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第四周国旗下讲话稿：继承和发扬中国传统文化
尊敬的各位老师，同学们：大家好！。今天，我国旗下讲话的题目是：继承和发扬中华民族传统文化。“中庭地白树栖鸦，冷露无声湿桂花。今夜月明人尽望，不知秋思落谁家？”在刚刚过去的中秋节里，我们要收获的不仅仅是美味的月饼，更重要的是从中获取的我国的传统文化，作为新一代的社会主义接班人，这无疑是我们的重任。中秋节是一个传统节日，它的历史悠久同其他传统节日一样，经历了富有中国传统文化色彩演绎的辉煌路程。早在《周礼》一书中就出现了“中秋”一词，这个节日蕴涵的丰富民族文化，更给我们留下了一份宝贵的精神文化遗产。“每逢佳节倍思亲。”对于一个传统的团圆日子，中秋节更是要一家人团聚在一起，赏月，谈笑。因此才在这样一个节日，发扬敬老孝亲，感恩父母的美德，也应该是中秋文化的范畴。中秋又是一个充满诗意的节日。古往今来，关于中秋的诗词数不胜数，无数文人墨客在中秋留下了千古名篇，给中秋赋予了一种唯美的浪漫色彩，这也是我国的传统文化。而对于我们中华儿女来说，今年的中秋月格外圆。天宫二号在这天夜里半月升空，开始它探索天宇的征途。
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Discovering useful structures教学设计
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land教学设计
当孩子们由父母陪同时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3．过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (＝If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟，我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (＝Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动，她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (＝Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来，但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (＝and was followed by two students)．后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(＝and was accompanied by his mom)．他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Learning about Language教学设计
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys： 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Reading and thinking教学设计
Step 5： After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Using langauge教学设计
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 2 Bridging Cultures-Discovering useful structures教学设计
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 5 First Aid-Discovering useful structures教学设计
