The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
当孩子们由父母陪同时,他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3.过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时,相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看,整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟,我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动,她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来,但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时,可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟着两个学生,老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.报纸报道说有一百多人在暴风雨中丧生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,以及by、before后面接过去的时间时,主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10岁前就已经被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生产了好几吨大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引导的定语从句中,主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去事实相反,且主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一点得到他的指示,我早就完成这项任务了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快点的话,我就不会误了火车。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚会,你就会见到他的。
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2.动词ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动词ing②名词所有格+动词ing③代词宾格+动词ing④名词+动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我没能按时来。His father's being ill made him worried.他父亲病了,他很担心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。
2、上海是全国最大的商业中心,上海港是全国最大的港口。商业中心区位选择因素与港口的区位选择因素的共性条件是( )A、自然地理条件B、经济地理条件C、地理位置D、经济腹地3、中国政府宣布开发上海浦东的时间是( )A、1978年B、1985年C、1989年D、1990年4、有关上海优越区位条件的叙述,错误的是( )A、长江三角洲可提供充足的农副产品B、是全国最大的交通枢纽C、是我国最大城市带的核心城市D、是我国面积最大的直辖市5、目前上海市面临的最主要的人口问题是( )A、人口老龄化,青壮年赡养照顾众多老人负担过重B、卫星城镇人口比重大C、人口基数大,自然增长率高D、人口年龄构成轻,生育高峰压力大6、城市问题产生的主要原因是( )A、城市规模扩大B、城市基础设施相对滞后C、城市管理混乱D、城市人口规模和经济规模的迅速扩大7、下列可反映上海市的城市问题的是( )A、上海市区人均道路面积略高于北京市区B、上海市沙尘暴天气多发C、上海市许多家庭三代人同室居住D、上海市人均绿地面积稍高于重庆
刘绍棠,中国当代著名乡土文学作家,1936年2月出生于河北通县(今北京通州区)大运河畔的儒林村,1949年开始发表作品,一生留下了500多万字的乡土文学作品,包括《地火》《京门脸子》等多部长篇小说,《蒲柳人家》《运河的桨声》等多部中篇小说,以及《青枝绿叶》《蛾眉》等多部短篇小说集。他的作品在国内多次获奖,在国际上亦有影响。刘绍棠的作品内容各不相同,但都艺术地再现了其家乡大运河畔不同历史时期的风土人情和社会风貌,描绘了充满诗情画意的乡风水色、世俗人情。20世纪80年代以来,刘绍棠不遗余力地倡导乡土文学,创作上坚持“中国气派,民族风格,地方特色,乡土题材”。文学评论家指出,他的作品格调清新淳朴,乡土色彩浓郁,形成了独具特色的大运河乡土文学风格。
各位老师、同学们:大家早上好!今天我非常荣幸的在这里给大家演讲 我演讲的题目是“用智慧和热情攀登学习的高峰”。充满激情和快乐的校运会刚刚结束,全校同学又将迎来一场新的竞技——期末考试。如同赛场上的展示一样,每一位同学都希望通过这次考试来检测自己一学期的学习效果,证明自己的学习能力和实力。同时大家也知道,优异的成绩必须通过智慧的过程和热情的奋斗来获得。什么是智慧的过程?智慧的过程就是要妥善安排复习计划并且有效地利用复习时间。我们要好好制订一个复习计划。有了复习计划,学习活动就可以目标明确地有序进行,检查和总结就有了标准和依据。恩格斯说:“没有计划的学习简直就是荒唐的事情。”学习好与差的一个重要区别就在于有无计划。需要指出的是同学们除了遵照执行老师的计划以外,还应该针对自己的情况,从学的角度更具体地制订出个人的复习计划。两方面互相照应配合,才能收到更好的复习效果。
(一)、导入 师:今天,我们来学习课文《全神贯注》。谁回忆一下我们学习略读课文的方法。 生:1、自读课文,扫清字、词障碍。 2、再读课文,理清文章脉络。 3、按照阅读提示研读课文。 4、小组交流、讨论。 5、大组汇报 (二)、按照学习方法,进行学习。 (三)、(以小组为单位)汇报学习情况。 1、小组1:读课文,并讲解不理解的词义。 提醒易读错的字音和易写错的生字。
嗅苹果 学生们向苏格拉底请教:怎样才能坚持真理? 笑容可掬的苏格拉底让大家坐下来,随后取出一个苹果。他用手指捏着,慢慢地从每个同学的座位旁边走过,一边走一边说:“请同学们集中精力,注意嗅一嗅空气中的气味。” 然后,他回到讲台上,把苹果举起来左右晃了晃,问:“哪位同学闻到了苹果的气味儿?” 有一位同学举手回答:“我闻到了,是香味!” 苏格拉底再次走下讲台,举着苹果,慢慢地从每一个学生的座位旁边走过,边走边叮嘱:“请同学务必集中精力,仔细嗅一嗅空气中的气味。” 稍停,苏格拉底第三次从讲台走到学生们中间,让每一个学生再嗅一嗅苹果的气味。
创设情境,引入梦境。师:想到能给你们上课,我昨晚兴奋的睡不着觉,迷迷糊糊的我好像进入到了一个奇妙的世界:我脚踏星星来到学校,我们的课堂飞到了天空,云朵变成了小朋友的课桌,而老师的讲台竟是一道七色的彩虹。太阳和月亮为我们照明,小动物们争着来听课,小朋友们挥舞着画笔把天空变成了美丽的花园。你们觉得老师的梦怎么样?生:神奇、甜美。师:梦可以带给我们许多新奇的体验。引出课题《多彩的梦》师:那谁来说说你印象深刻的梦?
