一、定义: ,这一公式表示的定理叫做二项式定理,其中公式右边的多项式叫做的二项展开式;上述二项展开式中各项的系数 叫做二项式系数,第项叫做二项展开式的通项,用表示;叫做二项展开式的通项公式.二、二项展开式的特点与功能1. 二项展开式的特点项数:二项展开式共(二项式的指数+1)项;指数:二项展开式各项的第一字母依次降幂(其幂指数等于相应二项式系数的下标与上标的差),第二字母依次升幂(其幂指数等于二项式系数的上标),并且每一项中两个字母的系数之和均等于二项式的指数;系数:各项的二项式系数下标等于二项式指数;上标等于该项的项数减去1(或等于第二字母的幂指数;2. 二项展开式的功能注意到二项展开式的各项均含有不同的组合数,若赋予a,b不同的取值,则二项式展开式演变成一个组合恒等式.因此,揭示二项式定理的恒等式为组合恒等式的“母函数”,它是解决组合多项式问题的原始依据.又注意到在的二项展开式中,若将各项中组合数以外的因子视为这一组合数的系数,则易见展开式中各组合数的系数依次成等比数列.因此,解决组合数的系数依次成等比数列的求值或证明问题,二项式公式也是不可或缺的理论依据.
请回答:根据上述材料,概述第二次工业革命兴起的主要原因。〖参考答案〗①政治上,资本主义制度在世界范围内的确立,为第二次工业革命提供了政权保障。②市场上,世界市场进一步拓展,推动生产进步发展。③科技上,19世纪自然科学的飞速发展与重大突破。④劳动力上,拥有更多、素质更好的自由劳动力。⑤经济上,拥有更加雄厚的资本。探索攻关二:第二次工业革命与垄断组织的出现的关系材料一第二次工业革命产生的新兴工业部门,在厂房、设备、技术要求和产品结构的复杂性等方面,都对生产组织提出了新的要求。这是过去的独家企业无法满足的,而且一般没有足够的资金。……于是,集中资金的合股公司迅速增加起来,起大型企业垄断组织也就应运而生。
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
新知探究国际象棋起源于古代印度.相传国王要奖赏国际象棋的发明者,问他想要什么.发明者说:“请在棋盘的第1个格子里放上1颗麦粒,第2个格子里放上2颗麦粒,第3个格子里放上4颗麦粒,依次类推,每个格子里放的麦粒都是前一个格子里放的麦粒数的2倍,直到第64个格子.请给我足够的麦粒以实现上述要求.”国王觉得这个要求不高,就欣然同意了.假定千粒麦粒的质量为40克,据查,2016--2017年度世界年度小麦产量约为7.5亿吨,根据以上数据,判断国王是否能实现他的诺言.问题1:每个格子里放的麦粒数可以构成一个数列,请判断分析这个数列是否是等比数列?并写出这个等比数列的通项公式.是等比数列,首项是1,公比是2,共64项. 通项公式为〖a_n=2〗^(n-1)问题2:请将发明者的要求表述成数学问题.
