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请帮我一下吧 说课稿
一、教材分析《请帮我一下吧》是统编教材小学《道德与法治》一年级下册第四单元第14课，共有四个话题，本节课学习的是后两个话题《我会求助》和《温暖的“接力棒”》，主要是引导学生学习如何向人求助，领悟帮助他人的价值与意义，旨在引导学生懂得生活中受助于人和帮助别人，体会在和谐互助的社会生活的温暖。二、学情分析学会求助的基本技能，懂得不仅要能，懂得感恩，也要学会帮助他人，让友爱与互助精神得到传递养成互相帮助的好习惯，为学生的健康成长奠定基础。一年级的学生年纪小，独立性相对较差，他们在家中备受宠爱，很多家长对孩子的生活、学习等事务都一手包办,以至于遇到困难时有的过度依赖，有的不愿意向别人求助，有的不敢向别人求助。因此，要通过有效的教学，帮助引导学生学会求助，懂得互帮互助。三、教学目标与重难点基于教材、学情的分析，以及对小学道德与法治课程的理解，我确定了本节课的教学目标与重难点。教学目标我确定了三个。1.学会求助的基本技能。2.懂得互相帮助的价值和意义。3. 养成互相帮助的好习惯。
奖励一下自己? 说课稿
一、说教材本课是二年级《道德与法治》第四单元最后一课，通过两年的学习，每个学生都获得不同程度的进步和成长，所以这一课依据课程标准“愉快、积极地生活”，旨在引导学生对此进行梳理总结，发现自己的优点和长处，并为自己在学习中取得的进步感到高兴和自豪，确立成长的自信，以此激励自己不断进步。同时，引导学生过有计划的生活，明确自己下一步发展任务，以积极地心态、有准备地面对中年级的过渡。 说学情： 本课主要引导学生对自己两年来的成长与进步进行梳理与总结，总结具有抽象性和概括性，对低年级的学生来说，具有一定的难度。两年的时间，跨度长，如何有效引导进行比较；如何准确发现目前存在的问题，不是简单地文本迁移并将抽象的发展目标落实为具体的能力发展，都是在教学中需要解决的问题。二、说教学目标： 1、学会根据自己所做的正确事，来奖励自己； 2、不只是奖励自己，还要学会奖励周围的同学，伙伴； 3、我们都有需要努力的地方，学会设个未来奖，争取以后做的更好。 教学重难点：学会根据自己所做的正确事，来奖励自己，还要学会奖励周围的同学，伙伴
我是一张纸 说课稿
一、依标扣本，说教材本课是统编版二年级下册《道德与法治》第三单元“环保小卫士”中的第三课。本课通过“我是一张纸”树立节约用纸，保护环境的意识。它包括“你找到我了吗”、“我从哪里来”、“我的苦与乐”三个板块。本节课主要围绕着前两个板块进行，旨在引导学生从自己身边触手可感的资源出发,了解纸张的来源及纸张在生活中的重要作用，明确纸张来之不易，而且与我们的生活息息相关。二、以人为本，说学情二年级的孩子由于年龄较小，生活经验也较少。他们对于纸的认识比较模糊，不明白纸张的来之不易以及浪费纸产生的环保问题。在本节课的教学中，我根据学生的心理和认知特点，在生活的场景中，认识纸、了解纸的制作过程，养成节约用纸、保护环境的习惯。教学目标：1.知道纸在生活中无处不在，感受纸与生活息息相关。2.认识到节约资源、保护环境、人人有责。3.能从节约用纸做起，节约资源，保护环境。4.能尝试创新，过有创意的生活。
我想和你们一起玩 说课稿
