
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;

Step 3 Meaning1. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should +动词原形”构成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。2. was/were going to+动词原形: 表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作, 常用于口语中, 表示预言、意图或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期开始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作, “刚要/正要做……”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾计划做某事”, 如果表示“本来计划做某事, 动作没实现”, 则需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等动词的过去进行时: 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。She was coming later. 她随后就来。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。

Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."

? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?

Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.

2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?

1. 表示时间。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示让步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非谓语动词作状语时, 如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致, 动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语, 通常由名词或代词来担任, 这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.

The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?

4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降调说Who,其意思是问,对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.

【参考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!

4.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.[归纳]1.过去将来时的基本构成和用法过去将来时由“would+动词原形”构成,主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中),还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.She said that she wouldn't do that again.2.表示过去将来时的其他表达法(1)was/were going to+动词原形:该结构有两个主要用法,一是表示过去的打算,二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。I thought it was going to rain.(2)was/were to+动词原形:主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。She said she was to get married next month.(3)was/were about to+动词原形:表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作,由于本身已含有“即将”的意味,所以不再与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(4)was/were+现在分词:表示在过去看来即将发生的动作,通常可用于该结构中的动词是come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close,open,die,join,borrow,buy等瞬间动词。Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.

有的学者还指出,要坚持集体主义还必须将集体主义的价值精神与社会主义市场经济的要求结合起来,批判地继承计划经济时代倡导的集体主义,合理地对其进行体系结构的调整和内容的更新,形成新的集体主义。与传统的集体主义相比,这种新的集体主义应具有如下两个主要特点。其一,强调集体的出发点是为了维护集体成员的正当个人利益。传统的集体主义具有片面强调集体至上性、绝对性的弊端;新的集体主义必须依据社会主义市场经济的现实要求,将集体应当对个人承担的义务加以科学的阐释。真正的集体应该维护各个集体成员的个人利益,实现组成集体的各个主体的自我价值。这种新型的集体主义是对社会主义市场经济条件下社会关系的真实反映,既与个人主义有本质区别,也不同于传统的集体主义。其二,要体现道德要求的先进性与广泛性的统一。

民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑。一个民族,没有振奋的精神和高尚的品格,不可能自立于世界民族之林。“铁人”精神是“爱国、创业、求实、奉献”的大庆精神的典型化、人格化。其主要方面包括:“为祖国分忧、为民族争气”的爱国主义精神;为“早日把中国石油落后的帽子甩到太平洋里去”,“宁肯少活二十年,拼命也要拿下大油田”的忘我拼搏精神;干事业“有条件要上,没有条件创造条件也要上”的艰苦奋斗精神;“要为油田负责一辈子”,“干工作要经得起子孙万代检查”,对工作精益求精,为革命“练一身硬功夫、真本事”的科学求实精神;不计名利,不计报酬,埋头苦干的“老黄牛”精神;等等。40多年来,“铁人”精神早已家喻户晓,深入人心,成为大庆人的共同理想、信念和行为准则。“铁人”精神是对王进喜崇高思想、优秀品德的高度概括,体现了我国工人阶级精神风貌和中华民族传统美德的完美结合。“铁人”精神是战胜困难、勇往直前、不断取得新胜利的巨大精神力量。“铁人”精神是我们强大的精神支柱。

◇探究提示:我们可以通过人际交往,阅读报纸、杂志、书籍等,欣赏电视、上网查询、发送手机短信、阅读电子读物等方式来搜集资料。其特点为:人际传播是社会生活中最直观、最常见、最丰富的传播现象,具有传播渠道多、方法灵活、意义丰富、反馈及时的特点。报纸、杂志、书籍等,可以通过扫描、编排处理后,显示在互联网上,供广大读者使用。电视提供了动态画面和缤纷的色彩,使人们对信息的理解变得更生动、形象和真实。互联网具有传播同网、全球同时、受众主动、双向互动的特点。手机短信用精练的语言传达丰富多彩的内容,不仅具有娱乐性,还具有情感性、艺术性耙哲理性,让人回味无穷。电子读物实现了文字、图像、声音的完关结合,使人在看图阅文的同时可以听音乐、写文章、做笔记、复制文件等等。

不可知论是否认人们认识世界或彻底改造世界的可能性的哲学学说。此概念首先由英国的赫胥黎(1825—1895)于1869年提出,不可知论的思想在古代就已产生,欧洲近代的主要代表是休谟和康德。其本质是把人的感觉看作是主观和客观之间的屏障而不是桥梁,不承认在感觉之外有确实可靠的客观外部世界的存在,不懂得认识过程中本质与现象、有限与无限的辩证关系。对不可知论最有力的驳斥是实践。有时不可知论一词也用以专指针对宗教教义而提出的一种学说,认为上帝是否存在、灵魂是否不朽是不可知的。2.二元论二元论是认为世界有两个本原的哲学学说,与一元论相对立,它把物质和意识绝对对立起来,认为物质和意识是两个各自独立、相互平行发展着的实体,谁也不产生谁,谁也不决定谁,都是世界的本原。它的观点是错误的:它肯定精神不依赖于物质而独立存在,这本身就是唯心主义的观点;它虽然承认物质是独立的本原,但在说明物质和精神的关系时,又把精神说成是唯一具有能动性的力量,必然倒向唯心主义。主要代表人物是法国的笛卡儿和德国的康德。

