The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
1、变换角度,多向思维(多向思维要求思维能针对问题,从不同角度,用多种方法去思考问题。对于作文而言,就是要使学生学会对同一问题,同一素材,同一题目,同一体裁的不同进行区分。)请学生从这则材料中分析出几个角度,准备课堂交流:19世纪法国著名科幻小说家儒勒?凡尔纳,一生写了104部科幻小说。当初他的第一部科幻小说《气球上的星期五》接连被15家出版社退回。他当时既痛苦又气愤,打算将稿子付之一炬。他妻子夺过书稿,给他以鼓励。于是他尝试着走进第16家出版社。经理赫哲尔阅读后,当即表示同意出版,还与儒勒?凡尔纳签订了为期20年的写作出版合同。这则材料叙述时没有一定的中心,属于开发性材料,分析材料中人物、人物关系、故事的不同侧面,可以从不同角度得出结论:
战国阴阳五行家邹衍认为,历史中的朝代更替是由于五德运行产生的影响。按照邹衍的学说,每个朝代必须与五德之一相连,因此,这个朝代就应当遵循这五德之一的要求来运转。董仲舒修改了这个理论,认为朝代的更替不是依循五德运行的顺序,而是依循“三统”,即黑统、白统、赤统的顺序。他在《三代改制质文》中说:每个朝代都依循一统,每统又各有其为政的系统。按董仲舒的说法,夏朝代表黑统,商朝代表白统;周朝则是赤统。夏、商、周三朝完成了这一历史循环。之后,历史又开始一次新的循环,新的朝代又应当代表黑统。继承周朝统治的既不是秦朝,也不是汉朝,而是孔子,他承受天命,创立了黑统。孔子所受天命,不是一种“法统”,而是一种“道统”。董仲舒说:“《春秋》大一统者,天地之常经,古今之通谊也。今师异道,人异论,百家殊方,指意不同,是以上亡以持一统;法制数变,下不知所守。臣愚以为诸不在六艺之科孔子之术者,皆绝其道,勿使并进。邪辟之说灭息,然后统纪可一而法度可明,民知所从矣。”
设问:你怎么看待这个问题的?(这是达尔文没有想到的,是有人利用了达尔文的学说,科学应该与其区分开来,但是科学家在研究时,既要做到为追求真理不断探索,又要有一定的人文精神,比如我们只有以人为本,才能找到解决当今社会面临的诸如环保、战争、饥荒等问题的途径,才能构建防止核物理技术、克隆技术、信息技术、生物技术、太空技术等可能对人类造成不可逆转的破坏作用的思想基础、决策机制和社会条件。更重要的是社会和国家应该对此有足够的认识,正因为此,所以现在当一项科学发明出台后,就会有一些法律出台,限制其可能的非人道用途。但是这些影响应不成为我们进行科学探究的阻碍。)(3)科学与宗教的斗争设计意图:再次引导学生认识,科学的探索永无止境,同时也再次认识宗教和科学理论产生的原因。材料1:1972年,美国加利福尼亚教育部竟明文规定,中学生物学课本除进化论外,必须还有神创论的内容,而且两者的页数要各占一半。
六、学习效果评价设计1、评价方式:我对学习效果的评价,来自两个方面。一是教师的教授是否认真、严肃、科学;二是学生的学习成果如何,是否达成了事先预设的教学目标,是否在学习过程中有提高的过程。评价的方式有:同伴评价;教师自我评价和反思;学生反馈。2、评价量规:我设置了几个问题用于课后的教学评价:(1)教学目标是否符合课标要求,是否符合三贴近原则,是否体现学生学习效果的生成性和过程性。(2)学习所用资源是否来自生活实际,是否真实,是否是学生感兴趣的问题。(3)教师在课堂教学过程中是否能有效的通过提问和资料的展示分析,引导学生自己生成思考过程,而不是“教师代替学生的思考”。(4)学生参与的广度和态度,学生是否提出有意义的观点和问题。学生的回答是否是实话。
教学目的:通过学生课前收集资料、课堂展示、小组讨论及教师总结和讲解等形式,明确文化竞争力在国际竞争中的地位,感受各国各国日益激烈的文化竞争力,探讨如何提升中国特色社会主义文化的竞争力,培养学生的分析解决问题的能力,增强责任意识、科技意识和成才意识。教学时间:1小时课前准备:(1)学生分组收集美国、日本、英国等国家文化产业的发展状况和中国文化走向世界的资料,并要求制成简单的课件。(2)分组讨论课本P23—25的三个探究问题(①运用这些资料,从物质和精神两个方面,说明发展文化有什么意义。②你还能从社会生活的哪些现象中感受到一个国家的文化竞争力?③今天,中国文化为什么能够在世界各地赢得尊重与喝彩?),组长整理好讨论结果。
1.在激烈的国际竞争中,美国为首“巴统”在对中国出口高科技产品的问题上采取了种种限制措施,以避免西方发达国家的高科技技术和设备流人中国。面对发达国家的技术封锁,我们应该( )A.加速我国对外开放的步伐B.尽快改善与西方发达国家的关系C.努力提高自身的科技水平,增强本国的综合国力D.立足于自力更生,努力开发所有的高科技技术,以免受制于人答案:C解析:在当今和未来的世界,经济是基础,科技是龙头。因而,发展经济和科学技术是世界大多数国家最关心的问题。各国之间的竞争越来越多地转向经济和科技领域。各国都已经清楚地认识到,能否在科技发展上取得优势,增强以经;济和科技为基础的综合国力,最终将决定本国在国际上的地位。受各种主客观条件的限制,任何国家都不可能开发出自己所需要的所有技术,国家之间必须加强技术交流,互通有无,共同发展。“巴统”对我国进行技术出口方面的限制是基于其敌视中国的战略需要。为了打破西方国家的对我国的技术限制,我国必须从自身出发,提高自身的科技水平。