一、依标扣本，说教材《我想和你们一起玩》是人教版道德与法制一年级下册第四单元《我们在一起》中的第一课。本课重点引导学生体会学校生活的快乐，培养学生的乐群意识，喜欢和同龄人一起玩，学会结交新伙伴，大胆尝试融入伙伴的游戏。为了更好地培养学生道德与法治的核心素养，结交新伙伴，融入游戏的教学素材，彰显了绘本的教学助力功能。很好地实现了学习沟通方法，培养乐群情感的教学目标。二、以人为本，说学情同伴交往对学生的成长非常重要，交往能力的获得是在交往活动中实现的。学生在学校生活一年后，要重新面对很多的新同学，有的同学非常活跃，各个小群体都会与他有交集，而有的同学则不同，只和几个小朋友玩，很不易融入其他群体。为此引导一年级学生的群体交往行为，及时对他们进行乐群习惯的引导，培养学生的交往技能。教学时教学方法应灵活多样，引导学生之间合作学习，从而使得学生们轻松愉快地完成教学任务。教学目标：1. 让学生喜欢和同学在一起，体验和同学一起玩的愉悦，感受集体生活的快乐。2. 培养初步的群体观念和合作意识，了解与人交往的方式、方法。3. 主动参与到其他同学的活动中，能够积极的融入到集体生活中去。
节约是一种美德-说课稿
尊敬的各位领导，各位老师：大家好！我是京城希望小学学校的xxx。今天我说课的题目是《勤俭节约》。下面我将从说教材、说教法、说学法、说教学过程这几个方面进行说课。一、说教材（一）教材的地位作用勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德，在今天的社会里，培养学生养成勤俭节约的好习惯更为意义深长，刻不容缓。现在的学生们，有好多学生和家庭生活懒惰、奢侈、爱攀比。为把勤俭节约意识渗透到学生的日常行为习惯中去，并结合我校“养成教育”主题特色, 我在五年级学生中展开了“勤俭节约”这堂课。勤俭节约是我校五年级校本课程的第十课。（二）教学目标在本节课，我将致力于将本课程与中华传统美德教育相结合，将中华民族传统美德赋予新的内涵，以中华传统美德的道德力量，塑造学生的人格，指导学生的实践。因此我制定了以下几个目标：1．知道勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德。2．懂得爱惜物品，勤俭节约要从我做起，从现在做起，从点滴做起。3．培养学生养成良好的节俭习惯，增强学生的节俭意识。（三）教学重难点的确立：教育的本质任务是育人。人的成长中，良好的行为习惯养成是基础。有了良好的行为习惯，就能促进德智体美各方面全面发展。所以我将本课的重点确立为：懂得爱惜物品，勤俭节约是中华民族的美传统德，能够从现在做起，从点滴做起。教学难点为：培养学生养成良好的节俭习惯，增强学生的节俭意识。
《民族团结一家亲》说课稿
二、说目标:1、 意识目标:学习民族知识、了解民族风情,民族政策,准确对待民族抵触,从而进一步加强作为当代中学生咱们该为民族发展,祖国的富强尽本人应尽的义务的意识.2、 行为目的:学生能自发保护民族团结,酷爱国度,不做有损民族团结的行动.3、 感情目标:对学生进行民族团结教导,使每个学生对民族常识的懂得有所进步.懂得尊重民族风气,学习一种民族代表行的文明情势,亲自体验民族文化的魅力.培育学生民族友爱的情绪.三、说筹备:1、召开会议阐明举行这次班会的目标及意思,主持人男女各一名,诗歌朗读两名,报告者一名,文艺委员组织当真预备编排歌曲、跳舞、故事等.2、收集少数民族服饰,民族歌曲,民族故事,民族矛盾,民族政策的材料,征集我们身边的民族团结的事例.3、老师准备好教养课件.
