2.生活情境导入:昨天,老师去逛了逛家电商场,并记下了几种家电的价格,其中,电视机4000元,冰箱2000元,热水器800元,电饭煲300元,电水壶70元,电风扇90元,出示PPT课件。根据这些信息,你能提出哪些关于加减法的数学问题呢?将自己提出的问题写在练习本上,并列式计算。(二)新课探究,整理归纳1.指导学生提出问题,并板书,(1)电视机比冰箱贵多少元?(2)电视机和热水器总共要多少元?(3)冰箱比热水器贵多少元?2.让学生回顾以前学过的旧知识,列式并解答问题。并说说自己的算法,课堂上交流算法,教师板书,让学生充分体会算法多样化。在讲例题时,不仅在于怎样解,更在于为什么这样解,而及时对解题方法和规律进行概括,有利于学生的思维能力。
设计思路:以教师从淄川到张店西六路小学讲课的亲身经历为线索,创设具有浓郁的生活色彩的教学情境。教学素材来自生活,学生的注意力能迅速被吸引到多姿多彩、具体可感的现实生活中,学生感觉亲切自然、兴趣浓厚;所求问题源于学生自己,其主动精神被充分激发,自主解决问题的动机强烈;解题方法由学生在独立思考的基础上小组研讨得出,学生的主体作用得以充分发挥;最后让学生帮老师解决返程的实际问题,在颇富挑战性的情境中,既巩固了新知,又培养了学生运用知识解决实际问题的能力,向现实生活做了适当的延伸。自始至终,气氛和谐生动自然,学生在生活化情境中积极主动地提出问题、解答问题、展示自我,整个课堂呈现出情知交融、知行统一、个性共扬的气象,课堂上流淌着积极参与、主动创新的欢声笑语。教学过程:一、创设自然生动的生活情境师:同学们,昨天咱们已经见过面了,谁还记得我?(学生踊跃举手,气氛热烈。)师:你已经了解了我的哪些情况?
例1用为每个小朋友准备春游食品的活动,由“应该每份同样多”引出“平均分”,让学生认识“每份分得同样多,叫平均分”。接着,通过例2、例3,让学生经历“平均分”的过程,建立起“平均分”的概念。二、说教学目标二年级学生年龄小,他们以直观思维为主,不易理解抽象的概念。虽然他们在平时的生活实践中已有一定的分物品的经验,但缺少平均分物品的实践经验。因此,他们对于“什么是平均分”,“怎样平均分物品”都感到比较困惑。所以,本节课的教学目标可以预设为:1.引导学生在具体情境中感受“平均分”,在分东西的实践活动中建立“平均分”的概念,理解“平均分”的含义。2.让学生经历“平均分”的过程,在具体情境与实践活动中明确“平均分”的含义,掌握“平均分”物品的不同方法。3.培养学生自主探究的意识和解决问题的能力。
学生自由编题后,教师出示:跷跷板乐园有3个跷跷板,每个跷跷上有4人在玩,还有7人在旁边看。跷跷板乐园里一共有多少人?(2)全班读题后提问,题目的已知条件和问题是什么?根据题目的已知条件,能不能一步就算出跷跷板乐园里一共有多少人?(不能)那我们要求“跷跷板乐园里一共有多少人?”应该知道什么条件?(有多少人在玩?旁边有多少人?)大家想一想我们第一步要先算什么?(有多少人在玩跷跷板)根据题目的哪些条件可以求出“有多少人在玩跷跷板”?(有3个跷跷板,每个跷跷板上有4人在玩)怎样列式?[4X3=12(人)]为什么用乘法计算?(因为它是求3个4是多少,所以用乘法计算)现在我们已经知道有12人在玩跷跷板,那第二步该算什么?(跷跷板乐园里一共有多少人)怎样列式?[127=19(人)]谁会用一个算式表示?[4X37=19]请一个同学说一说每一步表示的意思。应用题解答完要记住写答案。
在此基础上教师又适时提出问题“根据你摆的飞机,谁能提个问题让大家猜一猜?”学生兴趣盎然,提出了诸如“我用10根小棒摆几架飞机”的问题,由此引出“求一个数里含有几个另一个数的除法含义”,为学习“一个数是另一个数的几倍”奠定了基础。在学生动手操作、动眼观察的基础上,课件出示例题中小强提出的问题:“我摆了3架飞机,我用的小棒根数是小红的几倍?”怎么解决这个问题呢?我请学生在小组里讨论,在动脑思考、充分探究中找到了“求一个数是另一个数的几倍是多少”的解题思路,即“求一个数是另一个数的几倍”的含义,就是“求一个数里含有几个另一个数”,用除法计算,15÷5=3。在这样的教学活动中,学生经历了解决问题的过程,学会了用数学的思维方式去观察、分析实际问题,学会了从数学的角度提出问题、理解问题、解决问题,培养了综合运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。
