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大班社会教案:从古到今话交通一堂公开课

  • 《拿来主义》说课稿(一) 2022-2023学年统编版高中语文必修上册

    《拿来主义》说课稿(一) 2022-2023学年统编版高中语文必修上册

    (三)说目标鉴于以上学情分析,结合单元学习任务群——思辨性阅读与表达的定位,确定本课教学目标为通过设置任务情境,带领学生在活动中认识表达的有针对性、论述的层次逻辑性以及感受文章蕴含的批判力量。其中以表达的有针对性为教学重点,以论述的层次逻辑性为难点。(四)说理念根据课标和教材特点,结合学情,授课将依托“学为中学理论”“建构主义学习理论”和“最近发展区理论”等,积极开展阅读与鉴赏、表达与交流、梳理与探究等语文实践活动提升学生语文核心素养。三、教学实施(一)设定学习情境为引导广大学生合理对待外来文化,学校辩论社拟设定辩题——如何正确对待外来文化展开辩论。有同学说坚决抵制外来文化(正方),也有同学说要积极吸收(反方)……那么如果你是其中一位辩手,你将在《拿来主义》中如何撷取素材呢?

  • 《包身工》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文选择性必修中册

    《包身工》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文选择性必修中册

    首先请同学设想:“如果你是作者,当你准备写一篇以包身工为题材的文章时,会从哪些方面选材?”而“本文又是如何将这些材料组织起来的?”这一环节能够使学生参与到教学过程中来,通过问题能够引导学生关注本文的选材类型和表达方式,区分文中穿插的感性、理性材料,从而理解报告文学兼文学性、议论性于一体的文学特质。然后请同学阅读表现包身工起床情形的场面描写(1-6段),并引导学生分析该段表达效果;再请同学们阅读“芦柴棒”被虐待段(16-20段),并引导同学们比较两个片段在选材上有何区别,进而归纳点面结合的手法的艺术效果。最后请学生找出文中其他运用点面结合手法的段落,并尝试自主分析。这一环节能够引导学生直观地感受本文场面描写的作用,并分析点面结合手法的艺术效果,同时也让学生通过练习探究掌握分析该手法的方法。

  • 《陈情表》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文选择性必修下册

    《陈情表》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文选择性必修下册

    4、学习任务三:品读,赏析特色,深入探究。(解决“为什么这么陈情“的问题)文学史上,以获得“高难度”的险助而又收“高效率”奇功的,首推李密的《陈情表》。“抗君命”、“逆圣旨”,李密是为“辞不赴命”而上书的。让学生再读课文,结合导学案中的背景介绍,思考作者为什么这样陈情。 【方法导引】再读文本,深入思考作者除了从亲情入手打动晋武帝,还从哪些方面陈情以达到自己想要的效果?要求:独立思考,小组合作,梳理归纳,到黑板上展示。教师补充归纳:本文出于情,归于理,先动之以情,再晓之以理。李密是亡国旧臣,惹恼晋武帝,会被株连九族。先以祖孙相依为命的亲情凄切婉转的表明心意,唤起晋武帝的怜悯之心,再以“报国恩”“徇私情”的两难和朝廷以“孝”治国以及自己为官追求等,打消皇帝疑虑,最终提出先尽孝后尽忠的解决方案,以情动人,构思缜密。整篇《陈情表》密布着感情的浓云,陈情于事,寓理于情,凄恻动人。

  • 《故都的秋》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修上册

    《故都的秋》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修上册

    1.圈点、勾画重要词语评点的读书习惯和方法。如全出描绘秋色的词语,标出传递秋声的词语,点评北国故都秋色的词语、南国秋色的词语,摄取主要信息。2.口、耳、手、脑并用的读书习惯和方法。如默读、听读、跟读时,不动笔墨不看书,不动思维不读书。3.学以致用的迁移运用方法。如投影仪的练习设计,让学生由品文到品读诗词等。四、说教学程序(一)导语激趣人们常说,良好的开端是成功的一半,因而导语也就显得十分重要。好的导语能营造适宜的课堂氛围,集中学生的注意力,调动学生的学习情绪,使学生对学习的内容产生浓厚的兴趣。这篇课文的导语我是这样来设计的:同学们,自古诗家多爱秋,因为秋是文人心中的一粒愁种子。“无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来。”这是杜甫面对秋风登高而抒怀;“梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏,点点滴滴。这次第,怎一个愁字了得。”这是李清照面对秋雨而吟咏愁情。秋风秋雨愁煞人啦。

