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新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Reading for Writing教学设计
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Reading and Thinking教学设计
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案：1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money- Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
Step 3 Meaning1. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should +动词原形”构成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。2. was/were going to+动词原形: 表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作, 常用于口语中, 表示预言、意图或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期开始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作, “刚要/正要做……”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾计划做某事”, 如果表示“本来计划做某事, 动作没实现”, 则需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等动词的过去进行时: 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。She was coming later. 她随后就来。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
4. A：We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B：↙Who?A：We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降调说Who，其意思是问，对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The value of money-Reading and Thinking教学设计二
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8：Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 the value of money-Reading For Writing教学设计一
【参考范文】Narrator：(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H＝Henry；B＝Barber；R＝rude manH：Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B：(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H：Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B：It's quite expensive here, you know！Are you sure you can afford it?H：Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R：Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B：All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R：Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H：Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B：This man's in a hurry. H：Well so am I！I insist that you cut my hair first. B：OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H：Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B：Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H：Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R：You're that Mr Adams! Well，I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B：Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry！(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about！Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut！It will be my honour to serve you!
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading and Thinking教学设计
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
人教版高中历史必修1甲午中日战争和八国联军侵华说课稿
四．设计反思我在设计本课时，希望通过情境的创设充分再现历史，并利用多媒体辅助教学，破重点、化难点，让学生主动参与到学习过程中，从而突破狭小的教室空间，让学生真正做到感知历史，立足现实，展望未来。自主，交流、合作、探究是课程改革中着力倡导的新型学习方式。课堂教学中如何开展小组合作的探究学习存在着很多困难，首先是课堂教学时间有限，如何体现面向全体，给每个学生以机会？再次，历史问题的讨论只能依托于史料才能使讨论不沦为空谈，课堂上通过网络提供大量的史料（文字、图片或其他），势必不能有充分时间让学生阅读分析。如何解决这些问题呢?措施一：要形成较固定的历史学习合作小组。选定一位同学担任组长，负责协调措施二：要设置有利于学生探究的问题情境措施三：要把课堂教学与课外学习结合起来。在课前就印发相关的材料，或引导学生去查阅相关的资料，让学生有个充分的阅读、思考、交流的时间，是保证课堂上小组交流能成功实现的一个前提
人教版高中地理必修2从市中心到郊区，你选择住哪里说课稿
课前活动：分成四组，对南京三个住房地段进行调查，新街口夫子庙、板仓、仙林，对住房居民进行问卷调查，自行设计调查问卷，分析该地段的房价要求，居民的要求，居民为何要在该地段购买住房，基础设施设置等等其它与居民购房有关的因素。◆设计意图：利用课前小组探究形式对所学问题进行相关调查，不仅让学生掌握知识了解知识来源于社会还能培养学生深入生活交际表达能力以及合作探究能力；3.问题设计同学们，不知道你们在调查过程中是否发现一个问题，郊区的房子，特别是别墅，都是些高档居所，许多有钱人的居住场所，那为什么会这样呢？伴随着城市化进程中居民都往城里挤，为什么还会有许多有钱人往郊区搬呢？这就是我们今天要研究的第二个问题：逆城市化。◆设计意图：承转过渡知识，从购房选择因素的学习过渡到郊区化的学习，同时培养学生发现问题的能力，给学生以启迪。
人教版高中语文必修1《奥斯维辛没有什么新闻》说课稿2篇
第11段很短，只点出了这是“在妇女身上搞不育试验的地方”，但在最末又加了一句“否则他会羞红了脸的”，这是为什么？那肯定是一个极为肮脏，极为残酷的地方。据资料记载：当时的希特勒制定一项令所有被征服或占领国家的民族充当奴隶并且逐渐消亡的隐密性种族灭绝计划——高效率、大规模的强制绝育。为此，数以百计的纳粹医生、教授、专家甚至护士，在行政管理专家的通力合作下，相继提出了几十种绝育方法，十余种实施方案，并且在奥斯维辛、拉芬斯布吕克、布亨瓦尔特、达豪等十多个大型集中营内对数以万计的犹太、吉普赛囚犯、因从事抵抗运动而被捕的政治犯和男女战俘进行了残酷的手术试验，造成他们大量死亡或者终身残疾、终身不育。这样残酷的毫无人性的手段，任谁也不愿看到。
人教版高中语文必修1《别了，“不列颠尼亚”》说课稿2篇
一、说教材《别了，不列颠尼亚》是编排在人教版《普通高中课程标准实验教科书语文1（必修）》第四单元的课文，是精读课文《短新闻两篇》中的一篇，另一篇是《奥斯维辛没有什么新闻》。这一单元的学习内容是新闻和报告文学，还有两篇作品分别是中国报告文学三大里程碑之一的《包身工》和记录中国航天事业辉煌发展的《飞向太空的航程》。在当今信息大爆炸的时代，如何快速获得信息，如何在新闻中解读事件的真相，感悟生活的内涵成为语文教学的又一重大任务。因此这一单元的编入便更多地具有了时代意义，体现了语文学科与日常生活的密切关系。不仅如此，新闻特写和报告文学的选入，拓宽了学生对新闻类文章的了解，体现语文学科的工具性作用。在选文的过程中，新教材同时注重语文学科的人文性，四篇作品不仅传递着新鲜、真实的信息，同时更张显人文性的厚度，他们以饱满的情感，纵横的历史经验。
人教版高中语文必修2《亲近自然写景要抓住特征》说课稿2篇
我选取这两组例子的目的就是要学生在阅读对比中明白“横看成岭侧成峰。远近高低各不同”的道理。要让学生明白：看同一景物，观者所处的方位不同，角度不同，收到的效果也不同。最后教师明确：要写出景物的特征，首先得仔细观察，并注意观察点的变化。然后追问：抓住景物的特征还有哪些要求？让学生带着问题再来看多媒体出示的夜晚荷塘图和泰山松的有关图片，先让学生尝试描写，然后再出示《荷塘月色》和《雨中登泰山》中和图片有关的两段描写。这两段分别是：“曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子……仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。”（《荷塘月色》），“但是把人的心灵带到一种崇高境界的，是那些“吸翠霞而夭矫的松树……都让你觉得他们是泰山的天然主人，好象少了谁都不应该似的。”（《雨中登泰山》）。
人教版高中语文必修2《孔雀东南飞并序》说课稿2篇
4、问题策略。引导学生提出问题、提出有价值的问题，是探究性学习的难点，也是课堂教学最有活力、最具创造力的亮点。我设计的课堂问题有：诗歌着力赞颂刘焦坚贞爱情和反抗精神，但他们许多地方却表现的非常顺从呢？焦母如此专横固执，为什么在焦刘悲剧发生后又要求合葬呢？这些由诗句生发的问题，会深深打动作学生的心灵，诱导学生去读诗，去背诗，去体味诗。5、手段方法。借助多媒体课件10个幻灯片、课文音频诵读资料、课文相关的文字资料，采用诵读法、讨论法、探究法等教学方法进行本课教学。6、板书设计：板书是教学内容的浓缩。根据教学重点和本诗特色，我的板书分预设和生成两块。预设板书设计有文章标题、情节结构、艺术特色三部分。文章标题孔雀东南飞情节结构被遣——誓别——抗婚——殉情——化鸟艺术手法①人物对话的个性化②铺陈排比的手法③起兴和尾声
