思考提示在阶级社会中,社会基本矛盾的解决主要是通过阶级斗争实现的,阶级斗争是推动阶级社会发展的直接动力,当旧的生产关系严重阻碍生产力发展,需要进行变革时,代表旧的生产关系的没落阶级却不会自动退出历史舞台,利用旧的上层建筑维护自己的统治,只有代表新生产力发展方向的阶级通过社会革命,推翻没落的阶级统治,才能解放生产力,推动社会向前发展。所以,阶级社会的进步往往是通过激烈的社会革命实现的。但是,社会主义社会与阶级社会不同,这是因为,社会主义社会中,生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑之间的矛盾是一种非对抗性矛盾,不需要通过一个阶级推翻另一个阶级的阶级斗争的方式来解决,只能通过改革实现社会的发展,通过对生产关系和上层建筑进行改革,实现社会主义的自我完善,从而促进社会的发展。所以,我国经济体制改革是在坚持社会主义制度的前提下,改革生产关系和上层建筑中不适应生产力发展的一系列相互联系的环节和方面。
3.柏拉图(公元前427一前347)古希腊哲学家。生于雅典。苏格拉底的弟子,亚里士多德的老师。他曾在雅典创办学园,收徒讲学,逐步建立起欧洲哲学史上第一个客观唯心主义体系。他也是欧洲哲学史上第一个有大量著作传世的哲学家。他提出世界的本源是“理念”,现实中的事物都是“理念”的摹本。人的知识来源于对“理念”的回忆。柏拉图的哲学思想对后世影响很大,有人说,柏拉图之后的欧洲哲学思想都是对柏拉图思想的注脚。4.黑格尔(1770—1t53l)19世纪德国古典哲学家,客观唯心主义者、辩证法大师。生于斯图加特,卒于柏林。出身于官僚家庭。曾在图宾根神学院学习哲学和神学。大学毕业后,做过几年家庭教师。后任报纸编辑、中学校长、大学讲师、教授和柏林大学校长。黑格尔是在法国革命的直接影响下成长起来的,青年时朝气蓬勃,非常激进。他还深受著名诗人歌德的影响。1818年,他到柏林大学任教后,公开美化普鲁士专制制度,号召人们同现实妥协。
(2)历史课本中历朝历代的文化发展。(3)政治生活中关于综合国力竞争的相关知识。(4)了解文化产业的发展,深入体会知识经济、文化经济现象。五、【方法点津】:(1)坚持理论联系实际的方法,感悟文化现象,理解文化内涵,分析文化的作用,增强文化学习的自觉性。(2)自学探究。以课本的简单提示为线索,深入探究文化与经济、政治的相互交融,探究文化在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用。(3)集体讨论。针对当前国际竞争的实质,探讨我国应如何发展文化产业、发展文化生产力、增强文化竞争力;讨沦为更好地应对文化竞争,作为中学生目前应做好哪些准备。六、【课文导语】:文化,一个我们十分熟悉的词汇。然而“熟知并非真知”。有人说,文化是知识;有人说,文化是艺术。究竟什么是“文化”?只要在社会生活中细细体味,我们就能真切地感悟“文化”的内涵与文化的力量。
A生产方式是人类社会存在和发展的基础人要生存必须有吃、穿、住、用等物质生活资料,只有生存问题解决了才能谈得上社会的存在和发展,才能从事其他的活动(教育、艺术、体育、政治)。而要获得物质生活资料,必须从事物质资料的生产劳动。在这一活动中,形成了现实的生产力和生产关系,即生产方式。【思想教育】落后必然挨打,我国大力发展经济,就是为了发展生产力。发展是硬道理,中国解决一切问题的关键在与自己的发展。要积极支持改革开放,积极投身于经济建设中去。现在学好知识将来教育育人,为社会培养更多的合格人才。B生产方式决定着社会的性质和面貌社会生活纷繁复杂,包括经济生活、政治生活、精神生活、婚姻家庭生活等许多方面。这些方面都受生产方式的制约,有什么样的生产方式,就有什么样的社会结构;不同的生产方式,表现为不同性质的社会形态。社会的整个面貌只能从生产方式中得到科学的说明。【举例】家庭联产承包责任制的产生与推广1958年的人民公社化运用曾使中国农民在劳动和分配上都实行绝对的平均主义,大锅饭的结果是饭越吃越少,人越过越穷。
