(二)机遇难得。一是发展后劲持续增强。市委、市政府对水务集团发展更加关注,在新建污水处理厂、全市排水资源整合等方面给予大力支持,集团的发展潜力不断增强,发展前景更加广阔。二是发展空间持续拓宽。集团紧扣“**”发展目标,逐步搭建政企、企企、银企、校企、研企“五大合作平台”,联手开发土地、房产、技术项目等存量资源,找准了发展新路径。三是发展优势持续叠加。经过多年发展,集团经济逆势增长,综合实力和价值创造能力不断提升,目前正在排水中水、文旅开发、水质检测、数字服务等产业加速布局,推进全面起势,集团发展支撑更加有力,发展优势更加彰显。三、下半年工作安排下半年,集团继续锚定“**”发展战略目标,以“供排一体、双轮驱动”为引领,加快构建多业并举、多点支撑、多元发展产业体系,增强自我造血机能。
为全面总结2024年上半年全市科技工作,部署下半年工作,现将有关事项通知如下:一、材料内容(一)主要成绩及经验做法。包括工作完成情况、主要成绩、工作亮点,相关数据可预测到6月底。(二)存在问题。对照职责和目标任务完成情况深入查找。(三)下步工作。有创造性地提出下半年工作举措。二、报送时间和方式请于2024年6月30日前,将总结材料电子版报市科技局办公室邮箱:XX。联系电话:XX 三、有关要求一要高度重视。相关材料需呈主管领导审阅签字后,按时报送局办公室。二要实事求是。工作总结要真实反映成绩,找准查实存在问题,工作计划要具有可行性和可操作性。三要有创新性。材料内容要提高站位,总结条理清晰、言简意赅、数据详实;谋划要聚焦重点工作、创新工作,做到有思路、有举措、有抓手。
(二)机遇难得。一是发展后劲持续增强。市委、市政府对水务集团发展更加关注,在新建污水处理厂、全市排水资源整合等方面给予大力支持,集团的发展潜力不断增强,发展前景更加广阔。二是发展空间持续拓宽。集团紧扣“**”发展目标,逐步搭建政企、企企、银企、校企、研企“五大合作平台”,联手开发土地、房产、技术项目等存量资源,找准了发展新路径。三是发展优势持续叠加。经过多年发展,集团经济逆势增长,综合实力和价值创造能力不断提升,目前正在排水中水、文旅开发、水质检测、数字服务等产业加速布局,推进全面起势,集团发展支撑更加有力,发展优势更加彰显。三、下半年工作安排下半年,集团继续锚定“**”发展战略目标,以“供排一体、双轮驱动”为引领,加快构建多业并举、多点支撑、多元发展产业体系,增强自我造血机能。
(二)完善基础设施,建设优美宜居村镇。积极争取资金投入,尽快建设实施连心桥及周边附属设施;力争在年底前完成XX镇综合服务运输站建设。继续保持专班不散,积极配合镇广高速的后续建设,全力做好纠纷协调、矛盾化解,确保镇广高速建设平安有序。持续抓好农村公路升级改造,多方筹措资金,尽快完成因汛期降雨、滑坡、沉降损毁的37处700米道路修复。灵活利用91个公益性岗位,进一步加大村级公路及重点路段的道路养护工作力度,推进镇村道路绿化、美化、亮化工作。(三)加强生态治理,践行绿色生态理念。牢固树立和践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念,强化镇、村环境卫生检查督办和考核力度。强力推进大气污染防治,强化建筑扬尘和渣土运输管控,抓好秸秆禁烧、水环境治理等工作,持续改善和提升空气质量。认真落实耕地保护和环境保护制度。落实控绿、造绿、植绿、护绿行动,统筹推进乡村绿化美化、退耕还林等工程建设,实现全镇宜林地、通道绿化地、村庄绿化地等应绿尽绿,积极申报巴中市级生态文明村,力争创成生态乡镇。
一、说教材 1.教材内容:九年义务教育六年制小学语文第十一册第八组第二十五课《学弈》。 2.教材简析:《学弈》这篇文言文选自《孟子·告子》,通过弈秋教两个人学下围棋的事,说明了做事必须专心致志,决不可三心二意的道理。文章先说弈秋是全国最擅长下围棋的人,然后讲弈秋同时教两个学习态度不同的人下围棋,学习效果截然不同,最后指出这两个人学习结果不同,并不是在智力上有多大差异。文言文是古代文明传承的媒介,虽与现代文在用词造句、朗读上有很大差别,但两者却有着千丝万缕、不可分割的内在联系
