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人教版新课标高中物理必修1质点参考系和坐标系说课稿2篇
一、说教材《质点 参考系和坐标系》是人教版普通高中物理必修一第一章第一课的内容。本节课主要介绍了质点、参考系、坐标系的基本概念。通过本节课的学习为进一步学习后续课程起到了铺垫的作用。根据上述教材的结构和内容分析，又考虑到高一年级学生的认知结构及其心理特征，我制定了以下三维教学目标：1、知识与技能：知道质点的概念及条件；知道参考系的概念及作用；掌握坐标系的简单应用。2、过程与方法：促进学生自主学习，让学生积极参与、乐于探究、勇于实验、勤于思考，培养学生的科学探究能力。3、情感态度与价值观：通过质点 参考系和坐标系的学习，使学生了解生活与物理的关系，让学生学会用科学的思维去看待事物。根据普通高中物理课程标准，并在吃透教材的基础上，我确定了以下教学重点和难点：教学重点：质点概念的建立。只有掌握了这一点才能更加准确的理解和掌握后续教材的相关内容。
人教版新课标高中物理必修1自由落体运动说课稿2篇
学生回答的方法多样，让各小组根据自己讨论出来的方法对自己实验出来的纸带进行数据处理，并求出加速度，并且将多条纸带都进行处理，同时提醒学生对纸带的选择。接着，我会用多媒体展示重物下落实验打出来的纸带，用表格列出一段纸带上各点的瞬时速度，准确画出v-t图像，求出加速度，将结果给予学生的结果作对比，确定出正确结论。最后让学生分析总结：自由落体运动是初速度为零的匀加速直线运动，而且，多条纸带算出来的加速度的数值都接近相等，即加速度在实验误差允许范围内是相等的。引出重力加速度，介绍概念、方向及大小。（强调“同一地点”，让学生阅读教材中一些地点的重力加速度，可以了解重力加速度的大小与纬度有关，纬度越大加速度越大）。学习了重力加速度后让学生根据之前学习的匀变速直线运动公式推导出自由落体的运动规律。设计意图：让学生在学习过程中的主体地位和自主观能动性得到充分发挥，取长补短，培养了学生的实验操作能力，又使学生对自由落体运动的性质有深刻的印象，从而解决了本节课第二个难点。
人教版高中历史必修1从汉至元政治制度的演变说课稿2篇
二、君主专制的演进（即中央政治制度的演变）通过地方政治制度演变的学习，掌握方法以后，以学生归纳整理基本线索为主，教师适当点拨，注意纠错。1． 汉承秦制，又有所变化。教师点拨强调继承与发展两个方面。创设情景：同学们看了电视连续剧《汉武大帝》后，知道汉武帝刘彻在继位之后，就急于对西汉王朝的政治制度进行改革。那么，西汉初期中央政治制度的基本框架是怎样的呢？汉武帝为什么要对它进行改革呢？改革后的西汉中央集权制度又是怎样的呢？请大家议一议，想一想。主干知识：西汉初期的中央政治制度的最大特点是“汉承秦制”。具体表现在两个方面：一是继续实行皇帝制度，维护皇权，这一做法也为后来各王朝所沿用；二是在中央设立三公，分别掌管行政、监察和军事。到汉武帝时，“中朝”成为西汉重要的中央决策机构，尚书令的权力日益重要，以丞相为首的三公九卿的权力被削弱，演化为执行机构。到了东汉光武帝时，进一步剥夺三公权限，扩大尚书的权力。
人教版高中历史必修1明清君主专制的加强说课稿2篇
四、说教法应该充分利用历史学科蕴含丰富图片、史料资料的特点，采用多媒体教学手段，创设含有真实事件或真实问题的情境，让学生在探究事件或解决问题的过程中，自主地理解知识，使教学过程成为一个动态的、有机的整体。使学习过程成为“感知－理解－运用”的过程，更是掌握方法、积累经验、发展能力、生成情感的过程。五、说教学过程1.新课导入带领同学们回顾一下第2、3课学习的内容，因为讲的是专制主义中央集权的建立，讲的是专制主义中央集权的发展，对这两节课内容的复习将专制主义中央集权的发发展脉络完整的呈现在学生面前。接下来就通过对胡惟庸案的讲解导入本节课的内容。2.问题探究，突破重点、难点导入新课后，通过多媒体课件给学生们展示一段朱元璋大肆杀戮功臣的资料，提示学生大肆杀戮功臣是朱元璋加强中央集权的措施之一，接着引导学生看课本提问他们朱元璋为了加强中央集权还采取了哪些措施，从而得出明代加强中央集权的措施。
人教版高中历史必修1马克思主义的诞生说课稿2篇
3、马克思主义的三大思想来源之一——空想社会主义理论，教师可以采用多媒体技术、投放幻灯片、人物图片等资料进行处理。这样既能增强课堂的趣味性，激发学生的兴趣，也容易让学生理解什么是“空想社会主义”。可以分别投放圣西门的实业制度、傅立叶的“法朗吉”和欧文的“新和谐公社”等资料加深学生的理解。为了充分发挥学生的学习主体性地位，还可以利用教材中“学习思考”的问题设计：为什么说圣西门等思想家提出的设想是空想的？让学生在教师提供的材料中探究答案。至于马克思主义的另两大思想来源：德意志古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学可以简单处理。而马克思、恩格斯为无产阶级革命事业奋斗的事迹以及马恩两人的友谊是可以稍加扩长的部分，教师可事先布置学生任务，让学生通过网络或者书籍去查找相关知识，也或者由教师在课堂上补充相关资料，调节课堂气氛。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading and Thinking教学设计