You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2．动词ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing，即“sb./sb.'s＋doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动词ing②名词所有格＋动词ing③代词宾格＋动词ing④名词＋动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？Excuse me for my not coming on time．很抱歉我没能按时来。His father's being ill made him worried.他父亲病了，他很担心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。
人教版高中地理选修2国土整治与区域开发教案
【考点搜索】理解中国国土整治的必要性、主要内容及其与区域可持续发展的关系。【教材分析】本课是我国国土整治与区域发展的一个开篇，目的是让学生了解国土整治的概念、意义、我国进行国土整治的必要性和迫切性、我国国土整治的重点工程、国土整治与区域发展的关系。使学生了解我国实施国土整治与区域发展的一些基本理论和原则，为以后各单元讨论典型地区的国土整治与区域发展奠定理论基础。◆重要图释1、图2.2“中国防护林体系规划示意图”防护林体系工程是中国生态工程建设的基本框架，覆盖了我国主要水土流失区、风沙危害区、盐碱区和台风区。图中深绿色区域为“三北”防护林体系建设规划区、浅绿色区域为长江中上游防护林体系建设规划区、紫色区域为沿海防护林体系建设规划区。其中“三北”防护林体系工程是世界最大的生态工程。
人教版高中地理选修2西南区交通运输建设与区域经济发展教案
1、图9.6“南昆铁路示意图”掌握南昆铁路起止点、支线、途经地区、铁路线附近的矿产资源（云南的磷矿、贵州的煤矿、广西的铝矿等）；南昆铁路使西南区南连北海、防城港、湛江、钦州等港，成为西南区通往沿海地区最便捷的出海通道，使西南地区物资出海路程缩短了600千米，对西南区的发展具有十分重要的经济、政治、战略意义。2、图9.10“西南三省一市和广西主要铁路分布图”本图展现了西南三省一市和广西的主要铁路分布，要求重点掌握本区内的环状铁路——成渝-川黔-贵昆-成昆线，新建的南昆线、内昆线，以及宝成线（联系西北区），襄渝线、湘黔线和湘桂-黔桂线（联系中南区），枝柳线（联系中南区和华北区）等区际铁路，昆河线等国际铁路及重要铁路枢纽。3、图9.11“西藏自治区交通图”西藏自治区是我国目前唯一没有正式通铁路的省级行政区，读图后要能掌握联系拉萨的四大入藏（川藏、青藏、新藏、滇藏）公路及正在建设的青藏铁路。
统编版三年级语文上第27课一个粗瓷大碗教学设计教案
《一个粗瓷大碗》是统编版教材三年级语文上册第八单元的一篇略读课文，本文围绕“粗瓷大碗”讲述了赵一曼把小通讯员盛给她的高粱米饭倒进病号灶的锅里，和战士们一起喝野菜粥；把小通讯员给她找的用来吃饭的碗又一次丢掉了的故事，表现了她在艰苦的环境中关爱战士胜过关心自己，与战士同甘共苦、坚持革命的高贵品质。课文是一篇略读课文，学习时可带着问题默读，边读边思考，这样可以更好地理解课文的内容。教学本文时，要由浅入深地设置问题，让学生带着问题默读课文；还要提示学生，默读时，没读懂的地方标记下来，可以联系上下文进一步思考，也可以读完之后和同学一起探讨。 1.认识“陈、曼”等7个生字，读准多音字“还”。2.能带着问题默读课文，了解围绕“粗瓷大碗”发生的故事。3.能从人物的语言、动作等描写中感受到人物的心情、品质。 1.教学重点：能带着问题默读课文，了解围绕“粗瓷大碗”发生的故事。2.教学难点：深入理解文章内容，感受赵一曼的高贵品质。 1课时
初中数学鲁教版七年级上册《第五章 位置与坐标 1 确定位置》教学设计教案
1、通过同位之间互说座位位置，检测知识目标2、3的达成效果。2、通过导学案上的探究一，检测知识目标2、3的达成效果。 3、通过探究二，检测知识目标1、3的达成效果。 4、通过课堂反馈，检测总体教学目标的达成效果。本节课遵循分层施教的原则，以适应不同学生的发展与提高，针对学生回答问题本着多鼓励、少批评的原则，具体从以下几方面进行评价：1、通过学生独立思考、参与小组交流和班级集体展示，教师课堂观察学生的表现，了解学生对知识的理解和掌握情况。教师进行适时的反应评价，同时促进学生的自评与互评。2、通过设计课堂互说座位、探究一、二及达标检测题，检测学习目标达成情况，同时有利于学生完成对自己的评价。3.通过课后作业，了解学生对本课时知识的掌握情况，同时又能检测学生分析解决问题的方法和思路，完成教学反馈评价。