二、典例解析例10. 如图,正方形ABCD 的边长为5cm ,取正方形ABCD 各边的中点E,F,G,H, 作第2个正方形 EFGH,然后再取正方形EFGH各边的中点I,J,K,L,作第3个正方形IJKL ,依此方法一直继续下去. (1) 求从正方形ABCD 开始,连续10个正方形的面积之和;(2) 如果这个作图过程可以一直继续下去,那么所有这些正方形的面积之和将趋近于多少?分析:可以利用数列表示各正方形的面积,根据条件可知,这是一个等比数列。解:设正方形的面积为a_1,后续各正方形的面积依次为a_2, a_(3, ) 〖…,a〗_n,…,则a_1=25,由于第k+1个正方形的顶点分别是第k个正方形各边的中点,所以a_(k+1)=〖1/2 a〗_k,因此{a_n},是以25为首项,1/2为公比的等比数列.设{a_n}的前项和为S_n(1)S_10=(25×[1-(1/2)^10 ] )/("1 " -1/2)=50×[1-(1/2)^10 ]=25575/512所以,前10个正方形的面积之和为25575/512cm^2.(2)当无限增大时,无限趋近于所有正方形的面积和
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
新知探究我们知道,等差数列的特征是“从第2项起,每一项与它的前一项的差都等于同一个常数” 。类比等差数列的研究思路和方法,从运算的角度出发,你觉得还有怎样的数列是值得研究的?1.两河流域发掘的古巴比伦时期的泥版上记录了下面的数列:9,9^2,9^3,…,9^10; ①100,100^2,100^3,…,100^10; ②5,5^2,5^3,…,5^10. ③2.《庄子·天下》中提到:“一尺之锤,日取其半,万世不竭.”如果把“一尺之锤”的长度看成单位“1”,那么从第1天开始,每天得到的“锤”的长度依次是1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,… ④3.在营养和生存空间没有限制的情况下,某种细菌每20 min 就通过分裂繁殖一代,那么一个这种细菌从第1次分裂开始,各次分裂产生的后代个数依次是2,4,8,16,32,64,… ⑤4.某人存入银行a元,存期为5年,年利率为 r ,那么按照复利,他5年内每年末得到的本利和分别是a(1+r),a〖(1+r)〗^2,a〖(1+r)〗^3,a〖(1+r)〗^4,a〖(1+r)〗^5 ⑥
求函数的导数的策略(1)先区分函数的运算特点,即函数的和、差、积、商,再根据导数的运算法则求导数;(2)对于三个以上函数的积、商的导数,依次转化为“两个”函数的积、商的导数计算.跟踪训练1 求下列函数的导数:(1)y=x2+log3x; (2)y=x3·ex; (3)y=cos xx.[解] (1)y′=(x2+log3x)′=(x2)′+(log3x)′=2x+1xln 3.(2)y′=(x3·ex)′=(x3)′·ex+x3·(ex)′=3x2·ex+x3·ex=ex(x3+3x2).(3)y′=cos xx′=?cos x?′·x-cos x·?x?′x2=-x·sin x-cos xx2=-xsin x+cos xx2.跟踪训练2 求下列函数的导数(1)y=tan x; (2)y=2sin x2cos x2解析:(1)y=tan x=sin xcos x,故y′=?sin x?′cos x-?cos x?′sin x?cos x?2=cos2x+sin2xcos2x=1cos2x.(2)y=2sin x2cos x2=sin x,故y′=cos x.例5 日常生活中的饮用水通常是经过净化的,随着水的纯净度的提高,所需进化费用不断增加,已知将1t水进化到纯净度为x%所需费用(单位:元),为c(x)=5284/(100-x) (80<x<100)求进化到下列纯净度时,所需进化费用的瞬时变化率:(1) 90% ;(2) 98%解:净化费用的瞬时变化率就是净化费用函数的导数;c^' (x)=〖(5284/(100-x))〗^'=(5284^’×(100-x)-"5284 " 〖(100-x)〗^’)/〖(100-x)〗^2 =(0×(100-x)-"5284 " ×(-1))/〖(100-x)〗^2 ="5284 " /〖(100-x)〗^2
新知探究前面我们研究了两类变化率问题:一类是物理学中的问题,涉及平均速度和瞬时速度;另一类是几何学中的问题,涉及割线斜率和切线斜率。这两类问题来自不同的学科领域,但在解决问题时,都采用了由“平均变化率”逼近“瞬时变化率”的思想方法;问题的答案也是一样的表示形式。下面我们用上述思想方法研究更一般的问题。探究1: 对于函数y=f(x) ,设自变量x从x_0变化到x_0+ ?x ,相应地,函数值y就从f(x_0)变化到f(〖x+x〗_0) 。这时, x的变化量为?x,y的变化量为?y=f(x_0+?x)-f(x_0)我们把比值?y/?x,即?y/?x=(f(x_0+?x)-f(x_0)" " )/?x叫做函数从x_0到x_0+?x的平均变化率。1.导数的概念如果当Δx→0时,平均变化率ΔyΔx无限趋近于一个确定的值,即ΔyΔx有极限,则称y=f (x)在x=x0处____,并把这个________叫做y=f (x)在x=x0处的导数(也称为__________),记作f ′(x0)或________,即
二、典例解析例4. 用 10 000元购买某个理财产品一年.(1)若以月利率0.400%的复利计息,12个月能获得多少利息(精确到1元)?(2)若以季度复利计息,存4个季度,则当每季度利率为多少时,按季结算的利息不少于按月结算的利息(精确到10^(-5))?分析:复利是指把前一期的利息与本金之和算作本金,再计算下一期的利息.所以若原始本金为a元,每期的利率为r ,则从第一期开始,各期的本利和a , a(1+r),a(1+r)^2…构成等比数列.解:(1)设这笔钱存 n 个月以后的本利和组成一个数列{a_n },则{a_n }是等比数列,首项a_1=10^4 (1+0.400%),公比 q=1+0.400%,所以a_12=a_1 q^11 〖=10〗^4 (1+0.400%)^12≈10 490.7.所以,12个月后的利息为10 490.7-10^4≈491(元).解:(2)设季度利率为 r ,这笔钱存 n 个季度以后的本利和组成一个数列{b_n },则{b_n }也是一个等比数列,首项 b_1=10^4 (1+r),公比为1+r,于是 b_4=10^4 (1+r)^4.
