另一方面,文化素质影响公民政治权利的行使。随着民主和法制建设的发展,人们为了参与政治生活,需要更高的文化素养。文化水平提高了,人们受到的教育、接受的信息就越多,活动的领域就越广,民主法制和权利意识就越强,这些都会影响人们的民主素质和民主水平,使人们更好地进行政治参与,行使民主权利。(2)文化与国际政治相互交融,成为当代国际政治斗争的重要内容。随着世界多极化的发展,奉行霸权主义的国家,借助文化渗透的方式,竭力推销自己的价值观念,企图削弱和取代别国的民族文化,以推行强权政治。这使世界范围内反对文化霸权主义的斗争,成为当代国际政治斗争的重要内容。文化已经成为进行政治斗争、国际斗争的重要形式之一。对文化市场的争夺不仅仅是争夺票房价值、争夺经济效益,更主要的是对受众对象的争夺,对受众注意力这种特殊的稀缺资源的占有,以及在此基础上对舆论的控制与引导。因此,失去文化市场就意味着失去政治优势,意味着政治影响力的边缘化乃至萎缩或丧失。这一点,从目前世界正在进行的空前规模的“文化战争”,可以看得非常清楚。
◇小辞典:绿色阅读随着知识经济时代的到来,全球化信息浪潮正铺天盖地席卷而来。尤其足随着我国加入世贸组织由梦想变为现实,同国外进行频繁而广泛的经济文化交流,在所难免。在大量文化信息面前,就像物质生活中倡导绿色食品一样,对于精神食粮,也应该倡导绿色阅读。绿色阅读,是一种无污染的有利于人健康文明生活的阅读。文化就像大自然那种绿色带给我们永久愉悦一样,它是高科技竞争中源源不断地给我们充电的高效营养库,是一个沙漠中穿行人身心交瘁时望到的一片绿洲,是一个人葆有的、没有受到任何污染的、永远都清如许的“半亩方塘”。◇课堂练习:在我国,必须大力倡导“爱国守法、明礼诚信、团结友善、勤俭自强、敬业奉献,的基本道德规范。这些基本道德规范()①是我国社会主义文化建设的重要内容②是我国社会主义社会的重要特征③是我国社会主义道德的重要体现④是社会主义经济建设的唯一精神动力
①含义:即国家管理形式,是国家政权的组织形式②政体的必要性和重要性A、行使职能B、维护其根本利益掌握国家政权的阶级为实现政治统治、行使社会管理职能,必然要采取某种形式组织政权机关。统治阶级为维护其根本利益,总是力求采用最有效的政权组织形式。3、国体与政体的关系(板书)(1)、政体的多样性(2)、国体与政体的关系①国体决定政体,并通过一定的政体来体现;政体体现国体,并服务于特定的国体。适当的政体能够巩固国体,不适当的政体会危害国体。补充:政体由国体决定并反映国体,国体是主要的方面。但是,政体也具有一定的独立性,影响它形成的因素主要有:历史条件、阶级力量对比、传统习惯、国际环境影响等。②专政政体国体与政体,即是国家制度中内容与形式两个方面(3)从国体、政体两个方面看民主制国家补充:专政即是主要依靠暴力实行的统治,它与民主相对立,属于国体的范畴,而专制则与法制相对立,属于政体的范畴。
国会一直在政治生活中居于主导地位;到了当代,则是总统居于主导地位。由于司法机关无权直接支配社会力量和财富,相比之下,联邦法院力量向来较弱。第二次世界大战后,由于美国一直追逐全球霸权,美国总统的战争权力更加强化,向海外派遣军队的次数更加频繁。美国人民日益觉察到这种不断增长的“帝王般总统职位”可能带来的危险。2、三权分立制的本质——是一种资产阶级民主制度美国的三权分立制本质上是一种资产阶级民主制度。二百多年的历史经验表明,它有效地维护了美国资产阶级的统治。但是,广大劳动人民不可能在这种制度下享有真正的民主。虽然三大权力机关之间互相制约、平衡,却没有一个代表人民意志的权力机关,因而不可能实现人民群众的多数人统治。◇本框题小结:◇3个3种权力:3种权力即立法权、行政权和司法权;3个弊端:即三权分立原则的3 个弊端;3个中央政权机构即立法机关、行政机关和司法机关;◇2个原因:即确立三权分立原则的原因◇1个本质:即三权分立原则的本质
中国加人世贸组织承担的义务主要包括:进一步降低关税;取消非关税贸易壁垒;取消被禁止的出口补贴;开放国内市场,特别是服务市场;扩大对知识产权的保护范围;放宽和改善外资政策;增加贸易政策的透明度等。履行这些义务对中国提出了挑战。中国加入世贸组织后,享受多边、无条件、稳定的最惠国待遇和国民待遇;参与世贸组织各机构的所有会议;参与贸易政策审议,对贸易伙伴的贸易政策进行质询和监督;利用世贸组织的争端解决机制解决贸易纠纷;参与新一轮多边贸易谈判,制定多边贸易规则;享受发展中国家特有的权益。②意义:中国正充分行使这些权利,积极主动地参与、加强和发展多边贸易体制,推动建立公平、合理的国际经济新秩序,维护国家利益。相关链接:2005年7月.中国倡议的WTO小型部长级会议在大连召开,世贸组织总干事和三十多个成员的代表出席会议。