节约是一种美德说课稿
2．情境体验“生活中不经意间就会造成浪费，请同学们先看下面一些数字。”课件出示一组数据，通过一连串的数字让孩子们在强烈的震撼中感受到节俭的重要性。“多么惊人的数字，让我们深刻地反思自己的行为。再来看看他们的做法，你认同吗？如果是你，你会怎么做。”课件展示三个情境图，学生体会。特别在展示第三组图片时，在音乐下我深情并茂地讲述：“简陋的校舍，狭小的教室，粗糙的课桌椅，凹凸不平的黑板……有的甚至教室都没有！西南地区上，干涸的双唇、裂开的土地、夹杂泥沙的饮用水，多么地让人心痛！我们在浪费的同时，他们却是那么的渴望！同学们，看了这三组情境图，说说你的想法？”鼓励学生畅所欲言，发表意见。本环节中，我通过调查分析——谈感想——观看数字—看图——比较——再谈感想的过程，让学生把节约意识渗透到现实生活中，懂得节约应从小事做起，从一点一滴做起。
开展《吸烟有害健康》主题班会教案八篇
（一）为何禁止青少年吸烟：根据世界卫生组织的统计，在世界各地每8秒钟就有一人死于与吸烟有关的疾病，每年有近500 万人因吸烟致死。这一数字在未来20 年中将有可能增加一倍。吸烟已经成为世界上最主要的致死因素之一。我国是一个烟草大国，目前吸烟人数约为3.2亿。在控制未成年人吸烟这个问题上，政府做了大量的工作，并于去年11月10日签署了联合国《烟草控制框架公约》，这一公约将于今年2月28日正式生效。但一个不容回避的事实是：在我国，未成年人吸烟率呈上升趋势，未成年人开始吸烟的年龄在下降，每天有8 万左右青少年成为长期烟民。这种状况不但影响了孩子的健康成长，而且严重影响我国整体国民身体素质的提高，所以未成年人吸烟问题越来越引起社会的广泛关注。
第十一周国旗下讲话稿：学习是一种责任
尊敬的各位领导、老师，亲爱的同学们：大家早上好！我是一年三班的xx。在开始今天的国旗下讲话之前，我先给大家诵读一段《三字经》，“犬守夜，鸡司晨。苟不学，曷为人。蚕吐丝，蜂酿蜜。人不学，不如物”。你们知道这段话的意思吗？这段话的意思是：狗知道在夜间替人守卫门户，公鸡知道每天早晨鸣叫报晓。人如果不知道用心学习，还有什么资格称为人呢？蚕吐丝可以供人们做衣服，蜜蜂酿蜜可以供人们食用。人要是不学习，那连动物都不如了。雄鸡报晓，蜜蜂酿蜜，春雨润万物，瑞雪兆丰年，世间万物都有自己的责任。同学们，作为学生，我们的责任是什么呢？对，是学习，所以今天我国旗下讲话的题目就是“学习是一种责任”。自古以来就有“补漏趁天晴，读书趁少年”、“花有重开日，人无再少年”的古训，由此可见学习的重要性。同学们，既然我们走进了学校的大门，就必须担当起自己的学习责任。那么，你承担起这份责任了吗?上课你认真听讲了吗？课后你认真、及时完成作业了吗？遇到难题你不逃避而是认真思考或请教他人吗？
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations教学设计二
1. Ss look at the picture and scan the passage to understand the main idea while teacher is giving the following questions to inspire Ss to think.*Where are those people?*What are they doing?*Why are they so excited?2. Ss complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form. Then discuss and check the answers with class.Answers: boring, interesting, taking, exciting, amazing3. The teacher raises questions for the students to discuss and encourages them to express their opinions.*Do you like La Tomatina? Why or why not?4. Each group representative reports the discussion result, the teacher gives feedback and the evaluation.Step 6 PracticeActivity 41. Ss complete the Ex 2 in Using structures.2. Check the answers after finishing the exercises.①The dragon boat races are the most exciting part of the Dragon Boat Festival.② The children were excited to go Easter egg hunting.③What an amazing performance! This is the best music festival I have ever been to.④We were amazed by her funny-looking hat.⑤His inspiring speech at the conference won the admiration/ favour of the audience.⑥This is a challenging game to test your memory and observation capabilities. 3. T asks Ss to finish Ex 3 and 4 in Using structures by themselves, then check the answers with class.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作定语和表语的功能和意义；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否在理解文段内容的基础上，根据上下文语境和表达逻辑，能正确运用动词-ing形式描述节日庆典。3、通过本节内容学习，学生是否归纳和积累用于表达情绪的相关词汇。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues教学设计二
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否结合文本特点总结林巧稚的人生原则和人格品质特征；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否针对人生抉择发表自己的看法；能否全面地、客观地、理性地看待问题，进而对道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations教学设计三
*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.）Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否结合文本特点快速而准确地找到主题句；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否理清论说文的语篇结构和文本逻辑，了解节日风俗发展与变迁，感悟节日的内涵与意义。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues教学设计三
The joke set her crying.这个玩笑使她哭起来。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作宾语补足语语和状语语的功能和意义；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否正确使用动词-ing形式描述人物的行为、动作及其经历；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否独立完成练习册和导学案中的相关练习。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues教学设计四
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否通过人物言行的对比分析道德故事的深层内涵；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否根据故事的起因、经过和结果来深入理解故事的情节，从而了解文章的层次结构；4、结合现实生活案例发表自己的见解和看法,写一篇观点明确、层次分明的故事评论。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures教学设计三
The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.价格与战前相同。(4)定语从句中的“关系代词＋助动词be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹订的那张票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握省略的用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否根据上下文语境或情景恢复句子中省略的成分，体会使用省略的效果；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否独立完成练习册和导学案中的相关练习。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures教学设计二