2.比较物体的高度和影长时,要在同一( )、同一( )进行。3.在同一时间、同一地点,物体的高度和影长成( )比例。4.同样高度的物体在不同时间、不同地点测出的影长是会( )的。 5、李明在操场上插上几根长短不同的的竹竿,在同一时间里测量这几根竹竿的长和相应的影长情况如下表: 竹竿长/米11.21.8245影长/米0.50.60.9122.5比值 (1)算出竹竿和影长的比值,并填在表格中。 (2)通过测量和计算,你发现了什么? (3)这时李明测出旗杆的影长是5米,你能求出旗杆的实际高度是多少米? (4)这时王刚测出一棵松树的影长是2.4米,你能算出这棵松树的实际高度吗? 6、为了测量出学校旗杆的高度,同学们找来了一根长8分米的木棍立在旗杆旁,发现木棍的影长是6分米,同时又发现旗杆的影长是7.5米,你能求出旗杆的高度吗? 7.在同一时刻,小璐测得她的影长为1米,距她不远处的一棵槐树的影长为5米。已知小璐的身高为1.3米,这棵槐树的有多高。
2.过程与方法 培养学生的应用意识和实践能力,使学生感受数学在生活中的作用。3.情感态度与价值观结合实际对学生进行思想品德教育,鼓励学生节约用钱,支援贫困地区的失学儿童。 【教学重点】 理解本金、利率和利息的含义正确地计算利息。 【教学难点】 正确地计算利息。【教学方法】启发式教学、自主探索、合作交流、讨论法、讲解法。【课前准备】 多媒体课件【课时安排】 1课时【教学过程】(一)复习导入 1. 师:同学们,你们到银行存钱或取过钱吗?(课件第2张)人们为什么要把钱存入银行呢?生1:人们常常把暂时不用的钱存入银行储蓄起来。(课件第3张)生2:储蓄不仅可以支援国家建设,也使得个人钱财更安全,还可以增加一些收入。2.师:这节课我们就走进银行,来来学习“利率”的知识。(板书课题:利率)
(一)复习导入 1. 师:同学们,上节课我们学习了折扣,你会做下面的题吗?(课件第2张)(1)五五折表示十分之(五点五),也就是(55)%。 (2)一件商品打九八折出售,就是按原价的(98%)出售。(3)一件上衣原价75元,现在打八折售出,现在买这件上衣需要(60)元。(4)现价=(原价)×(折扣)2.师:生活中的百分数还有很多,比如说“成数”。例如:今年我省油菜籽比去年增产二成。这节课我们就来学习“成数”。(板书课题:成数)(课件第3张)【设计意图】 “折扣”与“成数”虽然运用不一样,但解决方法大致相同,复习不仅可以起到巩固作用,也能让学生对新知的解决有一些铺垫。(二)探究新知 1、探究成数的含义以及成数和百分数的关系。(课件第4张)(1)农业收成,经常用成数来表示。你知道什么是成数吗? 生1:成数表示一个数是另一个数的十分之几,通称“几成”。“一成”就是十分之一,改写成百分数是10%。(2)填一填。(课件第5张)“二成”就是(十分之二),改写成百分数是(20%);“三成五”就是(十分之三点五),改写成百分数是(35%)。“四成三”就是(十分之四点三),改写成百分数是(43%);“六成五”就是(十分之六点五),改写成百分数是(65%)。(3)把下面的成数改写成百分数。 (课件第6张)三成=(30)% 四成六=(46)% 九成九=(99)% 二成五=(25)% 一成二=(12)% 七成三=(73)%
(一)观图激趣、设疑导入 1、(PPT课件出示复习题)2、引导学生复习比例尺是图上距离与实际距离的比,并进行相应的计算。生1:一幅图的图上距离和实际距离的比,叫做这幅图的比例尺。生2:图上距离∶实际距离=比例尺或=比例尺。(PPT课件出示问题)在一幅地图上量得A地点到B地点的图上距离是5 cm,已知这幅地图的比例尺是1∶4000000,那么A地点到B地点的实际距离是多少千米?师:在这里已知的条件有哪些?生1:知道两地的图上距离是5 cm。生2:知道比例尺是1∶4000000。师:要解决的问题是什么?生:计算两地的实际距离是多少千米。师:这节课我们就接着来学习比例尺的应用,学习如何利用比例尺来解决实际问题,也就是已知比例尺和图上距离,求实际距离。(板书课题)【设计意图】通过把复习题中的习题变换已知和未知条件来变成本节课要解决的问题,使学生产生浓厚的兴趣,并且,也有助于培养学生举一反三、触类旁通的能力,使学生认识到数学知识的灵活性。(二)探究新知探究学习例2,已知比例尺和图上距离,求实际距离。1、PPT课件出示P54例3。下面是北京轨道交通路线示意图。