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for writing教学设计二
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for Writing教学设计一
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案：1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语，它通常位于系动词后面，用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案：1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
人教版高中历史必修3文艺复兴和宗教改革说课稿2篇
师：在科学发展过程中，前一个理论体系的不完善之处，往往是新的研究和新的发现的突破口。开普勒之后，意大利天文学家伽利略创制了天文望远镜，用更加精确的观察继续发展和验证哥白尼创立的新天文学理论。除了用望远镜进行天文观察以外，伽利略还开始进行自然科学的实验研究，哪位同学能给大家讲一讲伽利略在比萨斜塔上所作的关于物体自由下落的实验？生：（讲述这一实验）师：所以，伽利略在科学方面更加重要的贡献是奠定了近代实验科学的基础。（2）实验科学和唯物主义师：伽利略从实践上开辟了实验科学的方法，而英国唯物主义哲学家培根则从理论上阐述了实验科学的方法——归纳法。培根和伽利略同被称为实验科学之父，培根还有一句影响深刻的名言：“知识就是力量”，表明了他注重知识，尊崇科学的精神。我们再来概括一下意大利哲学家布鲁诺的唯物主义思想，是否有同学可以简述布鲁诺的生平事迹？
人教版高中政治必修3文化在继承中发展说课稿2篇
2、学生分析 九十年代初期出生的孩子，生活在一个充满活力的时代，张扬个性成为他（她）们的主旋律。面对这一时代的学生，沟通需要用心、用技巧，那也是一门艺术。高中学生的心理日趋成熟,有一定的知识积累,且比较丰富;语言逻辑性强,有较强的参与意识,求知欲望及表现欲望。学生主体参与的充分，表现在其主动性，积极性得到极大的调动。这与教师的主导作用是分不开的。本课教案就是要引导学生自己先阅读书本、独立思考、激发学生思维，引导学生各抒己见，让学生自己得出解答问题的结论，不追求答案的唯一。充分体现了读书是一种个体行为，每个学生有不同的体验。教师应跳出教案的问题模式，和学生一道去创造地发现问题、分析问题、解决问题，在成功中寻找快乐、在快乐中更加成功。同时特别注重创设的情景的选择性，有针对性和实效性，引导学生们积极、主动参与，使他们的潜能、智慧得出充分挖掘、展示。只有当学生们在课堂上表现出来的独特的、有创意的设计见解，学生主体参与和教师主导二者完美结合，才能表明该课的设计卓有成效。
人教版高中政治必修3文化在交流中传播说课稿2篇
师：同学们这个暑假过得真不错呀，都有自己最开心的日子。同学们经历的这些活动，让你们自己长了知识，丰富了阅历，你们今天的介绍，也让我和更多的同学大开了眼界。由此可见，在今天，通过亲身参与、实践，通过网络、电影，通过交流发言，大家获得了许多新的信息、知识，增强了对祖国美好河山的热爱、对科技的向往和异国的友谊。同学们信息交流的过程，实际上也是文化传播的过程。板书课题:第二课时文化在交流中传播话题导入讨论话题：如何建设文明校园?（课前准备：要求同学们仔细观察、了解关于校园文明现象的问题，并就如何建设文明校园提出自己的建议。教师可按自然组，让学生推选一名代表发言，就校园文明方面谈谈存在的问题和不足，或提出一些中肯的改进意见）（学生交流）生1：建设文明校园，首先要净化语言环境，我们学校不少同学爱说脏话，与文明校园很不相称。
人教版高中政治必修3博大精深的中华文化说课稿2篇
板书：多民族文化对中华文化的意义师：中华民族是多民族的共同体，中华文化呈现多种民族文化的丰富色彩。中华各民族的文化，既有中华文化的共性，又有各自的民族特性。它们都是中华文化的瑰宝，都是中华民族的骄傲。各兄弟民族文化相互交融、相互促进，共同创造了中华文化。各族人民对共同拥有的中华文化的认同感和归属感，显示了中华民族厚重的文化底蕴和强大的民族凝聚力。问题探究8温家宝总理在美国会见华侨时满怀深情地说，中国已解决了香港问题和澳门问题，洗刷了百年耻辱，现在剩下一个台湾问题，“这一湾浅浅的海峡是我们最大的乡愁、最大的国殇”。用有关知识分析：为什么“这一湾浅浅的海峡是我们最大的乡愁、最大的国殇”？生1：台湾是中国的一部分，台湾各族人民是中华民族的一部分，台湾文化归属于中华文化。生2：传统的民族文化是维系民族生存和发展的精神纽带。
