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人教版高中历史必修2交通工具和通讯工具的进步教案
★教后记：历史教学的最高目标不是单纯的记忆和培养能力，而是树立正确的历史观，培养学生的历史责任感。从这一点讲，新课标及新课标教材给老师极大的发挥空间，摆脱了以往的“教教材”，真正实现了 “用教材教”，只有这样，教师才不只是一个“备课”的“教书匠”，而是一名设计教学“设计师”，以教材为砖瓦，建造有自己独特风格的教育大厦。这是我设计教学的出发点。开放式的课堂需要思想开放的教师，但对教师的课堂驾驭能力要求更高，否则“一放就活，一活就乱”，只求课堂热闹，热闹过后，学生一无所获，那么这样的开放课堂依然是失败的。开放式的课堂并不是任由学生说，教师必要的引导与客观的评价尤为重要。★问题解答⊙【学思之窗】请谈谈，火车机车的不断改进，给国民经济发展、百姓生活带来怎样的影响？答案提示：运输量大，有利于各地区的物资交流和劳动力流动，促进经济发展；交通便利快捷；机车内部环境舒适，给百姓出行带来方便。
人教版高中历史必修2战后资本主义的新变化教案2篇
1、知识与能力：（1）识记：20 世纪 50 ～70 年代国家干预经济的政策、 70年代的经济“滞胀”“混合经济”；福利国家；第三产业的蓬勃发展；“新经济”的出现；（2）理解当代资本主义的新变化的实质是资本主义的自我扬弃，是在资本主义内部的自我改善，是资本主义生产关系的自我调整；（3）掌握以美国为代表的主要资本主义国家在战后的经济发展历程，分析各国经济发展的共同原因。2、过程与方法：（1）引导学生利用教材和相关史料，培养归纳、再现历史事件的能力，提高学生的历史思维能力；通过讨论提高学生的思辨能力，培养学生全面客观地分析问题的思维方式。（2）学生通过观察1977年发达国家国有经济比重表，懂得提取有效信息、分析数据的能力；（3）学生通过思考讨论西方福利制度的利弊，培养全面、客观分析和比较历史现象，辩证地观察和分析历史问题的能力。
人教版高中历史必修2战后资本主义世界经济体系的形成教案
②其他货币与美元挂钩：即各会员国货币对美元的汇率按各自货币的含金量与美元确定固定比价。各国货币与美元的汇率可按各国货币含金量与美元含金量之比来确定，这称为法定汇率。例如，1946年一英镑的含金量为3．58134克，一美元的含金量为0．888671克，则英镑和美元的含金量之比1英镑＝4．03美元就是法定汇率。这一规定，使美元等同于黄金，美元从此有了“美金”的说法；与美元比起来，其他国家的货币处于从属地位，确立了美元在国际货币体系中的中心地位、主导地位正如当时美国财政部长福勒所说：“各个行星围绕着太阳转，各国货币围绕着美元转。”小结： “布雷顿森林体系”是一个以美元为中心的世界货币体系，美国通过布雷顿森林体系，掌握了资本主义世界的经济命脉。（2）影响：①为世界货币关系提供了统一的标准和基础，有利于维持战后世界货币体系的正常运转，为世界经济的恢复和发展创造了条件。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
1. 表示时间。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示让步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意：非谓语动词作状语时, 如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致, 动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语, 通常由名词或代词来担任, 这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角）left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Reading for Writing教学设计
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Reading and Thinking教学设计
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案：1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的状语)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的状语)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的状语)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定语)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定语)Summary:1. 不定式的结构：to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子，我们知道在描述太空探索时，动词不定式不仅可以用来表目的，还可以用来作定语，表修饰。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking＆Talking教学设计二
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading and Thinking教学设计二
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking教学设计