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否结合文本特点了解文章的结构和作者的写作逻辑；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否了解旧金山的城市风貌、文化特色，以及加利福尼亚州的历史，体会多元文化对美国的影响。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures教学设计四
该板块的活动主题是“介绍一个有显著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。该板块通过介绍中国城继续聚焦中国文化。本单元主题图呈现的是旧金山中国城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中国城,为该板块作铺垫。介绍中国城的目的主要是体现中国文化与美国多元文化的关系,它是美国多元文化的重要组成部分。中国城也是海外华人的精神家园和传播中国文化的重要窗口,外国人在中国城能近距离体验中国文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 4 Reading and thinking教学设计
【词汇精讲】highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;强调;使醒目One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.这次旅行的亮点之一是参观泰姬陵。Your resume should highlight your skills and achievements.你的简历应该突出你的技能和成就。The report highlights the major problems facing society today.报告强调了当今社会所面临的主要问题。I’ve highlighted the important passages in yellow.我用黄色标出了重要段落。7.Edmonton is freezing cold in winter,with daily temperatures averaging -10 ℃.埃德蒙顿冬季寒冷,日平均气温为-10°C。【词汇精讲】freezing adj.极冷的;冰冻的Leave a basin of water outside in freezing weather.在冰冻的天气里,放一盆水在室外。It’s freezing cold outside so wear a warm coat.外面超冷的,所以穿一个暖和一点的外套吧。8.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto.直到上午9时30分,他们才终于到达多伦多的首府安大略省。【句式剖析】本句是一个强调句,强调的是句子的时间状语until 9:30。含有not...until...的句子的强调句为It is not until...that...,that后面的句子要用肯定形式。It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 3 Learning about Language教学设计
1. We'll need ten months at least to have the restaurant decorated.2.Some traditional Chinese dishes from before the Ming Dynasty are still popular today.3.My grandpa's breakfast mainly includes whole grain biscuits and a glass of milk.4.People in this area would eat nearly a kilo of cheese per week.5. We enjoyed a special dinner in a fancy restaurant where the waiters all wore attractive suits.6. He prefers this brand of coffee which, as he said, has an unusually good flavor.Key:1. at a minimum 2. prior to3. consist of4. consume5. elegant6. exceptionalStep 5：Familiarize yourself with some food idioms by matching the meaning on the right with the colored words on the left.1.Public concern for the health of farm animals has mushroomed in the UK2.Anderson may be young but he's certainly rolling to doing dough!3.George is a popular lecturer. He often peppers his speech with jokes.4.As the person to bring home the bacon, he needs to find a stable job.5 He is often regarded as a ham actor for his over emphasized facial expressions. The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato. 6.The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato.7.Don't worry about the test tomorrow. It's going to be a piece of cake!8. It's best to fold the swimming ring when it is as flat as a pancake.A. completely flatB. something that is very easy to do C.an issue that is hard to deal withD.to include large numbers of somethingE.to earn on e's living to support a familyF. wealthyG.to rapidly increase in numberH. an actor who performs badly, especially by over emphasizing emotions
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 2 Learning about Language教学设计
The activity theme of this section is to design various activities around the key words in the first text. Therefore, the activities require students to pay attention to the spelling of words. On the other hand, let students grasp the meaning of words more accurately through sentences and short texts. This kind of teaching design also helps to improve the ability of using English thinking.1. Cultivating students' ability to use word formation to induce and memorize vocabulary, and the ability to use lexical chunks to express meaning.2. Guide the students to think independently and use the correct form of words to complete sentences3. Cultivate students' habit of using lexical chunks to express language completely, guide students to draw words in sentences quickly, pay attention to word collocation, so as to accumulate more authentic expressions4. Instruct students to create sentences with the chunks.1. Enable students to use the language points in the real situation or specific contexts flexibly and appropriately.2. Guiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Think of a word that best fits each definition.1. to remember sth2.to accept, admit, or recognize sth or the truth/existence of sth3. the process of changing sth or yourself to suit a new situation4 .to make sb feel less worried or unhappy5. a strong desire to achieve sth