人教版高中政治必修3感受文化影响说课稿2篇
3、问题设计：文化除了影响人们的交往行为和交往方式外，还影响人们的什么？4、师生总结得出结论：文化影响人们的实践活动、认识活动和思维方式。设计意图：通过主题的指引，让学生查阅并说说中国传统节日的来源、传说和意义。这是基于丰富课程资源的设计，将生活和学习领域的多种资源纳入课程的范畴，在活动中自主建构知识，并在教师的引导下，提高分析和解决问题能力，培养热爱祖国的思想感情，突破本框题第二个重点。过渡设问：文化对人影响有什么特点？设计意图：通过问题提示，集中学生的注意力，导入下一个环节的教学。环节三：文化对人潜移默化的影响。教案：1、多媒体播放“孟母三迁”故事动画片。2、讨论问题：“孟母三迁”的故事给我们什么启示？3、师生总结得出结论：文化对人具有潜移默化的影响。设计意图：“孟母三迁”的故事学生比较熟悉，而且这个故事的思想教育性较强。
人教版高中政治必修3文化创新的途径说课稿2篇
PPT：文化创新的途径环节二：（展示情境 探究问题）情境一：先后展示徐悲鸿的《奔马图》和《愚公移山》设计意图：在作品的选择上遵循由易到难，由感性到理性的原则让同学们从中体会作者的创作情怀，比较两幅图表达的心境不同之处及其原因。探究一：从创作背景的不同，探究文化创新的根本途径。PPT：（设问）1、为什么同一画家在不同时期，作品所反映的内容不同？2、从中我们可看出，文化创新的根本途径是什么？设计意图：引导学生分析时代的变化对人们的社会实践的影响，因而文化工作者在体验生活的过程中创作的作品意境也会不同，培养学生透过现象看本质的能力，得出文化创新的根本途径是社会实践。教师过渡：在社会实践中，徐悲鸿先生还有什么创作的成功秘诀吗？探究二：从创作心得的展示，探究文化创新的重要途径（PPT）徐悲鸿一生致力于国画的创新实践，他认为革新中国绘画的要旨在于：“古法之佳者，守之；不佳者，改之；垂绝者，继之；未足者，增之；西方画之可采入者，融之。” 设计意图：通过阅读材料，培养学生寻找关键词的能力，并从中总结归纳文化创新的重要途径----继承传统、推陈出新。
人教版高中政治必修3文化创新的源泉与作用说课稿2篇
一、教学目标：基于对教材的理解和分析，根据《课程标准》和学生的知识水平及认知特点。我制定了这样的教学目标。（1）知识目标：理解社会实践的发展是文化创新的动力和源泉，认识文化创新的作用以及文化创新在新时代的价值和作用。（2）能力目标：能够分析事例，说明社会实践是文化创作和发展的重要根源，从而培养学生的比较分析能力、辩证思维能力（3）情感态度与价值观目标：通过本框教学，使学生明确文化创新的重大作用，激发学生投身建设中国特色社会主义伟大实践而进行文化创新的热情，从而培养学生的创新精神、爱国情感和民族自豪感，增强学生进行文化创新的责任感和使命感。二、教材分析本框题内容包括情景导入--不尽的源泉，情景分析--巨大的作用、深刻的意义和情景回归--呼唤文化创新的时代三个目题。其内在的逻辑关系是由第一目题导入社会实践是文化创新的源泉，也是文化创新的动力的观点，第二目是对文化创新的作用进行理论上的分析。第三目情景回归，当今时代呼唤文化创新。
人教版高中政治必修3文化与经济、政治说课稿2篇
2、文化反作用经济政治师：经济政治决定文化，那么，文化不是被动消极的呢？生：思考回答：文化反作用经济政治，不同的文化对经济政治的影响不同。师：文化反作用经济政治，对社会发展有重要影响。文化反作用表现在，文化可以为经济政治的发展，对社会的发展，提供方向保证、智力支持和精神动力。（1）文化反作用的体现。师：现代民主国家中，世界民主的先驱是英国，但英国却有国王，亚洲民主的先驱是日本，但日本却有天皇，其一个重要原因是文化的影响。这说明什么？生：思考发言……师：不同民族的文化，影响不同民族和国家的历史和发展道路。师：中东地区一直以来都是世界热点地区，如巴以冲突、伊拉克战争、阿富汗战争、基地组织等，其一个重要原因是宗教文化的冲突。这说明什么？生：思考发言……师：不同文化的冲突，影响社会的和谐安定和世界的和平安宁。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
1. 表示时间。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示让步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意：非谓语动词作状语时, 如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致, 动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语, 通常由名词或代词来担任, 这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角）left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.