课程课题随机事件和概率授课教师李丹丹学时数2授课班级 授课时间 教学地点 背景分析正确使用两个基本原理的前提是要学生清楚两个基本原理使用的条件;分类用加法原理,分步用乘法原理,单纯这点学生是容易理解的,问题在于怎样合理地进行分类和分步教学中给出的练习均在课本例题的基础上稍加改动过的,目的就在于帮助学生对这一知识的理解与应用 学习目标 设 定知识目标能力(技能)目标态度与情感目标1、理解随机试验、随机事件、必然事件、不可能事件等概念 2、理解基本事件空间、基本事件的概念,会用集合表示基本事件空间和事件 1 会用随机试验、随机事件、必然事件、不可能事件等概念 2 会用基本事件空间、基本事件的概念,会用集合表示基本事件空间和事件 3、掌握事件的基本关系与运算 了解学习本章的意义,激发学生的兴趣. 学习任务 描 述 任务一,随机试验、随机事件、必然事件、不可能事件等概念 任务二,理解基本事件空间、基本事件的概念,会用集合表示基本事件空间和事件
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2.动词ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动词ing②名词所有格+动词ing③代词宾格+动词ing④名词+动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我没能按时来。His father's being ill made him worried.他父亲病了,他很担心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.报纸报道说有一百多人在暴风雨中丧生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,以及by、before后面接过去的时间时,主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10岁前就已经被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生产了好几吨大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引导的定语从句中,主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去事实相反,且主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一点得到他的指示,我早就完成这项任务了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快点的话,我就不会误了火车。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚会,你就会见到他的。
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
教学内容:教科书91页。教学目标:1、使学生通过观察、实验、猜测、推理等活动发现数字简单的排列规律。2、培养学生初步的观察、推理能力。3、培养学生发现和欣赏数学美的意识。教学重点:通过探索自己发现规律教学难点:会用“规律”解决一些实际问题,并激发学生的创造思维。教学过程:一、揭题:小朋友们,上节课我们不仅探索了有关图形的规律,而且还探索了有关数字的规律,这节课我们继续来学习。二、探索新知:1、学习例7。(1)小组合作学习例7,你们能发现什么规律?(2)学生小组活动。(3)汇报交流:第1组都是加1,第2组都是加2,第三组也是加2。2、学习例8。(1)小组合作学习例7,你们能发现什么规律?(2)学生小组活动。(3)汇报交流:第1组都是加5,第2组都是加3。三、完成做一做。四、学生创造性地思考其他有规律的数字排列。五、总结:通过这节课的学习,你有什么收获?作业布置:
刚才大家只用了几个简单的图形就摆出了这么多不同的的规律,可见数学真奇妙!认真观察这些作品,他们贴得都有规律吗?谁有问题想问大家?生可能问:看到这些规律,你有什么想说的吗?谁能看出黑板上摆的第一条规律?第三条继续摆,下一个是什么图形?最后一条该怎么分组,规律就看得特别清楚了?这些规律有什么相同和不同的地方?……师生共同总结出: 今天我们研究的规律都是有关图形的规律;摆放的图形的颜色、方向、形状以及个数的变化都可出现一些有趣的规律。聪明的设计师都习惯运用规律来布置我们周围的环境,我们也可以应用规律来美化我们的生活。六、反思拓展,总结全课师:这节课快上完了,评价一下自己吧.这节课你快乐吗?你会了吗?有没有遗憾?生活中有了规律就有了美,希望同学们课后继续去发现美,创造美,让我们的生活更加多姿多彩!
学习目标:1、知识与技能(1)会用字母、运算符号表示简单问题的规律,并能验证所探索的规律。(2)能综合所学知识解决实际问题和数学问题,发展学生应用数学的意识,培养学生的实践能力和创新意识。2、过程与方法(1)经历探索数量关系,运用符号表示规律,通过验算验证规律的过程。(2)在解决问题的过程中体验归纳、分析、猜想、抽象还有类比、转化等思维方法,发展学生抽象思维能力,培养学生良好的思维品质。3、情感、态度与价值观通过对实际问题中规律的探索,体验“从特殊到一般、再到特殊”的辩证思想,激发学生的探究热情和对数学的学习热情。学习重点:探索实际问题中蕴涵的关系和规律。学习难点:用字母、运算符号表示一般规律。学习过程:一、创景引入活动:出示一张月历,学生任意选出3×3方格框出的9个数,并计算出这9个数的和,告诉老师,老师就可以说出你所选的是哪9个数。
(1)依照此规律,第20个图形共有几个五角星?(2)摆成第n个图形需要几个五角星?(3)摆成第2015个图形需要几个五角星?解析:通过观察已知图形可得:每个图形都比其前一个图形多3个五角星,根据此规律即可解答.解:(1)根据题意得,第1个图中,五角星有3个(3×1);第2个图中,五角星有6个(3×2);第3个图中,五角星有9个(3×3);第4个图中,五角星有12个(3×4);∴第n个图中有五角星3n个.∴第20个图中五角星有3×20=60个.(2)摆成第n个图形需要五角星3n个.(3)摆成第2015个图形需要6045个五角星.方法总结:此题首先要结合图形具体数出几个值,注意由特殊到一般的分析方法.此题的规律为摆成第n个图形需要3n个五角星.三、板书设计教学过程中,强调学生自主探索和合作交流,经历观察、操作、验证、归纳、分析、猜想、抽象、积累、类比、转化等思维过程,从中获得数学知识与技能,体验教学活动的方法,同时升华学生的情感态度和价值观.