此探究活动的目的是为了说明马克思主义哲学是科学完整的体系。在探究活动时可以首先向学生简单介绍西方哲学的发展历史,使学生对马克思主义哲学在整个西方哲学中的位置和地位有个大致了解。离开了这个大的背景,学生对马克思主义哲学就容易摸不着头绪。马克思主义哲学之前的唯物主义的局限性表现在:古代朴素的带有辩证法性质的唯物主义主要是追问世界的本原问题,这时的哲学缺乏近代科学作为基础,因此它更多的是一种猜测。它虽然看到了世界的联系和变化,但它还无法理解联系和变化背后的基础和原因。近代形而上学的唯物主义主要是追问人的认识问题,即人的认识的来源是什么,是什么保证人的认识的可靠性。但它对人的认识问题的解决主要是立足于对世界的一种直观观察,认为人的认识来源于对世界的直观的、机械的反映。它不理解人的实践活动,不理解人是在改造世界的过程中认识世界,人的认识是在实践基础上的能动反映。

思考提示在阶级社会中,社会基本矛盾的解决主要是通过阶级斗争实现的,阶级斗争是推动阶级社会发展的直接动力,当旧的生产关系严重阻碍生产力发展,需要进行变革时,代表旧的生产关系的没落阶级却不会自动退出历史舞台,利用旧的上层建筑维护自己的统治,只有代表新生产力发展方向的阶级通过社会革命,推翻没落的阶级统治,才能解放生产力,推动社会向前发展。所以,阶级社会的进步往往是通过激烈的社会革命实现的。但是,社会主义社会与阶级社会不同,这是因为,社会主义社会中,生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑之间的矛盾是一种非对抗性矛盾,不需要通过一个阶级推翻另一个阶级的阶级斗争的方式来解决,只能通过改革实现社会的发展,通过对生产关系和上层建筑进行改革,实现社会主义的自我完善,从而促进社会的发展。所以,我国经济体制改革是在坚持社会主义制度的前提下,改革生产关系和上层建筑中不适应生产力发展的一系列相互联系的环节和方面。

二是中国人口多、资源相对不足日益成为制约发展的突出矛盾。我国人均水资源拥有量仅为世界平均水平的1/4,600多个城市中,400多个缺水,其中110个严重缺水。我国人均耕地拥有量不到世界平均水平的40%。石油、天然气、铜和铝等重要矿产资源的人均储量分别只占世界人均水平的8.3%、4.1%、25.5%、9.7%。三是我国这20年来经济快速发展,能源浪费大、环境破坏严重等问题日益凸显,人与自然的矛盾从未像今天这样突出。无序、无度的消耗,迅速透支我们宝贵的资源。以下是来自国家环保总局的一组沉甸甸的数据。——从上世纪50到90年代,每年沙化土地扩大面积从560平方公里增加到2460平方公里,我国18个省的471个县、近4亿人口的耕地和家园正受到不同程度的荒漠化威胁。——1952年我国人均耕地2.82亩,2003年人均耕地减少到1.43亩,在各地轰轰烈烈的“圈地”热潮中仅最近7年全国耕地就减少了1亿亩,被占耕地大量闲置。

2.人工智能、信息及其对意识论的深化现代科学的发展,特别是以信息论、控制论、电子计算机科学和脑科学相结合为理论基础的人工智能技术的发展,进一步证明了辩证唯物主义关于物质和意识的相互关系的原理,也给这种现代唯物主义提出了需要深入探索和解释的许多哲学问题。在这些问题之中,人工智能和信息尤为重要。人工智能是相对于人的自然智能而言的。所谓自然智能,是指人所特有的自觉的意识能力,特别是抽象思维能力。由于这种能力是人的一种天赋,所以将其称为人的自然智能。所谓人工智能,则指凭借电子计算机所实现的对人的某些智能的模拟,通过这种思维模拟,使人的某些智能得以再现和放大。自从电子计算机在20世纪中期问世以来,其作用越来越广泛,模拟功能越来越强,更新换代越来越快,对生产和社会生活的影响也越来越大。自50年代中期开始,人工智能便以计算机作为主要的支持手段,逐渐发展成为一门新兴的科学技术。

3.柏拉图(公元前427一前347)古希腊哲学家。生于雅典。苏格拉底的弟子,亚里士多德的老师。他曾在雅典创办学园,收徒讲学,逐步建立起欧洲哲学史上第一个客观唯心主义体系。他也是欧洲哲学史上第一个有大量著作传世的哲学家。他提出世界的本源是“理念”,现实中的事物都是“理念”的摹本。人的知识来源于对“理念”的回忆。柏拉图的哲学思想对后世影响很大,有人说,柏拉图之后的欧洲哲学思想都是对柏拉图思想的注脚。4.黑格尔(1770—1t53l)19世纪德国古典哲学家,客观唯心主义者、辩证法大师。生于斯图加特,卒于柏林。出身于官僚家庭。曾在图宾根神学院学习哲学和神学。大学毕业后,做过几年家庭教师。后任报纸编辑、中学校长、大学讲师、教授和柏林大学校长。黑格尔是在法国革命的直接影响下成长起来的,青年时朝气蓬勃,非常激进。他还深受著名诗人歌德的影响。1818年,他到柏林大学任教后,公开美化普鲁士专制制度,号召人们同现实妥协。
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