《贫寒是福天道酬勤石智勇从挫折中奋起》也许是自幼的贫寒生活塑造了石智勇内向的性格,即使是胸挂金灿灿的奖牌接受全场观众欢呼,他的表情也是略显羞涩的。小时候吃不饱肚皮的经历让他至今在“最喜欢的东西”一栏还填写着“食物”二字,而“穷人的孩子早当家”的坚韧,却又是促成他今日辉煌的动力。中国举重队副总教练陈文斌赛后说道:“智勇这几年练得很苦,今天终于有了这样的成绩,这是天道酬勤的结果。石智勇的奥运会金牌是中国男举的一次突破,我们非常激动。”在希腊神话里,命运女神总是让英雄历经磨难。石智勇也不例外。四年前的悉尼奥运会前夕,他在一次训练中扭伤脚踝,失去了参赛机会。“当时我伤心极了,不敢看电视直播,我怕参赛的选手成绩太低了。高点我还好一点,自欺欺人一下说,哎呀好高,自己去了也拿不了冠军,要是低了,自己没去,失去冠军机会,心里痛啊。后来结果出来,也不怎么高,心里真难受。”
一、语文学习中学生自我评价能力的培养1.营造氛围,培养学生自我评价的意识。学生自我评价能力是教师长期培养的结果,而保护学生自我评价的热情,更是持续自我评价的保证。在我们的实际教育教学中,教师一直处于评价的绝对主体,很少去关注学生自我评价意识和能力的培养,学生常常不理解:为什么要认真听讲?为什么书写要工整、为什么发言要积极?为什么老师、父母对考试分数会有那么高的要求?当前出现的学生许多诸如“离家出走”、“毒杀亲人”等教育、行为、品德方面的问题,我想其中除了家长、教师的评价意识和评价艺术等原因之外,学生的自我评价意识的缺乏是根本的原因。所以我认为,学生自我评价意识的培养刻不容缓。(1)热情鼓励,提供成功的心理体验。在教学过程中,教师要善于发现、肯定学生自我评价的点滴进步,对于他们每一点进步都要真诚热情地鼓励。让学生觉得我这么做,这么想是对的。让学生在教师的鼓励中体会到强烈的爱,感受到自己的进步,增强自己的信心。“心若在,梦就在!”教师的热情鼓励是一种强大的催化剂,促使学生在学习中乐于自我评价。
一、教材分析本框题包括什么是哲学的基本问题、为什么思维和存在的关系问题是哲学的基本问题两个目题。第一个问题:什么是哲学的基本问题。其逻辑顺序是:什么是哲学的基本问题→哲学的基本问题所包含的两方面的内容→对哲学的基本问题第一方面内容的不同回答是划分唯物主义和唯心主义的标准→对哲学的基本问题第二方面内容的不同回答是划分可知论和不可知论的标准。第二个问题:为什么思维和存在的关系问题是哲学的基本问题。其 逻辑顺序是:思维和存在的关系问题是人们在现实生活和实践活动中遇到的和无法回避的基本问题→思维和存在的关系问题,是一切哲学都不能回避的、必须回答的问题→思维和存在的关系问题,贯穿于哲学发展的始终,对这个问题的不同回答决定着各种哲学的基本性质和方向,决定着对其它哲学问题的回答。 二、教学目标(一)知识目标(1)识记哲学的基本问题(2)解释哲学的基本问题
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
1. 这个寓言是一个关于一位国王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用这个故事让读者对于社区的问题负有个人责任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 这个故事十分成功的实现了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
Step 3 Meaning1. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should +动词原形”构成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。2. was/were going to+动词原形: 表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作, 常用于口语中, 表示预言、意图或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期开始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作, “刚要/正要做……”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾计划做某事”, 如果表示“本来计划做某事, 动作没实现”, 则需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等动词的过去进行时: 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。She was coming later. 她随后就来。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
写作指导:第一题要求写出自然美,在自然美中融进自己的感情。小路、流水、山峦、森林、天空、大海……都是实体事物,因此首先要求用写生的办法把它们表现出来,要写得准确,写出它们的特点和个性,尤其是写出它们的美。同时,也要把赞美之情不落痕迹地融化在描写之中。第二题是写一幅风景画或一张风景照片中的自然美景,以及美景中的一些细节,同时把自己心动的感觉写出来。在这里,关键是找到画或照片中的美,找到心动的感觉,如果找到了,再用文字把这美和感觉表达出来。当然,写风景美和写自己的感觉应是乳水交融的。第三题是用动情的笔墨把自己的一种经历写出来。这些经历似乎都是细节,都不是惊天动地的大事。是细节,就容易碰到,在题目列举的四种中,学生不难找到。即使不在这四种中,也可以,只要这种经历给了自己心灵以震撼或潜移默化的影响。
方法点拨教师:有的同学叙述事实论据时,不突出重点和精华,不注意取舍,水分太多,有许多的叙述描写,有时还有详细的故事情节,文章几乎成了记叙文,使文章的论点无法得到充分的证明,这是写议论文的大忌。那么:议论文中的记叙有哪些特点?同学各抒己见。投影显示:1.议论中的记叙不是单纯的写人记事,记叙文字是为议论服务的,其目的是为作者所阐明的道理提供事实依据。所以,在记叙时要求简洁、概括,舍弃其中的细节,仅仅交代清楚事件或者人物的概貌即可,一般不在各种描写手段上下功夫,只要把能证明观点的那个部分、侧面交代清楚就行了。2.议论文中的记叙性文字不得超过总字数的1/3,否则视为文体不当。能力提升一、教师:了解了议论文中的记叙的特点,接下来我们看看今天的话题:“爱的奉献”,你想从哪个角度立论?有哪些素材?