4、主旨 哪一联明确地点明全诗题旨?表达了作者的什么感情?试做分析 颈联。 菊花开在秋天,所以这 “ 丛菊 ” 回应了诗题中那个 “ 秋 ” 字。 “ 他日 ” 可以指过去也可以指未来,在这里是指过去。“丛菊两开”,指诗人于 765 年离开成都,原打算很快出峡,但这年留居云安,次年又留居夔州,见到丛菊开了两次,还未出峡,故对菊掉泪。秋菊两度盛开,使诗人再次洒下往日流过的眼泪。“开”字双关,一谓菊花开,又言泪眼随之开。此时他仍然滞留在他乡,他始终没有放弃回乡的打算。孤舟可以系住,使其不能泛诸中流,但诗人的心是系不住的。他的心早已越过江河,越过关山,飞到了长安。所以,一叶靠岸系绳的孤舟,始终都牵动着诗人的故园之思。这一联是全篇诗意所在。孤舟本来只能系住自己的行踪,却把诗人的思乡之心也牢牢地系住了,故见舟伤心,引出故园之思,表现出思乡之情的深沉浓烈和欲归不得的无奈与凄伤,为文章的主旨句。
论证方法之引证法如何用好引证法:1.所引用的名言警句等针对性要强。每句名言都产生于特定的背景,都应用于特定的交际目的,即使谈同一个问题,也有不少名言可供选取。2.要简洁,不宜过多。议论是在发表自己的见解而不是在介绍他人的见解。引用他人的话,目的是为了让读者更加信服自己的话。3.要注意直接引用和间接引用的区别。直接引用务求文字、甚至标点均准确无误;间接引用只须述其大意,但要注意人称的转换。论证方法之喻证法喻证法是用设喻来论证论点的方法。在议论文中,设喻可以使论点更易懂、更风趣、更容易获得读者的认同。喻证法能化抽象为具体、化艰深为浅显、化枯燥为生动。论证方法之喻证法如何用好喻证法:1.以小见大,就近取譬。要精选生活中细小的、人们熟悉的事物做为设喻的喻体。2.喻体不求形似,只求神似。做为喻证的喻体与做为比喻的喻体不同。比喻的喻体是为了强调特征,描绘事物,侧重形似,以形比形;而喻证的喻体是为了阐发观点,以正视听,力求神似,以义取形。
教学目标:1、了解文学作品解读的个性化及其原因。2、探讨个性化解读遵循的基本原则,合理解读文学作品。教学重点:引导学生关注文学现象,培养他们对文学作品理解的多重思维能力。教学难点:把握个性化的度。避免偏激的理解、过度的张扬所谓个性,严重歪曲文学作品。教学方法:导读、计论、合作探究。教学时间:一课时教学过程:一、创设情境、揭题导入:记得有这样一个故事:一个小孩在四岁就能背《登鹳雀楼》,可平时只有在大人的要求下,他才背出来。直到六岁的某一天,他父母带他去旅游,在他登陆上山顶时,竟然随口背出:“欲穷千里目,更上一层楼”来。这说明了什么?……(讨论)文学作品解读的个性化。二、探讨个性化解读的原因1、读者的差异导致解读的个性化A、同一作品,阅读的时间不同,解读不同。如上面的例子。如《从百草园到三味书屋》和《风筝》主题的多元化理解。“温故知新”,名作重读,不但有趣,而且有益。B、同一作品,不同读者,解读不同。
评价分析法,就是引述事例后,对所引述的事例作适当的评价,从而使自己的观点得到印证。例如,在论“节俭”时,引用了“曾国藩以俭戒子,其子曾纪泽终成出色的外交家;方志敏居官不贪,一生清贫,千古留名”的事实后,接着进行分析:是的,“俭者心常富”,节俭能培养人同困难作斗争的勇气和意志,而这正是一个人立业最重要的素质。从这个意义上说,有人说饥饿是人生的佐料,吃苦是一种资本也不无道理,而自觉和戒奢尚俭则更是促人修身养性,磨炼意志的有效途径。这里,作者紧扣论点,对论据进行了评价性分析,这种评价分析使作者的观点得到强化。(四)因果分析法因果分析法,就是抓住论据所述的事实,并据此推求形成原因的一种分析方法。事出必有其因。我们可以依据事物发展变化的因果关系,由事物发展变化的结果,推导出产生这种结果的原因,从而揭示出一定的生活规律,使事例有力地证明观点。
1. 表示时间。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示让步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非谓语动词作状语时, 如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致, 动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语, 通常由名词或代词来担任, 这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
1. 这个寓言是一个关于一位国王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用这个故事让读者对于社区的问题负有个人责任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 这个故事十分成功的实现了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
[设计意图:心理学研究表明低年级学生注意力集中时间较短,兴趣容易转移,针对这一特点,出示学生情有独钟的小动物,增加情趣性,充分激发学生的兴趣,形成探究的欲望。这种疑惑,正蕴含着不解、猜度以及思维的发动;这惊奇,则蕴含着求索、发现以及对思维的刺激。至于哪种积极的探究欲望,可使学生获得想象力和猜度的乐趣,维系发现和创造的信心。通过讲讲练练,既抓住了重点,又突破了难点。]4、回忆总结,系统建构请学生回答做连加时该提醒小朋友注意什么?最后师生共同小结。[设计意图:培养了学生口头表达能力,便于教师及时掌握情况,收取反馈信息,加深理解。促进学生的思维由具体形象逐步向抽象的逻辑思维过渡。](三)巩固强化,拓展思维1、基本题:(1)集体练习,摆一摆再填数,通过操作学具,巩固连加知识。(2)看图列连加算式计算。