  • 《荷塘月色 》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修上册

    《荷塘月色 》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修上册

    一、说目标本课我制定的教学目标有三:1.学习《荷塘月色》中细腻、传神的语言,体会新鲜贴切的比喻、通感所产生的表达效果。2.通过朗读、品读、赏读,掌握《荷塘月色》描写景物及情景交融的写法,体会其严谨的结构。3.了解心中情和笔下景,体会本文感性与理性交织构成的独特情致,培养学生高尚的审美情趣。我确定以上目标的依据有三:一是基于对新课标的理解:新的语文课程标准在阅读上的要求是“感受文学形象,品味文学作品语言和艺术技巧的表现力,初步鉴赏文学作品。”二是基于对教材的认识:《荷塘月色》作为本单元第一篇课文,承担着奠定基础的任务,即帮助学生通过阅读本课,理解和明确散文应该“读什么”和学会散文应该“怎么读”,然后在学习《故都的秋》和《囚绿记》的过程中去实践、检验、修正,不断增强散文鉴赏的能力,从而提高审美情趣。

  • 《蜀道难》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文选择性必修下册

    《蜀道难》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文选择性必修下册

    (3)夸张到极致的技巧: (学生寻找出诗歌中的夸张语句,谈出感受)(4)多样的诗歌意境: 为了表达主观感受与目的的需要,诗歌中构织不同的意境:高峻、宏伟、神奇、凄清、恐怖等各种意境均有描绘,而这些意境又统统表现一个“难”字。(5)神秘的传说: “五丁开山”“太阳神回车”“子规哀啼”等传说的出现,使全诗笼罩一种神秘气氛,也从另一个角度表现出了一个“难”字。九.课后探讨本文主旨历来争议不定,明确诗歌的主旨和情感。 我首先指导方法, “知人论世” 是评论文学作品的一种原则 。知人,就是了解作者其人及作者与作品的关系。论世,就是要了解作者所处的时代、环境。接着打出李白在长安的介绍。说明李白踌躇满志而来,却受到权贵的忌恨,被放还乡。接着打出唐玄宗时期的介绍,说明太平景象背后潜伏的危机。然后让学生分组讨论,本课的写作意图是什么?

  • 《蜀相》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文选择性必修下册

    《蜀相》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文选择性必修下册

    我将本节课分为三个部分:1.情境导入先运用多媒体,展示电影《赤壁》的几张图片,通过“赤壁之战”将三国时期这场经典战争诸葛亮的智谋呈现给学生,吸引学生走进历史,激发想象力和趣味性,提高学生的学习主动性。在成功吸引学生注意力过后,再向他们说,这只是历史中的一部分,在“赤壁之战”前后,诸葛亮一生的故事是怎样的呢?下面我们来看看唐代大诗人杜甫的《蜀相》,他是怎样用精辟的诗句概括的。2.讲授新课在成功吸引学生注意力后,迅速将他们带入课文讲授阶段。第一,进行作者介绍,其目的是为了使学生在整体上把握诗人的经历、写作技巧、艺术风格及写作背景。第二,多诵读,多推敲,理解诗中的言外之意。第三,把握重点词语,分析景物意象,体味作者的思想感情和作品的深层意蕴。感受诗人忧国忧民强烈的爱国主义感情。

  • 《说“木叶”》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修下册

    《说“木叶”》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修下册

    这五个问题,主要从学情出发,由浅入深,从感知到理论,培养学生的鉴赏能力。第三环节:延伸探究、展示成果(多媒体显示)走出文本,引入课外同类文学现象,让学生能够触类旁通,举一反三,把教材作为一个例子,让学生在深入的文学鉴赏中再次获得语言的审美。同学们初步掌握了文学语言具有暗示性的性质后,还需巩固、提升鉴赏能力!这里我采取的方法是:引导学生认真阅读文本,经小组合作探究后,得出本组的鉴赏成果并加以展示,这里重在培养学生的理解能力和分析综合能力。问题是:1、 请结合下面三首词的意境,选用残红、落红、乱红填空。2、 阅读下面这些句子,理解“燕”在词语中的暗示意义。该环节充分体现了 “ 教师为主导,学生为主体”的原则。老师的适时点拨,让学生的鉴赏思路更加清晰。学生通过合作探究,理解能力和分析综合能力得到了提升。