在“实例导入,激发兴趣”这一环节中我运用课件展示收集矿泉水瓶情况统计表,以生活中的环保例子为话题引入新课,激发学生的兴趣。在“自主探究,尝试估算”这一环节中我安排了同桌合作、互相交流算法,尽量把不同的策略都展现出来,使学生通过讨论体会到:解决同一个问题可以有不同的方法,只要合理都可以采用。计算策略不同,估算的结果也会不同。如估算第三、四周一共收集的个数:如果把192看做190,把219看做220,结果是410个;如果把192看做200,把219看做200,结果是400个,两种结果都是合理的,只是一种稍微粗略些,一种稍微精确些。经过学习,学生掌握了一些基本的估算方法和估算策略。这样设计的用意是:数学源于生活,用于生活,我选择学生身边的素材,激发学生的兴趣和求知欲,使学生积极主动的寻求解决问题的方法。
教学目标1.使学生通过“称一称”的实践活动,亲自感受1克和1千克的实际重量。2.通过实践活动使学生加深质量单位的理解,让学生深刻体会到质量单位与实际生活是紧密联系的,在实际生活中是非常有用的。3.培养学生的动手能力及创新意识。4.培养学生与他人的合作意识和分工合作的精神。重、难点与关键1.进一步了解克和千克的质量单位概念。能够用老师提供的称,来称量物体质量。2.巩固对质量单位实际概念是认识。教具准备天平,盘秤,适量的生活用品,如水果,蔬菜等。教学过程一、创设情境同学们这节课老师带你们去超市逛一逛,想去吗?(出示课本第85页情境图)在超市里你看到了什么?指名回答。(饼干110克、豆油5千克、6个苹果1千克……)这些都表示什么意思呢?指名回答。教师说明表示物品有多重可以用克和千克作单位。那么在日常生活中有什么地方用到克与千克呢?举例说明。
(1)提问:用自己的话说一说画面的内容。根据画面的内容编一道应用题。可先让学生自由编题,然后出示:面包房一共做了54个面包,第一队小朋友买了8个,第二队小朋友买了22个,现在剩下多少个?(2)全班同学读题后提问:题目的已知条件和问题分别是什么?根据“一共做了54个面包,第一队小朋友买了8个”这两个条件可以求什么?(第一队买后还剩下多少个)怎样列式?【54-8=46(个)】那要求还剩下多少个?又该怎样列式?【46-22=24(个)】谁能列一个综合算式?【54-8-22=24(个)】(列好后,要求学生说出每一步算式的意义)教师:大家想一想还有没有不同的想法?(鼓励学生从不同角度去思考问题)根据“第一队小朋友买了8个,第二队小朋友买了22个”可以求出什么问题?(两队一共买了多少个面包?)可以怎样列式?【8+22=30(个)】那要求还剩下多少个?又该怎样列式?【54-30=24(个)】同桌的同学互相讨论一下:如果写成一个算式,应该怎样列式?
2.采用比较简便的方法,师生合作完成“数据的收集与整理(强调数据的准确性),学生独立完成“表格的填写”。3.小组内讨论完成“表格的分析”。4.全班进行反馈。(意在培养独立收集、整理数据的能力,核对数据的准确性,并且扩大提问题的参与面,让学生也能启动智慧、享受快乐;及时反馈信息,调整教学目标)四、全课总结1.通过今天的学习,同学们有哪些收获?2.应用延伸。(课本第112页练习二十二第1题)五、布置作业教后反思统计是日常生产生活中常用和实用的工具,因此统计也是小学生必备的能力之一。但是统计的教学较为枯燥无味,教师往往会轻视统计的教学,忽略学生能力方面的培养。在教学统计时,老师要激发学生学习统计的兴趣,创造各种情景,加强学生统计中的动手实践操作训练,同时在实际生活中加以运用,并逐步加大难度和密度,同时也需要知道,统计教学不要过分地浮夸,多给予学生统计的意义,使其明确学习的目的。
(4)列式计算:94—34=60(个)60—29=31(个)或34+29=63(个)94-63=31(个)让学生列出综合算式,要他们正确的使用小括号。列好后要求学生说出每一步表示的意义。94-34-29或94-(34+29)b.教科书第7页练习一的第3题。让学生自己分析题目的已知条件和问题,然后用两种方法列式解答。58-6-7或58-(6+7)[第2题和第3题是配合例2设计的。教学时先让学生说明图意,然后思考要解决的问题。着重练习如何正确使用小括号,同时对学生进行环保意识的教育。]9.作业安排①.新型电脑公司有87台电脑,上午卖出19台,下午卖出26台,还剩下多少台?(用两种方法解答)②.班级里有22张腊光纸,又买来27张。开联欢会时用去38张,还剩下多少张?③.少年宫新购进小提琴52把,中提琴比小提琴少20把,两种琴一共有多少把?④.一辆公共汽车里有36位乘客,到福州路下去8位,又上来12位,这时车上有多少位?