(2)、中国坚持以互利合作实现共同繁荣----促进共同发展中国坚持以互利合作实现共同繁荣。中国连续担任经社理事会理事国,积极参与经社系统有关经济和社会发展的重要国际会议和其他活动并承办了联合国第四次世界妇女大会。中国积极推动南北对话和南南合作,敦促发达国家为实现全球普遍、协调、均衡发展承担更多责任。中国加人多项国际人权公约并认真履行公约义务,与联合国人权事务高级专员保持良好合作,与多国展开人权对话。相关链接:1995年9月,联合国第四次世界妇女大会在北京举行。来自197个国家和地区以及众多国际组织的1.76万名代表围绕会议主题“以行动谋求平等、发展与和平”展开热烈讨论。会议通过了《北京宣言》和《行动纲领》,为全球妇女事业的发展注入了新的活力。
一、教材分析《意识的本质》是人教版高中政治必修四第5章第1框的教学内容,主要学习意识是客观存在的反映。二、 教学目标1.知识目标:识记意识的本质;理解意识是物质世界长期发展的产物、意识是人脑的机能、意识是客观存在的反映。2.能力目标:通过对意识起源和本质的原理学习,使学生逐步确立辨证唯物注意的意识观,具有正确认识意识现象、分辨物质和意识的界限、把握二者之间辨证关系的能力。3.情感、态度和价值观目标:牢固树立物质决定意识,意识对物质具有反作用的思想观点,坚定辨证唯物主义的信仰。三、教学重点难点意识的本质四、学情分析本框题的内容比较简单,主要是为学习第二框意识的作用作铺垫和准备的,所以,教师在讲这节课时不要在具体内容上花过多的时间。
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with reading for writing a letter of advice. Students are expected to learn the knowledge about how to write a suggestion letter. The teacher is expected to enable students to master some writing skills concerning suggestion letters and learn to write one.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of how to write a suggestion letter properly.2. Enable students to use some writing skills flexibly.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.【教学重难点】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the skills of writing a suggestion letter2.How to enable students to write a good recommendation letter using some writing skills properly.【教学过程】Step 1: Lead in Begin the class with the lead-in questions: how to write a letter for advice? What kinds of aspects should be included? It is strongly recommended that the teacher should ask students to discuss the topic freely with their partners and brainstorm some ideas concerning the topic. In this way, students can come up with more ideas and avoid being nervous at the beginning of the class.Step 2: Read to discover details concerning advice letters’ writing style.The teacher is expected to ask students to read a letter offering some advice on page 18 silently and then request students to discuss the questions below.