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5：After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The value of money-Reading and Thinking教学设计二
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8：Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading and Thinking教学设计一
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading for Writing教学设计二
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸！It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
人教版高中地理必修2传统工业区与新工业区教案
1.通过对德国鲁尔工业区、我国的辽中南工业区的案例分析和比较，让学生理解传统工业地域形成的主要区位条件和衰落的原因；2.结合鲁尔工业区产生的环境污染等局面，理解工业生产活动对地理环境的影响，并探讨综合整治的措施；3.通过对意大利中部和东北部工业区、美国“硅谷”的案例分析和比较，让学生理解新工业地域形成的主要区位条件和衰落的原因；4.结合新工业地域和地理环境的关系，加深学生对工业生产活动对地理环境的影响的理解。【教学重、难点及解决办法】重点：分析工业区位因素，举例说明工业地域的形成条件与发展特点难点：结合实例说明工业生产活动对地理环境的影响解决方法：比较归纳法 知识迁移应用 案例分析法 自主学习与合作探究 【教学准备】多媒体课件缺勤登记：
人教版高中地理必修2绿色食品知多少精品教案
生1：加强对绿色食品的宣传和扶持力度。当前的形势迫切要求我们发展绿色食品，因为绿色食品是真正实现可持续发展的，做到了发展经济和环境保护相结合，而且有利于增进人民身体健康。但目前绿色食品在市场上难成气候，主要是宣传和扶持不够。生2：绿色食品对环境、生长过程、加工过程以及运输等过程都有很严格的要求，很多环境相对优良的地区都是边远落后地区，必须给予政策上的扶持和优惠，才能降低成本，市场发展前景才会更加广阔。活动与探究对当地绿色食品市场情况作调查并初步分析。活动的实施过程：1．确定调查研究的目标并制定调查研究的计划。市场调查要深入广大消费者，可以去市场上做调查，‘对象包括消费者和经营者。形式可以是问卷，也可以是现场采访。弄清楚被调查者对绿色食品的态度，是否了解食用绿色食品的意义，是否懂得鉴别绿色食品等。对象力求涉及各个年龄段，多种职业。2．对问卷调查进行整理、分析，得出结论。
人教版高中地理必修2工业的区位因素与区位选择教案
⑴ 原料、燃料对工业区位的影响逐渐减弱，市场对工业区位的影响逐渐加强； ⑵交通运输条件对工业具有很大的吸引力，在沿海沿江港口、铁路枢纽、高速公路沿线形成工业区；⑶信息通信网络的通达性作为工业区位的重要性越来越突出；⑷工业对劳动力技能的要求逐渐增强。再次显示上表最后一项“各因素的发展变化”。由工业生产的一般过程中可以知道，工厂产出产品的同时，也产出废气、废水、废渣。这些废弃物排入环境，会造成环境污染，危害人们的身体健康。随着人们环境意识的增强，环境质量已成为重要的区位因素。在工厂的区位选择时，应以不污染当地环境为佳，进行合理选择。读课本61页图4．6污染严重工业的区位选择，思考以下问题：1、严重污染空气的工厂布局时应考虑那些因素？2、严重污染水源的工厂布局时应考虑那些因素？3、对环境质量要求高的工厂布局时应考虑那些因素？教师解析：对这一部分知识需要强记。讲解要注意盛行风向，需结合必修一气候一节将难点突破，可分中国大部分地区、西欧、印度半岛等不同区域进行讲解以加深印象。
人教版高中地理必修2传统工业区与新工业区精品教案
③在萨斯索罗地区集聚的相关企业和服务性机构有哪些？④萨斯索罗瓷砖工业小区的生产—销售—服务网络中支撑企业、辅助性企业、服务性企业、服务性机构有哪些？学生回答问题后教师小结：意大利的新工业区，以中小企业集聚的工业小区为独特的发展模式。工业小区的优势是有助于加强专业化，提高生产效率，降低生产成本，增强在市场上的竞争力。完成课本70页活动：1. 比较温州乡镇企业与意大利新工业区的发展有什么异同（相同：有大批廉价劳动力，企业规模小，以轻工业为主，企业生产高度专业化，资本集中程度低。不同：最大的不同是意大利工业小区密切联系协作，共同形成巨型企业，温州虽生产同种产品，但是联系协作不如意，形成多家企业竞争局面，规模效应大减。）2. 温州乡镇企业的发展有哪些些问题？你能为其解决这些问题提出合理化的建议吗？（加大技术投入，企业间联系协作，杜绝恶性竞争等）
人教版高中地理必修2不同等级城市的服务功能教案
1、 前提条件：①环境几乎一样的平原地区，人口分布均匀2、 ②区域的运输条件一致，影响运输的惟一因素是距离。城市六边形服务范围形成过程。（理解）a．当某一货物的供应点只有少数几个时，为了避免竞争、获取最大利润，供应点的距离不会太近，它们的服务范围都是圆形的。 b．在利润的吸引下，不断有新的供应点出现，原有的服务范围会因此而缩小。这时，该货物的供应处于饱和。每个供应点的服务范围仍是圆形的，并彼此相切c．如果每个供应点的服务范围都是圆形相切却不重叠的话，圆与圆之间就会存在空白区。这里的消费者如果都选择最近的供应点来寻求服务的话，空白区又可以分割咸三部分，分别属于三个离其最近的供应点。[思考]①图2．15中城市有几个等级？②找出表示每一等级六边形服务范围的线条颜色？③叙述不同等级城市之间服务范围及其相互关系？3、理论基础：德国南部城市4、意义：运用这种理论来指导区域规划、城市建设和商业网点的布局。1、 应用——“荷兰圩田居民点的设置”。