The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降调说Who,其意思是问,对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
一、说教材(一)、教材内容《古代中国的发明和发现》是人教版高中历史必修三第三单元第一课内容,本课教材主要从五个方面的典型事例向学生介绍了古代中国几千年的科技成就。本课一方面展示了古代中国人民的勤劳智慧以及对世界文明发展作出的巨大贡献,另一方面也提出了一个重大问题引起学生的思考,即造成中国科技在近代落后的原因是什么。此外、本课在教材中具有承上启下的地位和作用,前承中国传统文化主流思想,后启现代中国科学技术的发展。根据课标要求和教材内容,我将本课的三维目标确定如下:(三)教学目标(1)知识与能力:掌握中国古代科技进步的基础知识,特别是四大发明。认识古代中国四大发明对世界文明发展的贡献,以及取得重大成就的原因。⑵过程与方法:通过指导学生课前阅读课本,在课堂上进行问题探究、实验体验以及历史比较,学会总结归纳。
四、说教学过程:1、导入新课:以视频形式导入新课,说明环境问题产生原因,引出人地关系的重要性2、新课讲授:学习主题一:过去——人地关系的历史回顾以动画形式展现人地关系思想的发展,激发学生学习本专题的兴趣,归纳人与自然关系的演变过程。学习主题二:现状——直面环境问题以人类与环境关系模式图说明环境问题产生的原因,人地关系实质;以因果联系框图培养学生判读方法,了解人口、资源与环境三者之间的关系;通过阅读课文,了解环境问题的类型及其空间差异的表现;以图表了解不同国家和地区环境问题在空间轴上的表现;以《京都议定书》为引子说明保护环境是全人类的共同使命学习主题三:未来——可持续发展展示“可持续发展示意图”理解可持续发展内涵、原则
【教学目标】知识与技能:理解环境承载力与环境人口容量的含义、两者的关系以及环境人口容量的影响因素;理解人口合理容量的含义,影响因素并掌握保持人口合理容量的做法;结合中国国情提出适合中国保持合理人口容量的措施过程与方法:通过问题探究及案例分析理解环境承载力与环境人口容量的关系及影响因素;通过问题探讨掌握保持人口合理容量的措施。情感态度与价值观:树立并强化学生的可持续发展观念,科学发展观。激发学生爱国情感更多地关注国家国情,树立主人翁意识保护地球强大祖国。【教学重点】环境人口容量的内涵以及影响因素人口合理容量的影响因素以及措施【教学难点】环境人口容量的内涵以及影响因素人口合理容量的影响因素以及措施二、说教法【教学方法】案例分析、问题探究、归纳总结
首先引导回顾细胞质内各个细胞器的分工协作、产生分泌蛋白的过程;同时思考:为什么这些细胞器可以这样有条不紊的密切协作?这中间有没有专门起协调和控制作用的部门?从而导入本节内容。通过学生小组讨论及师生共同分析“资料分析”中的4个实验,总结出细胞核的功能,即细胞核是遗传信息库,控制细胞代谢和遗传的功能。在此基础上,向学生举出克隆羊多莉的实例,加强理解。设问:那么细胞核为什么能成为细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心?要弄清这个问题,我们必须从细胞核的结构中寻找答案,从而引出细胞的结构。在这部分,引导学生思考以下几个问题:(1)细胞核能控制细胞的遗传,说明其应该有什么物质?(2)含有DNA的结构如线粒体、叶绿体,它们的外面都有什么相同的结构?(3)细胞核能控制细胞,肯定能与外界联系,如何能办到?(4)学习RNA的分布时,RNA主要分布在细胞质,少量还分布在哪里呢?