  • 《再别康桥》说课稿(一) 2020-2021学年统编版高中语文选择性必修下册

    《再别康桥》说课稿(一) 2020-2021学年统编版高中语文选择性必修下册

    2.对比联想法。让学生在诵读的基础上,对《再别康桥》中康桥美景的赏析和意象进行解读,引导学生欣赏诗歌的画面美,从而受到审美的体验。3.探究式学习法。引导学生对《再别康桥》情感和主题的探究。充分发挥学生自主学习的能力,引导学生主动地获取知识,重视学生的实践活动。三、学法1、诵读法 加强诵读,这是阅读诗词的一般方法。2、体悟法 通过意象把握情感,主要是让学生设身处地走进雨巷去感悟。3、联想比较法 通过与诗人的其他作品的比较学习,体会创作风格及作者情感。四、教学过程教学过程设计一、导入自古以来,离别总免不了沉重的愁绪。比如王维《宋元二使安西》:劝君更尽一杯酒,西出阳关无故人。李白《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》:孤帆远影碧空尽,唯见长江天际流。柳永《雨霖铃》执手相看泪眼,竟无语凝噎。正所谓自古多情伤离别,更那堪冷落清秋节啊。(设计目的:以离别主题的诗歌导入课文,让学生更快地进入课文情境。)

  • 《祝福》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修下册

    《祝福》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修下册

    三、说教学目标:根据教材特点、学生学情,结合单元的教学要求和本课特点,我确定本节课的教学目标为:1、语言建构与运用:把握小说主要内容,梳理小说情节。2、思维发展与提升:鉴赏文本,品味人物形象,探究造成人物悲剧的社会根源。3、审美鉴赏与创造:分析祥林嫂人物形象,学习本文塑造人物形象的方法。4、文化传承与理解:认识封建礼教的罪恶,培养学生反封建意识及斗争意识,体会鲁迅小说的社会批判性。四、说教学重难点:教学重点:分析祥林嫂的人物形象。教学难点:体会次要人物身上的内涵,探究造成人物悲剧的社会根源。五、说教法学法:教法:任务导向 启发与点拨 讲授学法:问题探究 小组合作 展示学习是自觉的能力,合作是团队的探究,通过指导自学,小组学习,提升合作学习的能力,让学生掌握科学的学习方法,教法上,我充分遵从认知规律和教学规律,尊重学生主体地位以学习任务为驱动,以情境创设为手段,启

  • 人音版小学音乐一年级上国旗国旗真美丽说课稿

    人音版小学音乐一年级上国旗国旗真美丽说课稿

    3、最后,在为学生建立音高概念阶段,设计了运用手势和图形谱帮助学生感受歌曲的旋律。意图在于,新的教学大纲特别注重学生音高概念的建立。尤其是一年级起步阶段,这也是一个教学的难点,所以在设计模唱曲谱教学环节中,也力求做到挖掘一些音乐要素的内涵,让学生在参与、体验、感受、表现音乐中了解歌曲旋律的走向,获得音高感受。四、拓展延伸(一)、知识抢答“祖国知多少”此环节的设计意图是:学生学习情绪,让他们得到休息放松,同时也是对相关知识的学习过程,为下面进一步拓展在情感上做好准备。(二)、音像结合,在听赏中进一步感受歌曲的丰富情感和思想内涵。从内心产生对国旗的赞美和喜爱之情,思想得到升华,意图在于:这是一个情感深入阶段,在这一环节中各个教学内容的设计都是意在做到以审美为核心,抓住一个“情”字,激发学生对国旗的热爱和赞美之情。在歌曲歌唱处理上循序渐进,使学生对歌曲情感的感受和体验逐步加强。

