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新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading and Thinking教学设计二
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading and Thinking教学设计一
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading for Writing教学设计二
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand，70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also，space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well－organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation？
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading For Writing教学设计一
另一方面，其余的人反对这个计划，因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法，我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9．From my point of view，it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much，which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来，年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的，因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展，还可以用来指导农业生产，以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活；也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力；影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意：1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点，可适当发挥，使上下文连贯；
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money- Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
Step 3 Meaning1. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should +动词原形”构成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。2. was/were going to+动词原形: 表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作, 常用于口语中, 表示预言、意图或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期开始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作, “刚要/正要做……”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾计划做某事”, 如果表示“本来计划做某事, 动作没实现”, 则需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等动词的过去进行时: 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。She was coming later. 她随后就来。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
4. A：We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B：↙Who?A：We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降调说Who，其意思是问，对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking教学设计
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5：After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The value of money-Reading and Thinking教学设计二
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8：Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading and Thinking教学设计一
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading for Writing教学设计二
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸！It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 the value of money-Reading For Writing教学设计一
【参考范文】Narrator：(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H＝Henry；B＝Barber；R＝rude manH：Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B：(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H：Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B：It's quite expensive here, you know！Are you sure you can afford it?H：Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R：Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B：All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R：Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H：Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B：This man's in a hurry. H：Well so am I！I insist that you cut my hair first. B：OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H：Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B：Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H：Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R：You're that Mr Adams! Well，I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B：Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry！(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about！Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut！It will be my honour to serve you!
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Discovering Useful Structures导学案