b哲学为具体科学提供世界观和方法论的指导每一个时代的具体科学的发展,总是受到这个时代哲学思想的影响和支配。任何一个科学家都有自己的哲学信仰,都用一定的哲学世界观来指导自己的研究。缺乏正确的世界观和方法论的指导,就会在研究中失去正确方向,甚至陷入混乱和失败。【举例】牛顿晚年误入歧途牛顿早年在自发的唯物主义世界观的指导下,发现了万有引力定律,谱写了人类物理史上的辉煌篇章。他谦虚地说,他是站在巨人们的肩膀上,拾取了知识大海里一个晶莹美丽的贝壳。但在他的后半生,居然虔诚地投入上帝地怀抱,用25年的时间研究神学,写了100多万字有关神学和宗教的书稿。牛顿是一个虔诚的宗教信徒,自幼受到信奉上帝的教育,这对他的世界观影响极深,加之他所处的时代是形而上学统治自然科学的时代,在错误的世界观的支配下,他将解释不了的现象求助于上帝,如“从上帝那里去寻找行星围绕太阳公转的第一推动力”,结果一事无成。
1、重点:如何处理主次矛盾、矛盾主次方面的关系,具体问题具体分析2、难点:弄清主次矛盾、矛盾主次方面的含义四、学情分析高二学生具备了一定的抽象思维和综合分析的能力,但实践能力普遍较弱。本框所学知识理论性较强,主次矛盾和矛盾的主次方面这两个概念极易混淆,学生较难理解。而且本框内容属方法论要求,需要学生将理论与实践紧密结合,学生在运用理论分析实际问题上还比较薄弱。五、教学方法:1、探究性学习法。组织学生课后分小组进行探究性学习。在探究性学习中进行:“自主学习”、“合作学习”。让学生进行自主学习的目的是:让学生作学习的主人,“爱学、乐学”,并培养学生终身学习的能力;让学生进行合作学习的目的是:在小组分工合作中,在生生互动( 学生与学生互动)中,促使学生克服“以自我为中心,合作精神差,实践能力弱“等不足,培养综合素质。2、理论联系实际法。关注生活,理论联系实际,学以致用。
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【参考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
知识和技能 1、理解自然地理环境整体性的基本内涵。2、了解自然地理环境整体性的表现3、使学生树立普遍联系的观点,再利用和改造自然中要充分考虑各地理要素的关系,避免“牵一发而动全身”。过程与方法 1、自主学习,分析 讨论法。2、探究与活动, 理解地理环境的整体性。3、利用景观 图片分析地理环境的整体性。情感、态度与价值观帮助学生树立事物是普遍联系的思想 ,在利用自然中要做到统筹考虑。教学 重点1、地理环境整体性的原因。2、地理要素间相互作用产生新功能。3、自然地理环境的演化过程具有统一性。4、自然地理环境要素会“牵一发而动全身”。教学 难点地理要素间相互作用产生新功能;自然地理环境具有同一演化过 程。教具、资料多媒体课件、景观图片课时安排
浅层地下水是贮存于地表松散堆积物中的潜水。主要受降水、气温、蒸发等气象因素影响,有明显的季节变化与日变化,并与河水有相应补给关系,即河水高于潜水面时,河水补给地下水,反之地下水补给河流;深层地下水是长时间内渗入地下深入储存起来的,它缓慢地流出补给河流,受气象因素影响很小,通常只有年变化,季节变化已不明显。当然,一条河流的河水补给来源往往不是单一的,而是以某一种形式为主的混合补给形式,对流域自然条件复杂的大的河流来说尤其如此。我国长江上游地区除雨水、地下水外,高原高山上冰川、积雪在夏季融化也补给河流;东北地区的河流,由春季融化积雪补给,夏季则由雨水和地下水补给;西北内陆盆地除雨水外,夏季高山冰川、积雪融化成为河流的主要补给形式。我国季风地区,大部分河流以雨水补给为主,而冬季则由地下水补给。
一、知识和技能1.使学生能够正确认识太阳的基本特征及其外部结构;2.了解太阳能量的来源,理解太阳是地球的主要能量源;3.了解太阳活动(主要是黑子和耀斑)对地球的影响。二、过程和方法1.能通过展示的图片理解太阳活动增强时会使地球无线电短波通讯受干扰及产生磁暴现象的原因。2.通过对各种资料的观察以及课前室外的观测,培养学生获取地理信息的能力和分析、判断、推理等逻辑思维能力三、情感、态度、价值观培养学生树立正确的人地观、科学的宇宙观,和热爱科学勇于探索的精神【教学重点】1.知道太阳辐射对地球的影响; 2.知道太阳活动对地球的影响;3.太阳的外部结构和能量来源【教学难点】太阳活动(黑子和耀斑)对地球的影响