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游计划是一种常见的应用文写作。旅游可分为观光游、文化游、美食游及探险游等不同类型,因此旅游计划也要根据不同的旅游目的进行设计。常规的旅游计划需要明确以下几个方面的问题:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 为了提升旅行计划的层级,还需注意以下几个方面的问题:1.每段是否有明确清晰的主题;2.用一般现在时代替一般将来时;3.用更高级的形容词词汇。例如:表达“好”时,不要总用“nice”,我们还可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表达更具有指向性的词汇;4.用更高级的动词词汇。比如:我们可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
2. Sort out detailed information about Michael Jordan.(1) Understand the transitional sentence.Q: Which part is about Michael Jordan as a master? Which part is about the example he set?(2) Have the Ss Focus on why Michael Jordan is a master and what good examples Michael Jordan set when they’re reading. And think about these questions as below:Q1: How does the author describe his impressive skills?Q2: How do you understand “time seemed to stand still”?Q3: What does “graceful” mean?Q4. Which sentence do you think best describes his mental strength?Q5. Which words is important in the sentence in describing his mental strength? Why?Q6: How do you understand “unique”?Q7: What can we learn from Michael Jordan?Step 5 Discussing and recommendingRecommend their own living legends of sports.Work in groups to choose your own living legend of sports and give the reasons of your choice. Step 6 HomeworkReview the stories of Lang Ping and Michael Jordan, and try to retell them.
①标题——标题应当简洁明了。②导语——导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话,简明扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。③主体——主体是消息的主要部分,要用充足的事实表现主题,对导语的内容作进一步的展开和阐述。④结束语——通常是对全文内容进行概括性的总结。3. 新闻报道增分句子(1)陈述事实常用的句型:①A terrible storm hit/struck ... , killing ..②It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings fell down and roads were destroyed, leaving a great many people homeless.地震发生在一个凉爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌,道路被毁,许多人无家可归。③With the help of the rescue team, people who were the trapped in the flood were saved.在救援队的帮助下,困在洪水中的人们得救了。(2)陈述观点常用的句型:①Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.显然/在我看来/似乎人们震惊了。②The whole city was in ruins after the earthquake.地震后整个城市成了一片废墟。(3)揭示原因常用的句型:Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.
【教材分析】高考听力材料的选用非常重视语言真实性和交际性的原则,语言材料一般来源于实际生活,对话的内容大都取材于日常生活,即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、天气、生活环境等话题,可分为校园、公共场所、家庭等方面,如: shopping, finding the way, doing one’s homework, seeing a doctor, making a phone call, weather report, asking for different kinds of information等。新教材的特点就是利用生活中真实文本,只是降低难度,让学生注重语言的应用,将是我们高考把握方向的重要因素。【教学目标与核心素养】学习能力目标:在听力当中,学生应该有效规划学习方法,选择恰当的策略与方法。这节课的训练目标是让学生有正确的预测和抓住问题的关键信息,从而用心去听来找寻关键信息。根据生活中实际情况和高考常见语境,我们不难发现提前预测和抓住题干中的w很重要,即what, where, when, why等等。
5. Read to get detailed information about Paragraph 5.Q1. What shows the revival of Tangshan?Q2. How can Tangshan revive itself and get up on its feet again?Q3. In times of disasters, how can we go through it?T: In times of disasters, we should unify, show the wisdom and stay positive.Step 4 Activity 4 Highlighting the theme and reflecting1. Make a summary of the text.2. Further understand the titleQ: After our learning, why do you think the earth didn’t sleep on that night?T: An earthquake happened. The people in the earthquake suffered a lot, and the people outside Tangshan were concerned about the people there a lot.3. Reflect through discussion on what can be learnt after reading.T: Disasters are powerful. Unpreparedness can be deadly. Life is weak, but if people work together to help each other, disasters can be defeated.There is no love from disaster, but we have love in the human heart.Step 5 Assignment How does the writer convey that the earthquake was deadly, and that people were helpless during the earthquake? Try to find some attractive and impressive expressions and note them down.