1.判断正误(正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”)(1)函数f (x)在区间(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,则函数f (x)在这个区间上单调递减. ( )(2)函数在某一点的导数越大,函数在该点处的切线越“陡峭”. ( )(3)函数在某个区间上变化越快,函数在这个区间上导数的绝对值越大.( )(4)判断函数单调性时,在区间内的个别点f ′(x)=0,不影响函数在此区间的单调性.( )[解析] (1)√ 函数f (x)在区间(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,所以函数f (x)在这个区间上单调递减,故正确.(2)× 切线的“陡峭”程度与|f ′(x)|的大小有关,故错误.(3)√ 函数在某个区间上变化的快慢,和函数导数的绝对值大小一致.(4)√ 若f ′(x)≥0(≤0),则函数f (x)在区间内单调递增(减),故f ′(x)=0不影响函数单调性.[答案] (1)√ (2)× (3)√ (4)√例1. 利用导数判断下列函数的单调性:(1)f(x)=x^3+3x; (2) f(x)=sinx-x,x∈(0,π); (3)f(x)=(x-1)/x解: (1) 因为f(x)=x^3+3x, 所以f^' (x)=〖3x〗^2+3=3(x^2+1)>0所以f(x)=x^3+3x ,函数在R上单调递增,如图(1)所示
1.对称性与首末两端“等距离”的两个二项式系数相等,即C_n^m=C_n^(n"-" m).2.增减性与最大值 当k(n+1)/2时,C_n^k随k的增加而减小.当n是偶数时,中间的一项C_n^(n/2)取得最大值;当n是奇数时,中间的两项C_n^((n"-" 1)/2) 与C_n^((n+1)/2)相等,且同时取得最大值.探究2.已知(1+x)^n =C_n^0+C_n^1 x+...〖+C〗_n^k x^k+...+C_n^n x^n 3.各二项式系数的和C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2+…+C_n^n=2n.令x=1 得(1+1)^n=C_n^0+C_n^1 +...+C_n^n=2^n所以,(a+b)^n 的展开式的各二项式系数之和为2^n1. 在(a+b)8的展开式中,二项式系数最大的项为 ,在(a+b)9的展开式中,二项式系数最大的项为 . 解析:因为(a+b)8的展开式中有9项,所以中间一项的二项式系数最大,该项为C_8^4a4b4=70a4b4.因为(a+b)9的展开式中有10项,所以中间两项的二项式系数最大,这两项分别为C_9^4a5b4=126a5b4,C_9^5a4b5=126a4b5.答案:1.70a4b4 126a5b4与126a4b5 2. A=C_n^0+C_n^2+C_n^4+…与B=C_n^1+C_n^3+C_n^5+…的大小关系是( )A.A>B B.A=B C.A<B D.不确定 解析:∵(1+1)n=C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2+…+C_n^n=2n,(1-1)n=C_n^0-C_n^1+C_n^2-…+(-1)nC_n^n=0,∴C_n^0+C_n^2+C_n^4+…=C_n^1+C_n^3+C_n^5+…=2n-1,即A=B.答案:B