4．They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.[归纳]1．过去将来时的基本构成和用法过去将来时由“would＋动词原形”构成，主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中)，还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.She said that she wouldn't do that again.2．表示过去将来时的其他表达法(1)was/were going to＋动词原形：该结构有两个主要用法，一是表示过去的打算，二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。I thought it was going to rain.(2)was/were to＋动词原形：主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。She said she was to get married next month.(3)was/were about to＋动词原形：表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有“即将”的意味，所以不再与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(4)was/were＋现在分词：表示在过去看来即将发生的动作，通常可用于该结构中的动词是come，go，leave，arrive，begin，start，stop，close，open，die，join，borrow，buy等瞬间动词。Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
人教版高中政治必修4第十二课实现人生的价值教案
有的学者还指出，要坚持集体主义还必须将集体主义的价值精神与社会主义市场经济的要求结合起来，批判地继承计划经济时代倡导的集体主义，合理地对其进行体系结构的调整和内容的更新，形成新的集体主义。与传统的集体主义相比，这种新的集体主义应具有如下两个主要特点。其一，强调集体的出发点是为了维护集体成员的正当个人利益。传统的集体主义具有片面强调集体至上性、绝对性的弊端；新的集体主义必须依据社会主义市场经济的现实要求，将集体应当对个人承担的义务加以科学的阐释。真正的集体应该维护各个集体成员的个人利益，实现组成集体的各个主体的自我价值。这种新型的集体主义是对社会主义市场经济条件下社会关系的真实反映，既与个人主义有本质区别，也不同于传统的集体主义。其二，要体现道德要求的先进性与广泛性的统一。
人教版高中政治必修4第二课百舸争流的思想教案
不可知论是否认人们认识世界或彻底改造世界的可能性的哲学学说。此概念首先由英国的赫胥黎(1825—1895)于1869年提出，不可知论的思想在古代就已产生，欧洲近代的主要代表是休谟和康德。其本质是把人的感觉看作是主观和客观之间的屏障而不是桥梁，不承认在感觉之外有确实可靠的客观外部世界的存在，不懂得认识过程中本质与现象、有限与无限的辩证关系。对不可知论最有力的驳斥是实践。有时不可知论一词也用以专指针对宗教教义而提出的一种学说，认为上帝是否存在、灵魂是否不朽是不可知的。2．二元论二元论是认为世界有两个本原的哲学学说，与一元论相对立，它把物质和意识绝对对立起来，认为物质和意识是两个各自独立、相互平行发展着的实体，谁也不产生谁，谁也不决定谁，都是世界的本原。它的观点是错误的：它肯定精神不依赖于物质而独立存在，这本身就是唯心主义的观点；它虽然承认物质是独立的本原，但在说明物质和精神的关系时，又把精神说成是唯一具有能动性的力量，必然倒向唯心主义。主要代表人物是法国的笛卡儿和德国的康德。
人教版高中政治必修4第九课唯物辩证法的实质与核心教案
探究活动8(教材第72页)：“结合生活事例，谈谈你在面对复杂事物时是如何分析和解决矛盾的?”这一探究活动是在学生还不了解主次矛盾的原理时，让他们回忆自己在生活中有没有遇到过面对许多矛盾时是如何解决的经历。比如，每天面对很多作业，先做哪门课作业后做哪门作业，你是如何考虑的?在学校面对学习、体育运动和社会工作，你是怎么安排的?在生活中，你遇到这样的情况都是怎样解决的?通过探究活动，使学生弄清主次矛盾的原理，学会用矛盾分析法分析问题。探究活动9(教材第73页)：“你在生活中是如何分析具体问题的?”这一探究活动，强调的是“你”在生活中是如何运用分析法分析具体问题的，要紧紧围绕学生这一中心，首先强调具体问题具体分析的方法非常重要，这是马克思主义的一个原则，是马克思主义的活的灵魂。引导学生主动运用这种分析方法分析看待自己，分析看待社会。可以组织学生进行讨论、交流，还可以让学生撰写小论文，写出自己运用这种分析方法分析了哪些具体问题，有哪些感受。
人教版高中政治必修4第六课求索真理的历程教案
农业科学的周期是以年为时间单位，一次实验就要等到一次花开、结果。就这样，几个实验误导了袁隆平好几年。这时登在《参考消息》上的一篇不起眼的文章像给迷途中的袁隆平以当头一棒：克里克、沃森和威尔金斯发现DNA螺旋结构，西方的遗传学研究进入分子水平。“我当时还在那里搞什么无性杂交，糟糕得很”。水稻是自花授粉植物，雄蕊雌蕊都在一朵花里面，雌雄同株，没有杂种优势一杂种优势是生物界的普遍现象，小到细菌，大到人，近亲繁殖的结果是种群的退化。但是水稻因为花小，其杂交是当时公认的世界难题，设在马尼拉的世界水稻研究中心就是因为困难重重，差点关闭。袁隆平偏不信这个邪，他突发灵感：专门培养一种特殊的水稻品种——雄花退化的雄性不育系，没有自己的花粉，这样不就可以做到杂种优势了吗?于是，漫长的寻找过程开始了，要找到这样一株雄花退化而且杂交之后产量猛增的“太监”水稻简直是大海捞针。
人教版高中政治必修4第七课唯物辩证法的联系观教案
2．能力目标(1)通过本课的学习，要求着重培养学生全面地、联系地看问题和分析问题的能力；培养学生综合运用知识的能力，以及运用所学知识分析、处理和解决实际问题的能力。(2)使学生初步具有从错综复杂的联系中认识和发现事物本质的、固有的、内在的联系的能力，初步学会用全面的、联系的观点看问题的能力。(3)使学生初步具有坚持和把握整体与部分辩证关系的能力，初步具有运用系统优化的方法安排自己学习和生活的能力。在处理问题时，既要看到整体与部分之间的联系又要看到它们的区别，掌握系统优化的方法，学会运用综合性的思维方式认识事物和处理生活、学习和工作中的问题。3．情感、态度和价值观目标(1)树立唯物辩证法的联系观，自觉抵制形而上学的静止观。坚持用联系的观点看问题，自觉维护人类生存的环境，确信一切以时间、地点和条件为转移，是我们正确认识和把握事物、在认识世界和改造世界的活动中不断取得成功的关键。
人教版高中政治必修4第十课创新意识与社会进步教案
2．辩证的否定(1)辩证的否定是事物的自我否定。事物内部存在着肯定方面和否定方面，它们既对立又统一。最初，肯定方面处于支配地位，否定方面处于被支配地位。在这种情况下，事物就被肯定着。但是，在矛盾双方的斗争中，否定方面总会由弱变强。一旦否定方面由被支配地位上升为支配地位，事物就转化到了自己的对立面，实现了对事物的否定。事物最终之所以被否定，根源在于事物的内部，是事物内部的否定因素战胜了肯定因素。因此，事物的否定是自我否定。(2)辩证的否定是事物发展的环节和联系的环节。所谓发展，是指新事物的产生和旧事物的灭亡。而实现这一过程必须要对旧事物进行否定，否定实现了事物由旧质向新质的飞跃。新事物在否定旧事物时，并不是把旧事物全盘抛弃，一笔勾销。旧事物是新事物的母体，新事物从旧事物那里脱胎而来，新事物是在批判地继承旧事物中的一切积极的有生命力的因素的基础上发展起来的。这样，在新旧事物之间就存在着必然的联系。
人教版高中政治必修4第四课探究世界的本质教案
二是中国人口多、资源相对不足日益成为制约发展的突出矛盾。我国人均水资源拥有量仅为世界平均水平的1／4，600多个城市中，400多个缺水，其中110个严重缺水。我国人均耕地拥有量不到世界平均水平的40％。石油、天然气、铜和铝等重要矿产资源的人均储量分别只占世界人均水平的8．3％、4．1％、25．5％、9．7％。三是我国这20年来经济快速发展，能源浪费大、环境破坏严重等问题日益凸显，人与自然的矛盾从未像今天这样突出。无序、无度的消耗，迅速透支我们宝贵的资源。以下是来自国家环保总局的一组沉甸甸的数据。——从上世纪50到90年代，每年沙化土地扩大面积从560平方公里增加到2460平方公里，我国18个省的471个县、近4亿人口的耕地和家园正受到不同程度的荒漠化威胁。——1952年我国人均耕地2．82亩，2003年人均耕地减少到1．43亩，在各地轰轰烈烈的“圈地”热潮中仅最近7年全国耕地就减少了1亿亩，被占耕地大量闲置。
人教版高中政治必修4第五课把握思维的奥妙教案
2．人工智能、信息及其对意识论的深化现代科学的发展，特别是以信息论、控制论、电子计算机科学和脑科学相结合为理论基础的人工智能技术的发展，进一步证明了辩证唯物主义关于物质和意识的相互关系的原理，也给这种现代唯物主义提出了需要深入探索和解释的许多哲学问题。在这些问题之中，人工智能和信息尤为重要。人工智能是相对于人的自然智能而言的。所谓自然智能，是指人所特有的自觉的意识能力，特别是抽象思维能力。由于这种能力是人的一种天赋，所以将其称为人的自然智能。所谓人工智能，则指凭借电子计算机所实现的对人的某些智能的模拟，通过这种思维模拟，使人的某些智能得以再现和放大。自从电子计算机在20世纪中期问世以来，其作用越来越广泛，模拟功能越来越强，更新换代越来越快，对生产和社会生活的影响也越来越大。自50年代中期开始，人工智能便以计算机作为主要的支持手段，逐渐发展成为一门新兴的科学技术。