地铁1号线从苹果园站至四惠东站在图中的长度大约是7.8 cm,从苹果园站至四惠东站的实际长度大约是多少千米?2、引导学生分析探究:师:从例题中可以知道哪些已知条件?生:可以知道两站的图上距离大约是7.8cm。师:这是从题目中直接读出来的,那么从所给的图中还能观察到什么条件呢?生:可以知道比例尺是1∶400000。布置学生小组讨论怎么样解决问题。学生以小组为单位进行合作学习,教师进行指导。3、汇报学习成果,师生共同探究:师:你们是怎么解答的?生1:通过列方程来解答的。生2:根据题意,可以先设实际长度为x cm,再根据“图上距离∶实际距离=比例尺”,列方程解答。师:解答时要注意什么?生1:要求实际距离是多少千米,但已知的图上距离是多少厘米,可以先设实际距离为x cm,算出实际距离的厘米数后,再化成千米数。生2:根据“图上距离∶实际距离=比例尺”,可以用解比例的方法求出实际距离。4、完成解答:(板书解题过程)图上距离:实际距离=比例尺解:设从苹果园站到四惠东站的实际长度是x cm。=x=7.8×400000x=31200003120000 cm=31.2 km答:从苹果园站到四惠东站的实际长度大约是31.2 km。5、拓展延伸:师:我们除了用方程解答之外,还可以用什么方法解答?生:可以用算术方法解答。师:可以怎样来分析呢?生:在“图上距离∶实际距离=比例尺”中,实际距离既可看成分数的分母,又可看成除法中的除数,所以可得出实际距离=图上距离÷比例尺。师:我们来共同完成解答:(板书过程)图上距离:比例尺=实际距离7.8÷=3120000(cm)3120000 cm=31.2 km答:从苹果园站到四惠东站的实际长度大约是31.2 km。6、牛刀小试。(1)师:我们一起来做两个练习题,看我们对新知识的掌握程度如何。(PPT课件出示)①教材P54做一做。先把教材P54做一做的图中的线段比例尺改写成数值比例尺,再用直尺量出图中河西村与汽车站之间的距离是多少厘米,并计算出两地的实际距离大约是多少。
(一)观图激趣、设疑导入 出示课件的第一张幻灯片。1、谈话导入(PPT课件出示脑筋急转弯)。师:同学们,老师这里有一个脑筋急转弯,一起来猜一猜把!生1:因为蚂蚁是在地图上爬过去的。2、揭示课题。师:同学们可真聪明!是的,地图上的距离是按一定的比把实际的距离缩小了画在图纸上的。今天我们就来研究这个问题:比例尺。(板书课题)【设计意图】运用学生熟悉的现象导入,给学生带来的是愉快的心情和积极的学习态度,顺其自然进入学习状态,达到导入的目的。(二)探究新知教学比例尺的意义及种类,理解比例尺的含义以及关系式。1、阅读教材第53页关于比例尺的内容。师:阅读教材后,汇报你知道了哪些关于比例尺的知识。生1:通过阅读我知道:一幅图的图上距离和实际距离的比,叫做这幅图的比例尺。图上距离∶实际距离=比例尺。(板书比例尺的意义)=比例尺生2:比例尺是绘图时用的,它是把实际距离按一定的比缩小或扩大,再画在图纸上。生3:教材介绍说,地图上的比例尺有1∶100000000,这是数值比例尺,它也可以写成这种形式,也叫数值比例尺。(板书)生4:老师,我看见这样表示比例尺的: 师:这叫线段比例尺。 它表示的是:图上1厘米的距离相当于地面上50 km的实际距离。(板书)生5:我会把上面的线段比例尺改成数值比例尺。图上距离∶实际距离。=1 cm∶50 km=1 cm∶5000000 cm(单位要相同)=1∶5000000(板书过程)生6:比例尺1∶5000000表示图上距离是实际距离的。实际距离是图上距离的5000000倍。
(一)复习导入 1. 师:同学们,你们经常去超市吧?超市里有时候会有打折的活动,你知道什么是打折吗?(课件第2张)生:商店有时降价销售商品,叫做打折扣销售,俗称“打折”。2.你知道打折的含义吗?几折就表示十分之几,也就是百分之几十。比如打七折,就是按照原价的十分之七出售,也就是按原价的70%出售。这节课我们就来学习有关折扣的知识。(课件第3张)【设计意图】联系学生的生活实际引入课题,引起学生学习兴趣,使学生体会到生活中处处有数学。(二)探究新知 1、探究折扣的含义,计算打折后的价钱。(课件第3张)(1)星期天,小雨和爸爸来到商场买东西,正好赶上打折活动。小雨问爸爸:什么叫做“八五折”?你能回答小雨的问题吗?生1:“八五折”就是按原价的85%出售。你知道“九折”是多少吗?