老师,同学们:早上好!记得有人说过:“人,一撇一捺,写起来容易做起来难。”该做怎样的人呢,一百个人会有一百种答案,但在每一个答案的背后都有一个基点,那就是做人首先要做一个文明的人。本周,我校将迎接泉州市“文明学校”县级考评,今天我国旗下讲话的题目是“让文明的校园更文明”。有这么两则报道,一则说的是新加坡。新加坡是一个通用英语的发达国家,虽然有一部分人使用中文,但是这个国家的公共场所的各种标语都是用英语书写的。但其中的一些文明礼貌的标语,如“不准随地吐痰”、“禁止吸烟”、“不准进入草坪”等却用中文书写,为什么呢?曾经有一位大使问过新加坡当局,得到的回应是:“因为有这些不文明行为的,大多数是中国大陆的游客。”为此,到新加坡考察的一位中学校长语重心长地说:“不文明行为就是国耻。”另一则是中央电视台曾经报道过。某年国庆节后的天安门广场,随处可见口香糖残迹,40万平方米的天安门广场上竟有60万块口香糖残渣,有的地方不到一平方米的地面上,竟有9块口香糖污迹,密密麻麻的斑痕与天安门广场的神圣和庄严形成了强烈反差。
亲爱的同学们,尊敬的老师们:大家上午好。期末考试临近,大家都进入到了紧张的复习阶段。大家即将面临的不仅仅是学校的期末考试,高一的同学们月末将迎来两门科目的合格考考试,高二的同学们将迎来五门合格考科目的考试。考试,是学习不可或缺的组成部分,也是同学们全面总结、查漏补缺的绝好时机。在这里我要对同学们提出三点希望:第一,合理安排复习,做好时间管理针对本次期末考试和合格考,同学们要优先确保合格考的顺利通过。注重基础知识的梳理与深刻理解,根据二八法则,科学规划复习,做好时间管理,在多学科复习安排时,优先复习薄弱学科;每一门学科的复习,优先复习重点模块和必考的核心内容。复习阶段,紧张、焦虑伴随着大家,适度的焦虑有利于我们备考,但是过度焦虑则有百害而无一利的。这里给大家几个建议:
1、重点:如何处理主次矛盾、矛盾主次方面的关系,具体问题具体分析2、难点:弄清主次矛盾、矛盾主次方面的含义四、学情分析高二学生具备了一定的抽象思维和综合分析的能力,但实践能力普遍较弱。本框所学知识理论性较强,主次矛盾和矛盾的主次方面这两个概念极易混淆,学生较难理解。而且本框内容属方法论要求,需要学生将理论与实践紧密结合,学生在运用理论分析实际问题上还比较薄弱。五、教学方法:1、探究性学习法。组织学生课后分小组进行探究性学习。在探究性学习中进行:“自主学习”、“合作学习”。让学生进行自主学习的目的是:让学生作学习的主人,“爱学、乐学”,并培养学生终身学习的能力;让学生进行合作学习的目的是:在小组分工合作中,在生生互动( 学生与学生互动)中,促使学生克服“以自我为中心,合作精神差,实践能力弱“等不足,培养综合素质。2、理论联系实际法。关注生活,理论联系实际,学以致用。
尊敬的各位老师,亲爱的同学们:大家早上好!今天我代表高二(4)在国旗下讲话,我讲话的题目是《播种爱心》。当春风吹绿江南岸,我们也走进了三月。三月,是草长莺飞、欣欣向荣的美好季节,也是同学们长知识、长身体的最佳时节;三月,更是文明礼貌月,播种爱心的温馨月。我们每个人都渴望生活在一个充满爱心的世界里。花开,有绿叶扶持;月缺,有群星做伴;日出,有湖水梳妆。天地万物都懂得关爱,更何况我们呢?爱是世界上最纯洁,也是最温暖的情感。不管人类社会发展到什么阶段,歌颂爱、弘扬爱一直是人类生活中一个永恒的主题。古人云:“爱人者,人恒爱之;敬人者,人恒敬之。”从古至今,有一颗善良友爱的心一直为人们所推崇。爱心,是和谐社会必须具备的润滑剂。同样,和谐的校园也需要用“爱心”来铺就。然而,随着社会的发展,现在有许多青少年学生却患上了“爱心缺乏症”,自私、狭隘,与人相处时表现出典型的自我中心,缺乏起码的礼仪规范,对他人的困难漠不关心。有几位同学知道自己父母及祖辈的生日在哪天?
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