第二种分法:分成三类:直角是一类,比直角小的分为一类,比直角的的又分为一类。2.讨论交流,引导学生明确锐角和钝角的意义。教师:比直角小的就是直角的弟弟,比直角的的就是它的哥哥。我们来为它们起个名字好吗?让学生充分交流后引导小结:比直角小的叫锐角,比直角大的叫钝角。相互讨论:怎样判断一个角是不是锐角或钝角?学生讨论(得出和直角比、用眼睛看等方法)三、实践应用,巩固提高1.完成练习九的第1、2题。2.画一画:请你分别画出一个直角、锐角和钝角。四、游戏活动1.折一折,比一比。让学生利用身边的材料折出不同的角,并互相认一认是什么角?2.摸摸、猜猜。(分小组活动)活动规则:把一同学眼睛蒙住,另一同学用活动角掰成大小不同的角,让蒙住眼睛的同学通过手摸后说出是什么角?其他同学当裁判。然后组内同学交换活动。五、全课总结这节课我们学习了什么?你有哪些收获?六、布置作业
1.动物园里举行运动会,小动物可高兴了,你瞧,他们排着整齐的队伍走出来了。老师分步出示图片,让学生观察,你发现了什么?第一步逐一贴出图片;小熊、兔子、猴子、青蛙;第二步逐一贴出图片:兔子、猴子、青蛙、小熊;第三步逐一贴出图片:猴子、青蛙、小熊、兔子;第四步怎样贴呢,学生试贴:青蛙、小熊、兔子、猴子。教师:为什么这样贴呢?说出你的理由。2.观察整幅方阵图,你们发现了什么?3.请四个学生上台问及此事,做类似方阵图中动物的排列,四位同学不停的变换位置。(体会其中循环排列的含义)教师:深入观察,你们还发现了什么?教师:刚才同学们用自己的语言形容出其中的排列规律;我们可以说这种排列方式是循环排列的规律。4.小东家搞装修,房子是怎样布置的呢?我们一起参观参观,有什么规律呢?学生讨论讲解:墙面与地面都是循环排列的规律。
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
1.探究:根据基本事实的推论2,3,过两条平行直线或两条相交直线,有且只有一个平面,由此可以想到,如果一个平面内有两条相交或平行直线都与另一个平面平行,是否就能使这两个平面平行?如图(1),a和b分别是矩形硬纸板的两条对边所在直线,它们都和桌面平行,那么硬纸板和桌面平行吗?如图(2),c和d分别是三角尺相邻两边所在直线,它们都和桌面平行,那么三角尺与桌面平行吗?2.如果一个平面内有两条平行直线与另一个平面平行,这两个平面不一定平行。我们借助长方体模型来说明。如图,在平面A’ADD’内画一条与AA’平行的直线EF,显然AA’与EF都平行于平面DD’CC’,但这两条平行直线所在平面AA’DD’与平面DD’CC’相交。3.如果一个平面内有两条相交直线与另一个平面平行,这两个平面是平行的,如图,平面ABCD内两条相交直线A’C’,B’D’平行。
1.观察(1)如图,在阳光下观察直立于地面的旗杆AB及它在地面影子BC,旗杆所在直线与影子所在直线的位置关系是什么?(2)随着时间的变化,影子BC的位置在不断的变化,旗杆所在直线AB与其影子B’C’所在直线是否保持垂直?经观察我们知道AB与BC永远垂直,也就是AB垂直于地面上所有过点B的直线。而不过点B的直线在地面内总是能找到过点B的直线与之平行。因此AB与地面上所有直线均垂直。一般地,如果一条直线与一个平面α内所有直线均垂直,我们就说l垂直α,记作l⊥α。2.定义:①文字叙述:如果直线l与平面α内的所有 直线都垂直,就说直线l与平面α互相垂直,记作l⊥α.直线l叫做平面α的垂线,平面α叫做直线l的垂面.直线与平面垂直时,它们唯一的公共点P叫做交点.②图形语言:如图.画直线l与平面α垂直时,通常把直线画成与表示平面的平行四边形的一边垂直.③符号语言:任意a?α,都有l⊥a?l⊥α.
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