  • 人音版小学音乐一年级下采蘑菇的小姑娘说课稿

    人音版小学音乐一年级下采蘑菇的小姑娘说课稿

    (三)精读感悟1.独立阅读,自主探究。出示中心问题:这是一个---- 的小姑娘。?是从哪些地方看出来的?找出有关语句并体会着读一读。这一环节充分体现了学生“自主、合作、探究”的学习方式。教师为学生提供了宽广的学习空间。学生围绕中心问题,自己确定重点研究的内容,自由选择最适合自己的学习方式,在课文中摄取相关的语言信息。预设1这是一个勤劳的小姑娘,从第一小节看出。预设2这是一个善良的小姑娘,第二小节看出。引导学生找出相关的语句用自己的话说一说。设计意图1用尊重学生独特的见解和感受。让学生去关心文本中的人物,鼓励他们发表自己的想法,在品味中感受小姑娘的勤劳、善良故事表演情感升华2、学唱歌曲。帮助学生记忆课文。3、学完本课文后提问你最想说的一句话什么?你想对小姑娘说什么?达成情感目标。(四)达标测评(3)读一读,然后用“像”写句话。1.她采的蘑菇最多,多得像那星星数不清。2.她采的蘑菇最大,大得像那小伞装满筐。

  • 人音版小学音乐二年级下册都有一颗红亮的心说课稿

    人音版小学音乐二年级下册都有一颗红亮的心说课稿

    师介绍念白主要分京白和韵白:京白是经过艺术加工的北京方言,节奏鲜明,重点突出。韵白具有一种典雅而夸张的韵味,是对古代人物语言的艺术变形。(用《红灯记》中李奶奶的一句话:“你姓陈,我姓李,你爹他姓张!”示范用京白,韵白念后,带学生用京白学念两遍。)(五) 再听现代京剧片段《都有一颗红亮的心》1. 引导学生结合音乐欣赏,初步了解感受其唱腔特点。师:京剧主要两大唱腔(二黄原板与西皮流水),今天我们来了解下“西皮流水”唱腔的点:投影西皮流水是一种节奏紧凑;旋律起伏变化比较大;唱腔明朗、活泼、流畅;善于表现喜悦、激动、高昂的情绪唱腔。(六)课堂小结京剧是博大精深的,这节课仅仅给同学们起到了引导作用,希望这节课能成为我们热爱京剧的良好开端,让我们打开京剧大门,一起去真正揭开京剧神秘的面纱,做一个自豪的中国人。

  • 新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for Writing教学设计一

    新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for Writing教学设计一

    The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.

  • 新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking&Talking教学设计一

    新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking&Talking教学设计一

    Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.

  • 新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading and Thinking教学设计一

    新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading and Thinking教学设计一

    Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.

  • 新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading For Writing教学设计一

    新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading For Writing教学设计一

    另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's short­term and long­term problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;

  • 新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading and Thinking教学设计一

    新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading and Thinking教学设计一

    Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.

  • 新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 the value of money-Reading For Writing教学设计一

    新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 the value of money-Reading For Writing教学设计一

    【参考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!

  • 空间向量基本定理教学设计人教A版高中数学选择性必修第一册

    空间向量基本定理教学设计人教A版高中数学选择性必修第一册

    反思感悟用基底表示空间向量的解题策略1.空间中,任一向量都可以用一个基底表示,且只要基底确定,则表示形式是唯一的.2.用基底表示空间向量时,一般要结合图形,运用向量加法、减法的平行四边形法则、三角形法则,以及数乘向量的运算法则,逐步向基向量过渡,直至全部用基向量表示.3.在空间几何体中选择基底时,通常选取公共起点最集中的向量或关系最明确的向量作为基底,例如,在正方体、长方体、平行六面体、四面体中,一般选用从同一顶点出发的三条棱所对应的向量作为基底.例2.在棱长为2的正方体ABCD-A1B1C1D1中,E,F分别是DD1,BD的中点,点G在棱CD上,且CG=1/3 CD(1)证明:EF⊥B1C;(2)求EF与C1G所成角的余弦值.思路分析选择一个空间基底,将(EF) ?,(B_1 C) ?,(C_1 G) ?用基向量表示.(1)证明(EF) ?·(B_1 C) ?=0即可;(2)求(EF) ?与(C_1 G) ?夹角的余弦值即可.(1)证明:设(DA) ?=i,(DC) ?=j,(DD_1 ) ?=k,则{i,j,k}构成空间的一个正交基底.

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