【设计意图】本环节旨在引导学生明确如何围绕人物的精神品质和性格特点选择材料,刻画人物内在的个性特征。两个环节,从课内引申到课外实践,用思维导图的方式,直观易学。三、抓住细节,事中显神当我们写多件事情表现人物时,要处理好叙事的详略。详写的事情也不能面面俱到地展开叙述,而应该突出重点,要将概括叙述与具体叙述相结合,力求通过一些具体而微小的细节表现人物特点。1.例文引路,学习方法师:下面我们一起以魏巍的《我的老师》为例,学习多件事情叙述的详略安排,学习用细节刻画表现人物形象。(1)师印发并指导学生阅读魏巍的《我的老师》。(见《教师教学用书》P161第三单元写作的“例文评析”栏目)(2)明确阅读要求。课件出示:阅读要求①勾画出描写蔡老师的外貌、语言、动作、神态、心理等语句,体会语句表达的真挚感情。
(3)烘托了人物怎样的心情?作者采用写意手法,从色彩、气味、声响等方面,描绘了夏夜行船、月夜归航等画面,充满了水乡特色,很好地烘托了“我”欢畅愉悦的心情,情景交融,令人难忘。【把握文章主旨】课文结尾说:“真的,一直到现在,我实在再没有吃到那夜似的好豆,——也不再看到那夜似的好戏了。”对这个结尾应该怎样理解?你在生活中有这样的体会吗?其实那夜的戏,看得叫人“打呵欠”“破口喃喃的骂”;那夜的豆,第二天吃起来也实在平常。所谓“那夜似的好豆”“那夜似的好戏”,代表了作者对天真烂漫、自由有趣的童年美好的回忆,充满一种浪漫的理想色彩,表现对人生理想境界的渴望和追求。第二问是开放性题目,同学们可根据自己的实际情况作答。
【教学提示】最后一段是全文高潮,全文最强音,宜在分组演读后全班合读,以收到震撼人心、掷地有声的效果。2.思考:暴风雨来临之前,乌云和大海有什么变化?明确:乌云:狂风卷集着乌云——乌云越来越暗,越来越低,向海面直压下来——一堆堆乌云,像青色的火焰,在无底的大海上燃烧。大海:泛起白沫的大海——波浪在愤怒的飞沫中呼叫——大海抓住闪电的箭光。3.探究:课文以暴风雨渐次逼近为线索,按海面景象的发展变化,先后描绘了哪三个画面?在这三个画面中,海燕的表现有什么变化?明确:展示了三幅不同的画面,海燕在这三幅画面的典型环境中活动,其形象逐步完整、鲜明:第一幅,风卷云集,暴风雨将要来临,海燕高翔,渴望着暴风雨的到来;第二幅,暴风雨迫近,海燕搏击风浪,迎接暴风雨的到来;第三幅,暴风雨即临,海燕以胜利的预言家的姿态呼唤暴风雨。
明确:(1)并非指个子,隐含了永不褪色的亲情,永远割舍不了的乡情。(2)老人内心呼喊儿子,因儿子没有回应而伤心;老人年老,被儿子遗忘,透出一种深深的失落感。(3)不仅是对吃枣而言,也是对一般生活哲理的泛指,其中隐含的是对既往岁月、对传统生活、对精神家园的感情。(4)“迷路”是喻指情感的迷失、人生的迷失,表现了现代化进程中传统的失落、精神家园的失落。(5)“巧克力”具有与“枣儿”相对的文化意义和社会内涵,它是现代生活的象征。走出去的人们,往往迷恋于外在世界,忘记了回家的路,但他们最终会回来的,喧嚣之后是平静,躁动之后是安宁。(6)道德、伦理、亲情是每个人必须有的,但日益强劲的现代化浪潮却不可阻挡地席卷着一切,迫使许多人不得不放弃他们熟悉的生活。
教学目标:知识与技能目标:积累常用文言词语:实词“矜”、“颔”、“释”、“忿”、“徐”、“遣”;虚词:“尔”、“以”、“但”。过程与方法目标:培养运用所学过的知识阅读文言文的能力,培养学生质疑探究的能力。情感态度与价值观目标:感受作品中的文学形象,体会“熟能生巧”的道理。教学重点:1、课文的朗读、背诵。2、文言词的积累。3、把握人物形象,体会“熟能生巧”的道理。教学难点:1、自主阅读文言文,自行提出并解决问题。2、训练学生的拓展思维。3、由人及己,让学生从中受到教育和启发。教法学法: 诵读教学法,自主、合作、探究法。改写法。教学课时:2课时
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