论证方法之引证法如何用好引证法:1.所引用的名言警句等针对性要强。每句名言都产生于特定的背景,都应用于特定的交际目的,即使谈同一个问题,也有不少名言可供选取。2.要简洁,不宜过多。议论是在发表自己的见解而不是在介绍他人的见解。引用他人的话,目的是为了让读者更加信服自己的话。3.要注意直接引用和间接引用的区别。直接引用务求文字、甚至标点均准确无误;间接引用只须述其大意,但要注意人称的转换。论证方法之喻证法喻证法是用设喻来论证论点的方法。在议论文中,设喻可以使论点更易懂、更风趣、更容易获得读者的认同。喻证法能化抽象为具体、化艰深为浅显、化枯燥为生动。论证方法之喻证法如何用好喻证法:1.以小见大,就近取譬。要精选生活中细小的、人们熟悉的事物做为设喻的喻体。2.喻体不求形似,只求神似。做为喻证的喻体与做为比喻的喻体不同。比喻的喻体是为了强调特征,描绘事物,侧重形似,以形比形;而喻证的喻体是为了阐发观点,以正视听,力求神似,以义取形。
教学目标:1、了解文学作品解读的个性化及其原因。2、探讨个性化解读遵循的基本原则,合理解读文学作品。教学重点:引导学生关注文学现象,培养他们对文学作品理解的多重思维能力。教学难点:把握个性化的度。避免偏激的理解、过度的张扬所谓个性,严重歪曲文学作品。教学方法:导读、计论、合作探究。教学时间:一课时教学过程:一、创设情境、揭题导入:记得有这样一个故事:一个小孩在四岁就能背《登鹳雀楼》,可平时只有在大人的要求下,他才背出来。直到六岁的某一天,他父母带他去旅游,在他登陆上山顶时,竟然随口背出:“欲穷千里目,更上一层楼”来。这说明了什么?……(讨论)文学作品解读的个性化。二、探讨个性化解读的原因1、读者的差异导致解读的个性化A、同一作品,阅读的时间不同,解读不同。如上面的例子。如《从百草园到三味书屋》和《风筝》主题的多元化理解。“温故知新”,名作重读,不但有趣,而且有益。B、同一作品,不同读者,解读不同。
七、联系实际·拓展延伸看云起云飞——交流对我国现代科技发展转机的看法甲生说:本文作者把成立京师大学堂、废除科举、派遣留学生看作三件有划时代意义的大事,是很有见地的。京师大学堂是戊戌变法的产物,是北京大学的前身,是我国第一次设立的大学,所教东西比较全面,包括了现代的科学。这表明,国人已经从先前的自大、愚昧的精神状态中转过弯来。先前不少人把西方科技看作是雕虫小技,而认为我们才是正宗的。这是狂妄自大。又有一些人走到另一个极端去,产生了什么“种族退代论”,这是自卑感在作怪。成立京师大学堂,标志着国人的认识产生了根本的变化。我们对西方科技有了正确的认识,看到科技在国计民生中起的重要作用,克服了自大缺点。我们又重新树立了信心,认识到,改革教育、办好学校,我们也同样能够培养出一批优秀的科技人才,同样可以发展科技,借以富民强国,这就克服了自卑感。
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