教 学 过 程教师 行为学生 行为教学 意图时间 *揭示课题 10.3总体、样本与抽样方法(二) *创设情境 兴趣导入 【问题】 用样本估计总体时,样本抽取得是否恰当,直接关系到总体特性估计的准确程度.那么,应该如何抽取样本呢? 介绍 质疑 了解 思考 启发 学生思考 0 5*动脑思考 探索新知 【新知识】 下面介绍几种常用的抽样方法. 1.简单随机抽样 从一批苹果中选取10个,每个苹果被选中的可能性一般是不相等的,放在上面的苹果更容易被选中.实际过程又不允许将整箱苹果倒出来,搅拌均匀.因此,10个苹果做样本的代表意义就会打折扣. 我们采用抽签的方法,将苹果按照某种顺序(比如箱、层、行、列顺序)编号,写在小纸片上.将小纸片揉成小团,放到一个不透明的袋子中,充分搅拌后,再从中逐个抽出10个小纸团.最后根据编号找到苹果. 这种抽样叫做简单随机抽样. 简单随机抽样必须保证总体的每个个体被抽到的机会是相同的.也就是说,简单随机抽样是等概率抽样. 抽签法(俗称抓阄法)是最常用的简单随机抽样方法.其主要步骤为 (1)编号做签:将总体中的N个个体编上号,并把号码写到签上; (2)抽签得样本:将做好的签放到容器中,搅拌均匀后,从中逐个抽出n个签,得到一个容量为n的样本. 当总体中所含的个体较少时,通常采用简单随机抽样.例如,从某班抽取10位同学去参加义务劳动,就可采用抽签的方法来抽取样本. 当总体中的个体较多时,“搅拌均匀”不容易做到,这样抽出的样本的代表性就会打折扣.此时可以采用“随机数法”抽样. 产生随机数的方法很多,利用计算器(或计算机)可以方便地产生随机数. CASIO fx 82ESPLUS函数型计算器(如图10-3),利用 · 键的第二功能产生随机数.操作方法是:首先设置精确度并将计算器显示设置为小数状态,依次按键SHIFT 、 MODE、 2 ,然后连续按键 SHIFT 、 RAN# ,以后每按键一次 = 键,就能随机得到0~1之间的一个纯小数. 采用“随机数法”抽样的步骤为: (1)编号:将总体中的N个个体编上号; (2)选号:指定随机号的范围,利用计算器产生n个有效的随机号(范围之外或重复的号无效),得到一个容量为n的样本. 讲解 说明 引领 分析 仔细 分析 关键 语句 观察 理解 记忆 带领 学生 分析 20
阿伦.科普兰是美国现代音乐的倡导者,1920年创作的《猫和老鼠》是一首音乐形象鲜明,诙谐有趣的钢琴演奏曲。乐曲栩栩如生的表现了猫捉老鼠的情景,不协和和弦以及多变的节奏,使作品充满了现代的气息。乐曲由引子、A、B、A、尾声组成。引子中速猫的主题。猫骄傲的懒洋洋的走向高处,凶险的目光窥视周围。第一乐段开始速度非常快,刻画了老鼠的形象。接着猫在屋子里冷漠的巡视,老鼠灵巧的跑来跑去,一场猫捉老鼠的游戏开始了。第二乐段老鼠得意的逃掉了,它,轻快的跑上跑下。远处传来教堂钟声的回响。猫懒洋洋的自我陶醉,老鼠见状,极其灵巧的故意挑逗猫。第三乐段猫再次扑向老鼠,这次老鼠终于被猫逮着了。美声慢板送葬去曲,装死的老鼠一瘸一拐的拖着残腿悄悄的溜走了。在这部作品中作曲家运用了自己独特的“跃进式”旋律,紧张不安的活跃节奏,快速的托卡塔(密集)音型、丰富的和声运用朴实清晰的色彩和富于广度和深度的想象力。让人仿佛看到猫和老鼠追逐、争斗的情形。