人教版高中语文必修1《黄河九曲：写事要有点波澜》说课稿
二、说学生本届高一学生经过了三年初中课改，在心理上，他们渴望表现的欲望和自主探究的欲望比较强烈，对有兴趣的知识表现出高度地热情，并具有一定的团结协作能力，但还是应该正视一个并不乐观的现实——在写作方面，学生知识还停留在简单的记叙及表达方式综合运用上，至于巧妙构思、谋篇布局很是空白。即便已经经过高中一个学期的学习，但还是有大部分学生依然基础较为薄弱，甚至出现不知从何下笔的现象。三、说教法与学法“老师搭台，学生唱戏”１、教法：本课将安排两课时（一课时学习一课时练笔），采用 PPT 多媒体课件教学，尝试用角色扮演法、图片展示法和多媒体教学等方法，教学中应该重视学生的参与性和探究性。２、学法：学生应该充分利用多角度创设的学习情境来激发自身学习的兴趣和热情，分组讨论，小组互助等形式让学生积极自主参与、进行问题探究学习。理论依据：建构主义理论“学生是学习的中心”的阐释，教师应该做学生主动建构意义的帮助者、促进者。
人教版高中语文必修1《园丁赞歌：记叙要选好角度》说课稿
在学习语文经验交流会上，季老师举着我的《采花酿蜜集》，对大家说：“人日积月累辛勤采撷，终于酿出了知识的琼浆。大家都应这样，争做知识的富户啊！”老师有点激动，低低地爬在鼻梁上的眼镜突然滑了下来，正好落在那集子上。大家笑了，季老师也笑了。就这样，我的写作有了进步，好几篇作文登上了班级《学作园地》。从此，我爱上了语文，更深深地爱上了季老师。高中升学考前那个星期天的夜晚，季老师旧病复发，累倒了。半夜，老师们把他送进了公社卫生院。第二天，同学们都悄悄去卫生院看望。我去的时候，季老师正在挂滴流。可是，下午季老师又出现在讲台上，他脸色憔悴，声音沙哑……我手捧《采花酿蜜集》走近季老师，思绪的溪水从远方流了回来。“季老师”，我把本子捧给老师，深情地叫了声。季老师接过本子，仔细翻阅着，脸上露出了笑容，像是闻到了郁郁芳香的蜜汁似的。“进步不小呀！”季老师说着，又在本子扉页上题了
人教版高中语文必修3《杜甫诗三首 秋兴八首》说课稿2篇
师：“两开”是什么意思啊？注解里是怎么说的？第二次开，也就说他在这个地方已经待了两年了，这里是他回家的路途中，是不是？路途中他停留了两年时间。好的，你先请坐。你觉得残菊不能两开，在理解上好像存在一些误差。赵勇：因为菊花古往今来代表着对家乡的思念。师：菊花代表对家乡的思念？（下面学生齐笑）这种说法牵强了些，菊花在古代象征着高洁，梅兰竹菊是四君子嘛。赵勇：写这首诗时，他已经打算回故乡了，所以不应该写“残菊”，写“残菊”的话……师：事实上，他回不了故乡。好的，请坐。再想想，“残菊”意味着什么？破败。“丛菊”呢？茂盛。那这里说“两开他日泪”，“两开”是什么意思？开了两了次了，这说明他在这里已经待了两年了。那“他日泪”又是什么意思？赵勇：应该是他看到这里的菊花开得这么茂盛，就想到了故乡的菊花也是开的茂盛的时候。如果是“残菊”的话，那故乡的菊也会开得很残败。（下面学生齐笑）
人教版高中语文必修3《杜甫诗三首 咏怀古迹》说课稿2篇
第三，说教学重点和难点。根据课程标准的具体要求、学生实际和社会实际以及教材的逻辑结构和教学体系，我认为本课的重难点是以下几个方面。教学重点：1．理解王昭君的形象2．深入理解杜甫在诗中的情感教学难点：理解寓意，把握主旨。第四，说教法与学法。教法：根据课文特点和学生实际情况，以诵读法（示范朗读、学生齐读）、问题探究法、点拨法、讨论分析法进行教学。首先激发学生学习本文的兴趣；然后引导学生反复吟哦诵读，在读的过程中质疑、思考、品析、鉴赏；最后在教师适当的点拨下，在集体的热烈讨论中，理解作者的感情，得到新的认识。（解说：使学生在教师的主导下围绕中心议题发表各自的意见，相互交流，相互启发，相互争议，激发他们主动去获取知识，培养健康情感。）
人教版高中历史必修2从“战时共产主义”到“斯大林模式”说课稿2篇
【课堂小结】本课主要讲述俄国十月革命后进行经济建设，并在建设中进行社会主义探索，期间先后出现了战时共产主义政策、新经济政策和斯大林模式，这些政策和体制的产生都是历史和当时现实有关，但也反映出在建设社会主义中既有成功的也由重大失误，主要在于缺乏现成的政策和模式可供借鉴，更在于理论上的缺乏。斯大林模式的形成同苏联当时社会生产力的发展水平相适应，它在初期和战争时期曾发挥了巨大作用，使苏联成为强大的社会主义国家。它建立的高度集中的计划经济体制和新型的工业化模式是苏联进行社会主义建设中的探索和创新，对二战后社会主义国家产生了深刻影响，促进这些国家国民经济的恢复和发展，形成了足以同资本主义相抗衡的社会主义阵营。但是，它没有解决社会主义民主政治建设和经济运行的一系列根本问题，违背了列宁关于把文化经济建设当作工作重心的指示，仍把政治斗争放在第一位。
人教版高中历史必修2第二次工业革命说课稿2篇
②内燃机的发明推动了交通运输领域的革新。19世纪末，新型的交通工具——汽车出现了。1885年，德国人卡尔·本茨成功地制成了第一辆用汽油内燃机驱动的汽车。1896年，美国人亨利·福特制造出他的第一辆四轮汽车。与此同时，许多国家都开始建立汽车工业。随后，以内燃机为动力的内燃机车、远洋轮船、飞机等也不断涌现出来。1903年，美国人莱特兄弟制造的飞机试飞成功，实现了人类翱翔天空的梦想，预告了交通运输新纪元的到来。③内燃机的发明推动了石油开采业的发展和石油化学工业的产生。石油也像电力一样成为一种极为重要的新能源。1870年，全世界开采的石油只有80万吨，到1900年猛增至2 000万吨。（3）化学工业的发展：①无机化学工业：用化学反应的方式开始从煤焦油中提炼氨、笨、等，用化学合成的方式，美国人发明了塑料，法国人发明了纤维，瑞典人发明了炸药等。