人教版高中语文《寡人之于国也》教案
二、孟子的仁政思想1．民本思想。孟子说：“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。是故得乎丘民而为天子，得乎天子为诸侯，得乎诸侯为大夫。”（《孟子·尽心下》）得到百姓拥护的人才能成为天子，得到天子欢心的人可以成为诸侯，得到诸侯欢心的人可以成为大夫，可见“民为贵”的道理。孟子在尖锐复杂的阶级斗争中看到人民的力量，认为社会安定的前提在于百姓的安居乐业，这一点在当时也是有积极意义的。2．邦国的主权在民。孟子与梁惠王谈话，梁惠王问：“天下恶乎定？”孟子回答：“定于一。”梁惠王问：“孰能一之？”孟子回答：“不嗜杀人者能一之。”梁惠王问：“孰能与之？”孟子回答：“天下莫不与也。”（《孟子·梁惠王上》）意思是说，如果一个君王不嗜杀戮，那么，天下没有不愿意把政权交给这个君王的人。万章问孟子：“尧以天下与舜，有诸？”孟子说：“否；天子不能以天下与人。”万章问：“然则舜有天下也，孰与之？”孟子说：“天与之。”
人教版高中语文《老人与海》教案
2．避免使用过多的描写手法，避免过多地使用形容词，特别是华丽的辞藻，尽量采用直截了当的叙述和生动鲜明的对话，因此，句子简短，语汇准确生动。在塑造桑地亚哥这一形象时，他的笔力主要集中在真实而生动地再现老人与鲨鱼搏斗的场景上。鲨鱼的来势凶猛，老人的沉着迎战，机敏矫捷，都写得生动逼真。如写鲨鱼出现的情形，“当一大股暗黑色的血沉在一英里深的海里然后又散开的时候，它就从下面水深的地方窜上来。它游得那么快，什么也不放在眼里，一冲出蓝色的水面就涌现在太阳光下。”这段描写没有一个比喻句和形容词，但鲨鱼的凶猛、快捷，形势的紧迫却立刻展示在读者面前，清新洗练的叙述文字和反复锤炼的日常用语，使人读来有身临其境之感。文中对大海的描写粗犷简洁，犹如一幅水墨山水画，读来令人心旷神怡，美不胜收。
第四周国旗下讲话稿
广义的讲话稿是人们在特定场合发表讲话的文稿;狭义的讲话稿即一般所说的领导讲话稿。小编整理的第四周国旗下讲话稿，希望大家能够喜欢!第四周国旗下讲话稿1 亲爱的老师们，孩子们：上午好!很高兴能在小红帽读书节到来之际，和大家分享读书的喜悦。首先，我要隆重地向大家介绍两个小书虫，他们是来自四(1)班的沈子钦、陆笛。沈子钦同学为大家带来了一个故事，请欣赏：《是当国王还是读书?》著名历史学家麦考莱曾给一个小女孩写信说，如果有人要我当最伟大的国王，一辈子住在宫殿里，有花园、佳肴、美酒、大马车、华丽的衣服和成百的仆人，条件是不允许我读书，那么我决不当国王。我宁愿做一个穷人，住在藏书很多的阁楼里，也不愿当一个不能读书的国王。是啊，宁愿不当国王也要读书。没有什么能比读书那样能拥有更长久更快乐的幸福了。读书，能让我们的笑容变得更加灿烂;读书，能让我们的目光更有光彩;读书，能让生活变得更加充实。请听陆笛同学的读书感言：金庸说：“只要有书读，做人就幸福。”看到这句话，我的心情立刻就快乐起来，因为我是有书读的人。我生长在一个书香家庭，生活在一个溢满书香的校园，周围有一群爱读书的小伙伴，我们正在策划一个与众不同的节日—读书节，我们的内心充满了期待，因此，我是一个最最幸福的人!
第十四周国旗下讲话稿
老师们，同学们：大家好！郭晓老师围绕“珍爱生命”这一主题同大家进行了交流，交流的非常好。冬天来了，气温骤降，我们一定要把安全牢记在心间。XX年11月17日，中国文明网受权发布了第一届全国文明校园名单。我们的学校获得第一届全国文明校园的荣誉称号。我提议，让我们用热烈的掌声向我们自己表示祝贺。全国文明校园，对于一所学校意味着什么？有多么的重要，听张老师列举几所和我们一起荣获第一届全国文明校园的学校，就会清楚的知道了。他们是清华大学、武汉大学、南开中学等。同学们，你们说，这项荣誉重要不重要？全国文明校园的获得，是我们毓秀路小学1999年建校以来收获的最高荣誉，这个荣誉，不仅属于我们的学校，同时也属于每一个在毓秀路小学工作和学习的老师、学生和工勤人员。让我们把热烈的掌声也送给我们每一个在毓秀路小学工作，生活的毓秀人。