【教材分析】本节课是高中英语第一册的最后一个单元的阅读和思考部分,文章难度明显增加,体现在以下几个方面:文章题材是说明文,比较难理解;话题生疏,涉及到历史等知识;生词量增大,而且在语境中理解词汇的要求提高。面对这些,教师的难度和高度也要有所提升,通过探讨说明顺序,了解背景知识等帮助他们找到说明文阅读的方法。【教学目标与核心素养】1. 文化意识目标新课程中指出,文化意识是对中外文化的理解和对优秀文化的认同。文化意识的的培养有助于学生增加国家认同和家国情怀,成为有文明素养和社会责任感的人。我们这个单元很好体现了这一点,通过了解汉字书写的体系和发展,学生可以有一种文化自豪感,同时也能够帮助学生深入挖掘这篇文章,从而想到更多和中国文化相关的方面。2. 学习能力目标
Step 2 New WordsUse ppt to show some words from the passage.Tell the students to remember the meanings.Step3 Skimming and Thinking1. Skim the text and decide which order Han Jing follows to talk about her first day. Time order or place order?Time order2. What is Han Jing worried about before she goes to senior high school?She is worried about whether she will make new friends and if no one talks to her, what she should do.Step 4 Fast Reading1. Match the main ideas with each paragraphParagraph 1:The worries about the new school day Paragraph 2Han Jing’s first maths classParagraph 3Han Jing’s first chemistry classParagraph 4Han Jing’s feelings about her first senior school dayStep 5 Careful Reading1. Fill in the chart with the words and phrases about Han Jing’s day. Answers: Senior high school, a little nervous; Her first maths class, classmates and teachers, friendly and helpful; Chemistry lab; new; great; annoying guy; Confident; a lot to explore2. Read the text again and discuss the questions.1) Why did Han Jing feel anxious before school?Because she was a new senior high student and she was not outgoing. What was more, she was worried about whether she can make friends.2) How was her first maths class?It was difficult but the teacher was kind and friendly. 3) What happened in the chemistry class? What would you do if this happened to you? A guy next to Han Jing tried to talk with her and she couldn’t concentrate on the experiment.
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本节语法思考:定语从句在复合句中的作用是什么? 关系词有哪些?定语从句在复合句中的作用相当于形容词,它在句中作定语修饰名词或代词。他们在先行词和定语从句之间起到联系作用,同时在意义上代表先行词并在定语从句中担任一个成分。被定语从句所修饰的词称先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.
This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.
The listening and speaking part aims at how to protect and help endangered animals by listening, speaking and talking about the facts and reasons. This lesson analyzes the decreasing clause of Tibetan antelope population and the measures of protecting Tibetan antelopes. So students can be guided to learn to analyse the title and use different reading skills or strategies, like scanning, skimming and careful reading.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.Step 1 Leading-inWatch a video about elephants and whales and then ask:Why are they endangered ? They are killed/hunted
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.” Due to the continuous deterioration of the living environment, a large number of wild animals are always facing the threat of endangered or extinction. Listening and speaking period enables students to understand the fact and reason why wild species are disappearing from the earth at an amazing speed, and realize that human beings ought to enhance the awareness of protecting wild species as soon as possible.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of " how to help wildlife in Ss’ neighborhood.". Now there are many volunteers who spontaneously protect wild animals, carry out various activities according to local conditions, and contribute their own strength to local animal protection with practical actions. Middle school students are also enthusiastic participants. They organize activities in their spare time, and take this opportunity to make friends, broaden their horizons, cultivate team spirit and communication skills. This section describes a bird watching activity organized by several middle school students of Bird watching Club. It aims to stimulate students' interest, improve their understanding of bird watching activities, and use the language structure of “being used for; in order to, so as to, to, so that, in order that ” to express the purpose for communication and discussion.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of using visuals to predict content.2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I am concerned about…” “what do you know about the endangered animals in…" and so on to talk about one of the endangered animals.
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