本节课我分成两个课时A首先我会在在ppt上放几张关于区域的图,让学生思考什么是区域,区域有什么特征。其次我会在在书上画出区域的定义,在给与解释说明,再在书上画出区域的四个特征,让同学小组讨论哪些区域是有界的,哪些区域是无界的,从而加深同学们对区域的理解。B在ppt上放出长江三角洲和松嫩平原,不同风土人情由此导入下一个知识点:不同区域由于地理环境的差异,人们的生产特点有许多的不同,发展方式也存在差异,然后让学生思考长江三角洲和松嫩平原有什么差异,各自给区域环境发展带来什么影响,启发学生从气候等方向思考,然后用表格的方式给不同因素归类(归位自然和社会经济两大类)再启发同学们从两大类分别讨论对农业与工业发展的影响,最后再用表格的形式分类表达C然后给同学们几个问题,巩固同学课堂所学,最后留下一个问题课后解决:除了今天讲的因素外还有哪些因素对区域发展产生影响?
【情感态度及价值观】 通过创设探究情境,展示典型显示案例激发思考,与学生共同感受当前区域经济一体化与经济全球化浪潮的冲击,以及当前我国、我省发展的机遇、成就和危机,培养学生的时代感和使命感。五、重点难点【重点】1、产业转移的影响因素2、产业转移对区域地理环境的影响【难点】1、如何从图文材料中分析出影响产业转移的主要因素2、产业转移对产业迁出区和移入区的不同影响六、教学方法1、材料分析法。提供分层次的问题与材料,并进行方法指导,学生通过思考和讨论自行分析发现知识、构建知识。使不同层次的学生均有发展。这是本节设计主要采用的教学方法。2、合作探究法3、多媒体教学法七、 教学过程(一) 引入 :假如某同学买彩票中大奖,想投资生产面临几项选择1、投资高端智能手机制造还是普通服装厂?2、厂址选择在濮阳市还是南乐县?
师我国河流众多,长江流域、黄河流域、珠江流域等正在继续开发,出示“长江流域示意图”,请同学们借鉴今天所学的分析方法,分析长江流域发展的自然地理条件。(学生相互交流、讨论)生略。师长江干流全长6300余千米,发源于青藏高原,流经青、藏、滇、川、渝、鄂、湘、赣、皖、苏、沪,奔入东海。水域辽阔,总面积达180万平方千米,流经我国半壁河山。水量汪洋壮阔,多年平均入海近10000亿立方米。流域内总人口、耕地各约占全国的35%,工农业总产值占全国的40%~50%,历来是中华民族繁衍的沃土。流域经过我国三大阶梯,流经青藏高原、横断山脉、四川盆地、云贵高原、长江中下游平原等地形区。流域内水系发达、众多,以亚热带季风气候为主,气候温暖湿润,降水量丰富,河流水量大,水能资源、森林资源、矿产资源丰富,长江干流自古以来就是我国东西航运的大动脉,沟通内地和沿海的广大地区,干支流通航里程约占全国内河航道总里程的2/3,形成了一个纵横广阔的水运网,被誉为“黄金水道”。
指导学生阅读图3.8,让同学们讨论山西省三类工业发展变化的情况。可以看出,采掘业占工业增加值的比重在1985~1995年间有所上升,但在1995~2000年下降,且下降速度很快。原料工业始终在增加,且有越来越快的趋势。加工工业1985~1995年间比重下降,到2000年几乎停滞不前。这说明山西省虽然实现了产业结构的升级,但还是限于初级加工阶段,工业发展水平还不高。山西省只是一个能源大省,并不是一个工业大省,更不是经济强省,山西省的改革还有很长的路要走。(参考资料)《急需调整产业结构的山西经济》(山西日报1999年11月25日)山西能源的综合利用是一个正在发展完善的过程,教学中教师可以结合目前存在的一些问题和困境展开讨论,引导学生深入探究。(例如屡屡发生的矿难,以及背后隐藏的“官煤勾结”问题,这些都是目前各种媒体关注的焦点,相关的新闻报道,教师在课前应该专门搜集一些,或者让有条件上网的学生自己去搜集,使得课堂教学更加贴近现实生活。)
二、典例解析例4. 用 10 000元购买某个理财产品一年.(1)若以月利率0.400%的复利计息,12个月能获得多少利息(精确到1元)?(2)若以季度复利计息,存4个季度,则当每季度利率为多少时,按季结算的利息不少于按月结算的利息(精确到10^(-5))?分析:复利是指把前一期的利息与本金之和算作本金,再计算下一期的利息.所以若原始本金为a元,每期的利率为r ,则从第一期开始,各期的本利和a , a(1+r),a(1+r)^2…构成等比数列.解:(1)设这笔钱存 n 个月以后的本利和组成一个数列{a_n },则{a_n }是等比数列,首项a_1=10^4 (1+0.400%),公比 q=1+0.400%,所以a_12=a_1 q^11 〖=10〗^4 (1+0.400%)^12≈10 490.7.所以,12个月后的利息为10 490.7-10^4≈491(元).解:(2)设季度利率为 r ,这笔钱存 n 个季度以后的本利和组成一个数列{b_n },则{b_n }也是一个等比数列,首项 b_1=10^4 (1+r),公比为1+r,于是 b_4=10^4 (1+r)^4.