《总也倒不了的老屋》是三年级上册第四单元的第一篇课文。课文主要描写了老屋帮助了很多人,为他们遮风挡雨的故事,赞扬了老屋的爱心和他的善良品质。本课的重点是通过感情朗读,理解课文内容,引导学生联系上下文,体会老屋善良、富有同情心的美好品质。本课的难点是学习预测故事,续编故事。课文用反复的手法推进情节的发展,各部分情节具有相似性,教学过程中可引导学生关注相关内容,这也可以为学生预测故事的发展提供方法上的引领,尤其是对老屋和小动物的语言、动作和心理等细节描写的相似为学生提供预测的依据。 1.会认“暴、凑”等6个生字,会写“准、备”13个生字,理解“准备、偶尔”等词语。2.能试着一边读一边预测故事的情节发展。3.能根据题目、插图和故事内容中的线索,结合生活经验和常识进行故事情节的预测,培养阅读兴趣。4.初步体会预测的好处和乐趣,学习老屋善良的品质。 1.教学重点:培养学生抓住重点词句理解课文内容的能力,能试着一边读一边预测故事的情节发展。2.教学难点:引导学生初步掌握通过故事情节的发展方向,预测故事结局的方法。 2课时
活动内容:① 已知,如图,在三角形ABC中,AD平分外角∠EAC,∠B=∠C.求证:AD∥BC分析:要证明AD∥BC,只需证明“同位角相等”,即需证明∠DAE=∠B.证明:∵∠EAC=∠B+∠C(三角形的一个外角等于和它不相邻的两个内角的和)∠B=∠C(已知)∴∠B=∠EAC(等式的性质)∵AD平分∠EAC(已知)∴∠DAE=∠EAC(角平分线的定义)∴∠DAE=∠B(等量代换)∴AD∥BC(同位角相等,两直线平行)想一想,还有没有其他的证明方法呢?这个题还可以用“内错角相等,两直线平行”来证.
1、方程的定义1)像这种用等号“=”来表示相等关系的式子,叫等式。(老师给出定义。)2)请大家观察左边的这些式子,看看它们有什么共同的特征?(老师提出问题。)3)列方程时,要先设字母表示未知数,然后根据问题中的相等关系,写出含有未知数的等式叫做方程。(学生思考后,老师给出新学内容方程的定义。)4)判断方程的两个关键要素: ①有未知数 ②是等式(老师提问,并给出。)
2、学会正确认读i、u、ü的带调韵母。知道ü上标声调时,上面的小圆点不写。3、会在四线格里抄写i、u、ü三个单韵母。课时安排:2课时第一课时 教学目标:教学单韵母i、u并抄写。 教学过程: 一、 复习检查。 1、猜谜语。 (1)白鹅倒影是什么韵母? (2)圆脸小姑娘,小辫右边扎。这是什么韵母? (3)像个圆圈是什么韵母? 2、抽读字母卡片。 二、 教学单韵母i。 1、看图说话引出i。 图上画着什么?图上画着一件衣服。i的发音与“衣”的音相同。 2、教学i的发音,认清字形。 (1)发音要领:发音时嘴比发e时开得更小,只留一条小缝,舌前部升高,接近上腭,舌尖抵住下齿背,让气从舌尖和上腭中间自然流出。 (2)教师范读、领读。 (3)记忆字形。 i像什么?顺口溜:“像支蜡烛i、i、i。” 3、书写指导:先写竖,再写点,两笔写成。 三、 教学单韵母u。 1、看图说话引出u。 图上画着什么?“树上有一只乌鸦。”乌鸦的“乌”就是u。 2、教学u的发音,认清字形。 (1)发音要领:发音时把嘴唇收拢,嘴唇比发o时更圆更小,舌尖后缩,舌根抬高,让气从小洞中出来。 (2)教师范读,领读。 (3)记忆字形。 可用顺口溜:“像只茶杯u、u、u。” 3、书写指导:u一笔写成。 四、 巩固复习。
1、交流与发现为了了解本校学生暑假期间参加体育活动的情况,学校准备抽取一部分学生进行调查,你认为按下面的调查方法取得的结果能反映全校学生的一般情况吗?如果不能反映,应当如何改进调查方法?方法1:调查学校田径队的30名同学;方法2:调查每个班的男同学;方法3:从每班抽取1名同学进行调查;方法4:选取每个班级中的一半学生进行调查.通过前面的活动,学生亲身经历了一次数据的调查过程,并通过对所得数据的计算和分析,了解了自己在家干家务活的时间所处的位置和水平,在调查过程中体会到调查方便有效的重要性.接下来,就能很好地解决交流与发现中的问题.师生共同讨论完成交流与发现.