一、知识和技能1.使学生了解地球的圈层构造,初步掌握地球内部圈层的组成和划分依据2.使学生了解各内部圈层的界限、厚度、物理性状等。二、过程和方法1.使学生了解研究地球内部构造的方法,从而认识人类对未知事物所进行的探索实践,激发同学们学科学、爱科学的兴趣及责任感。2.了解地球内部圈层划分实况及各层主要特点,从宏观上认识全球的整体面貌,形成地球系统观念。3.通过归纳、总结、对比地球内部各层的特点,对学生进行综合归纳等思维能力的培养和训练。三、情感、态度、价值观通过学习对学生进行热爱自然、热爱科学的教育,鼓励学生献身于科学教育事业。【教学重点】1.地震波的波速及传播特点,区别横波与纵波。2.地球内部圈层划分实况及各层主要特点,特别是地壳的特点。3.岩石圈概念,软流层知识。
晶晶和亮亮是两滴岩浆,他们生活在地球内部的:岩浆之家。一天,他们得到批准,与其他同伴一起到地球表面进行旅行。他们飞快地奔向地表,半路上,晶晶觉得累了,于是就与亮亮约好,在地表汇合。亮亮没有停步,与其他伙伴一起跳出地表,并沿着山坡往低处流动。忽然,亮亮发现自己不能再动了,不禁问旁边的同伴这是怎么一回事。同伴笑着说:“别担心,只不过你已经不再是岩浆罢了。”问题1、为什么同伴说亮亮已经不再是一滴岩浆了?2、你认为亮亮还可以继续他的地表旅行吗?请说明原因。(由学生讨论回答。)过了好长的一段时间,亮亮发现自己的个头变小了,并随着风和流水往前运动了。亮亮边走边欣赏着地表美丽的风光。忽然,亮亮发现一个熟悉的身影,认真一看,原来是晶晶。亮亮惊讶地问:“你是怎么来到地表的?”3、请你简要推测晶晶到达地表的过程。(由学生讨论回答。)亮亮和晶晶又一起踏上旅程。
生:环境承载力是指环境能持续供养的人口数量。师:对了。但是有同学仍然会感到这是一个很抽象的概念。下面我们具体来了解什么是环境承载力。我们可以从两个部分去理解:一、环境,它主要是指环境的单个要素(如:土地、水、气候、植被等。)及其组合方式。二、是承载力,它指在特定的条件下,具体某事物能承受的某种活动的最大值。那环境承载力的科学定义是怎样表达的呢?生:环境承载力是指某一时期,某种状态条件下,某地区环境所能承受的人类活动作用的阈值。师:很对。 我们可以用一个生动的例子来说明。一只木桶里面的水的多少在底面积固定不变的情况下是由哪块木板来决定?生:最短的那块。师:确实如此。这就是我们平常所讲的 “木桶效应”。那影响环境承载力的大小也是由环境个要素里面最紧缺的那个要素来决定的。下面我们用一个例子来印证一下。
1.促使美国成为一个移民国家的因素是:①美洲属于未开发的新大陆,需要大量的劳动力;②欧洲失业工人和破产农民增加,人们为了追求更好的经济待遇迁往美洲;③新航线的开辟为人们顺利迁移扫除了障碍;④殖民扩张是人口迁移的促进因素,加快了人口迁移的过程。导致美国人口在本土范围内频繁迁移的原因,归纳起来有:第一次人口迁移是战争因素,第二次是城市化;第三次是自然环境、经济环境的变化;第四次是经济格局的变化,即西部和南部新资源的发现和新兴工业的发展。2.我国古代的人口迁移,深受统治者及其行政力量的束缚。封建帝王为了加强本国的经济和军事实力,对人口迁移严加控制。只有当战乱发生的时候,这种控制才得到削弱,人们为了躲避战乱,寻找安定的生活环境,不得不进行大规模的迁移。我国近几十年的人口迁移主要是由生产资料和劳动力数量上的地区分布不平衡造成的,是经济因素在起主导作用,与古代的人口迁移截然不同。
1.澳大利亚混合农业地域在生产结构、经营方式、科技应用、农业专业化和地域化等方面有哪些特点?2.在澳大利亚混合农业地 域形成的过程中,有哪些区位因素在起作用?学生发言,教师适当引导、评点并作讲解。[教师提问]:那么,澳大利亚的墨累—达令盆地的区位因素有什么不足之处?知识拓展:课件展示澳大利亚大分水岭的雨影效应的形成原理及东水西调示意图。[教师讲解]:澳大利亚东南部受大分水岭的影响,降水集中于大分水岭的东侧,在其西侧形成山地的雨影效应,降水丰富地区与农业生产地区分布不一致,灌溉成为澳大利亚农牧业发展的限制性条件。因此,澳大利亚对水利工程建设很 重视,东水西调促进了墨累—达令盆地农牧业的发展。[课堂小结]:这节课我们学习了农业区位选择的基本原理。 通过学习我们了解到,农业的区位选择实质上就是对农业土地的合理利用。
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