二、典例解析例3.某公司购置了一台价值为220万元的设备,随着设备在使用过程中老化,其价值会逐年减少.经验表明,每经过一年其价值会减少d(d为正常数)万元.已知这台设备的使用年限为10年,超过10年 ,它的价值将低于购进价值的5%,设备将报废.请确定d的范围.分析:该设备使用n年后的价值构成数列{an},由题意可知,an=an-1-d (n≥2). 即:an-an-1=-d.所以{an}为公差为-d的等差数列.10年之内(含10年),该设备的价值不小于(220×5%=)11万元;10年后,该设备的价值需小于11万元.利用{an}的通项公式列不等式求解.解:设使用n年后,这台设备的价值为an万元,则可得数列{an}.由已知条件,得an=an-1-d(n≥2).所以数列{an}是一个公差为-d的等差数列.因为a1=220-d,所以an=220-d+(n-1)(-d)=220-nd. 由题意,得a10≥11,a11<11. 即:{█("220-10d≥11" @"220-11d<11" )┤解得19<d≤20.9所以,d的求值范围为19<d≤20.9
二、典例解析例10. 如图,正方形ABCD 的边长为5cm ,取正方形ABCD 各边的中点E,F,G,H, 作第2个正方形 EFGH,然后再取正方形EFGH各边的中点I,J,K,L,作第3个正方形IJKL ,依此方法一直继续下去. (1) 求从正方形ABCD 开始,连续10个正方形的面积之和;(2) 如果这个作图过程可以一直继续下去,那么所有这些正方形的面积之和将趋近于多少?分析:可以利用数列表示各正方形的面积,根据条件可知,这是一个等比数列。解:设正方形的面积为a_1,后续各正方形的面积依次为a_2, a_(3, ) 〖…,a〗_n,…,则a_1=25,由于第k+1个正方形的顶点分别是第k个正方形各边的中点,所以a_(k+1)=〖1/2 a〗_k,因此{a_n},是以25为首项,1/2为公比的等比数列.设{a_n}的前项和为S_n(1)S_10=(25×[1-(1/2)^10 ] )/("1 " -1/2)=50×[1-(1/2)^10 ]=25575/512所以,前10个正方形的面积之和为25575/512cm^2.(2)当无限增大时,无限趋近于所有正方形的面积和
课前小测1.思考辨析(1)若Sn为等差数列{an}的前n项和,则数列Snn也是等差数列.( )(2)若a1>0,d<0,则等差数列中所有正项之和最大.( )(3)在等差数列中,Sn是其前n项和,则有S2n-1=(2n-1)an.( )[答案] (1)√ (2)√ (3)√2.在项数为2n+1的等差数列中,所有奇数项的和为165,所有偶数项的和为150,则n等于( )A.9 B.10 C.11 D.12B [∵S奇S偶=n+1n,∴165150=n+1n.∴n=10.故选B项.]3.等差数列{an}中,S2=4,S4=9,则S6=________.15 [由S2,S4-S2,S6-S4成等差数列得2(S4-S2)=S2+(S6-S4)解得S6=15.]4.已知数列{an}的通项公式是an=2n-48,则Sn取得最小值时,n为________.23或24 [由an≤0即2n-48≤0得n≤24.∴所有负项的和最小,即n=23或24.]二、典例解析例8.某校新建一个报告厅,要求容纳800个座位,报告厅共有20排座位,从第2排起后一排都比前一排多两个座位. 问第1排应安排多少个座位?分析:将第1排到第20排的座位数依次排成一列,构成数列{an} ,设数列{an} 的前n项和为S_n。