第十六周国旗下讲话稿：勤奋成就人生
尊敬的老师,亲爱的同学们,大家上午好；今天我演讲的题目是《勤奋成就人生》中国有句俗话，叫做“一勤天下无难事”。唐代大文学豪韩愈就曾说过：“业精于勤，荒于嬉。”也就是说，学业方面的精深造诣于勤奋好学，唯有勤奋者，才能在无边的知识海洋里猎取到真正的智慧。数学家华罗庚说：“勤能补拙是良训，一分辛劳一分才”；科学家爱迪生说：“巨大的成就，出于长期的勤奋”。这就告诉我们，勤奋才能成就人生。古往今来，多少名人雅士都是由于勤奋才成就了自己的伟大人生。孔子曾说自己勤于读书，以至发愤忘食，乐以忘忧。战国时期的苏秦正是由于悬梁刺股，勤奋读书，才终挂七国帅印。马克思写《资本论》，辛勤劳作，艰苦奋斗了四十年，阅读了数量惊人的书籍和刊物，做过一千五百种以上的笔记；我国数学家陈景润在攀登数学高峰的道路上，翻阅了国内外上千本有关资料，通宵达旦的看书学习，最终取得了震惊世界的伟大成就!而我们身边的同学也正是通过勤奋学习，才获得优异的成绩。可见，古往今来，任何一项成就的取得，都是和勤奋分不开的。一分耕耘一分收获，只有勤奋，才是扣开成功人生的敲门砖。
第五周国旗下讲话稿：用合作铸就精彩人生
各位老师，同学们：上午好！今天，我国旗下讲话的题目是：用合作铸就精彩人生。一个人的力量很有限，但是一群人的力量是无限的。《淮南子》有云：用众人之力，则无往而不胜也。这里的众人之力，不单单指的是力量，更是一种能力。就像一位哲人所说的：你手上有一颗苹果，我手上也有一颗苹果，两颗苹果交换后每个人还是一颗苹果；你有一种能力，我也有一种能力，两种能力交换后就不再是一种能力了。无论是“让学引思”课堂教学改革还是我们学校正在推行的“引学讲达”常态课堂实践，其核心就在于合作学习。一人能力有限，多人却各有所长，取彼之长补己之短，汇集大家的智慧于一处，这样的小组和团队必定所向披靡。合作才能共赢，团结更有力量。课堂上，老师通过小组合作、探究的方式带领大家共同学习，共同提高；校园里，丰富多彩的社团活动处处彰显着“合作、共赢”的思想。合作是我们走向社会、走向未来，成人成才必备的核心素养。合作有利于班级凝聚力的形成。凝聚力是一个集体的战斗力的重要标志。一个缺乏合作的集体，往往组织松散，矛盾众多，成员勾心斗角，互不服气，互不信任，认为班里的一切与自己无关，更谈不上有什么战斗力，这就是缺乏集体凝聚力的表现。反之，同学们就会为了班级目标一起努力，逐渐形成团结、合作的班级文化。
第十周国旗下讲话稿3篇
大家好：大家都知道，由于人类向自然界过度的索取，已经导致了大自然无情的报复：飓风、暴雨、暴风雪、洪涝、干旱、虫害、酷暑、森林大火、地震、海啸等灾情不期而至，全世界因干旱等原因而造成的迁移性难民预计到2025年达到1亿人。所有这一切都在向人类发出警示：人类在破坏地球环境的同时，也在毁灭着自己。人类只有一个地球，尊重地球就是尊重生命，拯救地球就是拯救未来。4月22日（也就是明天）是“世界地球日”，全球各地的环保人士和团体都在举办形形色色的纪念地球日环保活动。然而，爱护地球，保护地球绝不应是止于一朝一夕，一举一动的象征性行为。“地球日”只能作为一种标志，在一年中的某一天提醒人们要记得，这个地球已经很脆弱。只有所有的人都能自觉约束自己，都愿齐心协力地为保护地球而努力，我们的家园才会有希望，我们的明天才能越来越美好。 作为中学生的我们，该如何做呢？
部编版小学语文一年级下册第16课《要下雨了》优秀教案范文
由扶到放，学习课文 1.指导学习一至三段。 （1）指名读第一段。学习生字"弯、直"，通过做动作理解词义。 （2）练习朗读第一段，可边读边做动作。 （3）教师引读第二段：小燕子从他头上飞过。小白兔大声喊--（学生读）。 （4）引导学生看第一幅挂图：小燕子飞得很低，小白兔奇怪地向燕子为什么飞得这么低。学生练习朗读小白兔喊叫的句子，提醒学生注意提示语"大声喊"和句尾问号。 （5）先指名读第三段，然后逐句以问引读： ① 教师指第一句问：燕子边飞边说-- ②空气怎么样呢--（学生接读第二句）虫子的翅膀可比鸟的翅膀小多了，薄多了，就像透明的纱一样，沾上了小水珠，就像人背上了铅球一样沉重，自然就飞不高了。再读第二句。 ③那小燕子飞不高是什么原因呢?学生读最后一句，教师板书：捉虫子，学习生字"捉"，练习朗读句子。
