课堂效率(2)讨论法:通过组织学生讨论,给学生提供自主学习、合作学习、探究学习的机会。(3)多媒体演示法:利用多媒体播放一些直观的图片、动画和数字资料,把学生轻松得引入本课,通过形象生动直观地展现相关地理事物和现象,提高学生的感性认识,激发兴奋点,帮助他们理解课本内容。四、说学法(1)学会用图:让学生仔细观察图3.2和图3.3理解水循环的相关性(2)学会探究:学生思考分析总结水循环的地理意义及黄河断流的原因。
提问:结合课本找出城市地域结构模式的类型及各自特点,模式形成的因素又有哪些?学生回答,使其掌握基本模式及特点,通过对比,分析把握每一模式各自的特征,学会把握事物本质。◆设计意图:阅读课本,总结归纳,同时引导,通过原因规律的探究,大胆设想,总结规律掌握人文地理学习思路。4.活动设计:内部空间结构变化,结合实例,分析说明。提问:结合江宁区的变化,分析江宁区城市结构发生了哪些变化?结合课本24页活动题,提出功能结构布局方案?通过理论联系实际,让学生更好理解理论,掌握城市结构布局的变化及其影响因素,通过活动题方案的提出,学生能够掌握布局的规律性,解决问题。设计意图:理论联系实际,知识的不枯燥性,提高学生学习兴趣。同时,能够通过总结,深层次认识城市结构布局,活学活用。
四、说教学过程:1、导入新课:以视频形式导入新课,说明环境问题产生原因,引出人地关系的重要性2、新课讲授:学习主题一:过去——人地关系的历史回顾以动画形式展现人地关系思想的发展,激发学生学习本专题的兴趣,归纳人与自然关系的演变过程。学习主题二:现状——直面环境问题以人类与环境关系模式图说明环境问题产生的原因,人地关系实质;以因果联系框图培养学生判读方法,了解人口、资源与环境三者之间的关系;通过阅读课文,了解环境问题的类型及其空间差异的表现;以图表了解不同国家和地区环境问题在空间轴上的表现;以《京都议定书》为引子说明保护环境是全人类的共同使命学习主题三:未来——可持续发展展示“可持续发展示意图”理解可持续发展内涵、原则
◆设计意图:培养学生独立思考、合作学习的能力。分别说明市场、交通、劳动力、机械和政策对农业生产的影响,让学生切实地考虑,拓展学生思路。教师激发和维持学生学习动机、引导学生、帮助学生自主发现、探索知识,达到巩固所学知识,检验学生的实践应用能力。D.分析教材,识别图片,理解农业地域阅读、分析教材,看图识别,研究案例《澳大利亚地混合农业生产》、思考问题、解决问题◆设计意图:图片展示能清楚直观地说明问题,通过案例分析,了解澳大利亚的混合农业生产,培养学生独立思考问题、解决问题的能力,开拓学生思路。3.课堂小结:◆设计意图:帮助学生回顾课堂、巩固所学知识。4.反馈练习:◆设计意图:知识与能力强化训练,巩固本课所学知识,提高应用能力。
一、说教材【教材分析】本节课源于人教版必修二第一章第二节人口的空间变化,该节主要分为两部分:人口的迁移和影响因素,对于这两部分教材的处理很简单,课标要求为:根据资料说出人口分布的特点;而考试对于特点这方面也较重视,在本章的内容中这节算次重点,是基于第一节人口的数量变化的基础上讲诉的,进而结合教材和课标制定如下教学目标。【教学目标】知识与技能:了解人口迁移的内涵,能够根据有关资料说出国际和我国人口迁移的特点;掌握影响人口迁移的因素,能够分析一地人口迁移的原因,解决实际问题。过程与方法:通过图表的展示总结归纳国际国内人口迁移的特点,培养学生读图分析,索取所需信息的能力;通过活动探究人口迁移的影响因素,理论联系实际。情感态度与价值观:培养热爱祖国热爱家乡的情感;学会尊重他人不要对移民产生歧视,人人平等的情感。【教学重点】人口迁移分布的特点
【教学目标】知识与技能:理解环境承载力与环境人口容量的含义、两者的关系以及环境人口容量的影响因素;理解人口合理容量的含义,影响因素并掌握保持人口合理容量的做法;结合中国国情提出适合中国保持合理人口容量的措施过程与方法:通过问题探究及案例分析理解环境承载力与环境人口容量的关系及影响因素;通过问题探讨掌握保持人口合理容量的措施。情感态度与价值观:树立并强化学生的可持续发展观念,科学发展观。激发学生爱国情感更多地关注国家国情,树立主人翁意识保护地球强大祖国。【教学重点】环境人口容量的内涵以及影响因素人口合理容量的影响因素以及措施【教学难点】环境人口容量的内涵以及影响因素人口合理容量的影响因素以及措施二、说教法【教学方法】案例分析、问题探究、归纳总结