课前活动:分成四组,对南京三个住房地段进行调查,新街口夫子庙、板仓、仙林,对住房居民进行问卷调查,自行设计调查问卷,分析该地段的房价要求,居民的要求,居民为何要在该地段购买住房,基础设施设置等等其它与居民购房有关的因素。◆设计意图:利用课前小组探究形式对所学问题进行相关调查,不仅让学生掌握知识了解知识来源于社会还能培养学生深入生活交际表达能力以及合作探究能力;3.问题设计同学们,不知道你们在调查过程中是否发现一个问题,郊区的房子,特别是别墅,都是些高档居所,许多有钱人的居住场所,那为什么会这样呢?伴随着城市化进程中居民都往城里挤,为什么还会有许多有钱人往郊区搬呢?这就是我们今天要研究的第二个问题:逆城市化。◆设计意图:承转过渡知识,从购房选择因素的学习过渡到郊区化的学习,同时培养学生发现问题的能力,给学生以启迪。
1.导入新课:用触目精心的一首MTV《EARTHSONG》导入新课,引出人类已经面临严峻的人口、资源与环境的危机。而中国是世界上人口最庞大的国家,人口、资源与环境问题更加严重。既然我们知道了可持续发展的概况,了解了它的发展过程,从上节课内容的分析中,也理解了作为人类的发展,可持续是唯一的选择,也是我们所追求的目标,那么,具体到我们国家、我们周围的生产、生活情况又该如何呢?2.新课讲授:首先,通过三则补充材料的案例和课本上的内容分别说明庞大的人口压力,资源短缺和不合理利用,深刻的环境危机方面的问题,得出走可持续发展之路是我国的必然的唯一的选择。接着通过《中国21世纪议程》——中国21世纪人口环境与发展的白皮书的过渡引出实施可持续发展的途径。在这部分内容的讲解上,主要通过其中一种主要途径-循环经济的讲解,特别是对清洁生产和生态农业的具体分析,总结出中国走可持续发展之路事在必行,行必有果。再通过完成课本上最后一个活动题对本节内容进行深化。
(1)问题串设计:①选材:选择什么细胞做材料?②为什么选择哺乳动物成熟的红细胞做实验材料?(在教师的指导下讨论分析)③怎样才能获得细胞膜?(教师讲授)(2)指导学生观看多媒体播放教参CD中的这个实验,同时教师加以讲解(3)学生分组实验(4)总结实验并加以评价设计意图:体会实验材料的正确选择对于科学研究的重要性,提高学生科学研究素养。学生在已有知识的基础上思考,尝试找出实验的原理,实现亲身体验、自主思考的的过程,这样加深学生的印象。培养学生拓展迁移的能力,使学生认识先进的生物学研究仪器。环节3.细胞膜的功能(1)学生自主学习并归纳总结:P42(2)展示图片加强理解:图片(3)讨论:联系生活实际,列举现实生活中有什么东西与细胞膜的功能相近?设计意图:提高学生自主学习的能力;注重与现实生活的联系,引导学生利用类比的方法解决问题,便于学生理解和掌握。环节4. 植物细胞的细胞壁
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