生2:“九折”就是按原价的90%出售。(2)爸爸给小雨买了一辆自行车,原价180元,现在商店打八五折出售。买这辆车用了多少钱?你会列式吗?(课件第4张)小组合作:你是怎样想的?说说你的思考过程。(课件第5张)(3)汇报交流:生1:把原价看做单位“1”,打八五折就是按原价的85%出售。(课件第6张)生2:现价=原价×折扣,求现价,做乘法。生3:180×85%=153(元)答:买这辆车用了153元。2、探究计算打折后便宜了多少钱的方法。爸爸买了一个随身听,原价160元,现在只花了九折的钱,比原价便宜了多少元?(课件第7张)(1)小组讨论:先求什么?再求什么?说说你的思考过程。生1:我先求现价是多少,再求比原价便宜了多少元。(课件第8张)列式为:160×90%=144(元)160-144=16(元)答:比原价便宜了16元。生2:我先求现价比原价便宜了百分之几,再求比原价便宜了多少元。(课件第9张)列式为:160×(1-90%)=160×10%=16(元)
二、在教育教学上,敬业爱岗,严谨治教 把学生教好,让学生成功,是每位教师最大的心愿、最高的荣誉。作为一名校本课程教师,最紧迫的问题是具有新的教学理念,刻苦钻研如何把花木文化与校本课程到达有机的融合,从而显现出我校的校本特色。在备课中,力图体现校本课程的综合性、开放性、实践性、体验性,把语文、数学、科学、美术课、音乐等整合进校本课程,围绕“花木文化提高学生的综合素质”这教学目标,有的课堂让学生观察写话,品析优美的文章,有的课堂让学生想象绘画,有的课堂让学生歌唱,欣赏名曲。在低年级尝试让学生经过观察、调查等开展探究性学习。此刻对于课程改革环境下的教师,光有一桶水是不够的,要根据学校与地方的实际,拓展学生学习资源。我注重研究现代教育技术在课堂教学中的应用,经过把本地的花木文化资源与网络资源相结合,进行教学资源的重组,尽量使课堂教学效果优化。所以孩子们还是比较喜欢上校本课的。
当孩子们由父母陪同时,他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3.过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时,相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看,整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟,我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动,她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来,但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时,可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟着两个学生,老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2.动词ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动词ing②名词所有格+动词ing③代词宾格+动词ing④名词+动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我没能按时来。His father's being ill made him worried.他父亲病了,他很担心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
首先是纬度。越往北桃花开得越迟,候鸟也来得越晚。值得指出的是物候现象南北差异的日数因季节的差别而不同。我国大陆性气候显著,冬冷夏热。冬季南北温度悬殊,夏季却相差不大。在春天,早春跟晚春也不相同。如在早春三四月间,南京桃花要比北京早开20天,但是到晚春五月初,南京刺槐开花只比北京早10天。所以在华北常感觉到春季短促,冬天结束,夏天就到了。
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