北京的商业中心分布和变化大致分三个阶段:钟鼓楼市场、三足鼎立格局形成、环路沿线商业中心出现。相对应的交通变化,钟鼓楼市场衰退与大运河运输地位衰落、运输方式的变化密切相关,后两个阶段与城市交通干线形态变化紧密联系。3.交通线路的改变与集镇的繁荣或衰落。有的集镇因位于河道航运的终点而商业繁盛;当险滩被清除,航道向前延伸时,集镇的这种集散转运地位随之消失,商业逐渐衰落。例如:陕西省勉县的长林镇完全退化为单纯的居民点。【课堂小结】今天这节课我们主要学习了交通布局变化带来的对聚落形态的影响和对商业网点分布的影响。请同学们将今天所学的知识结合我们的生活实际,能对本地区的交通发展带来的变化有所了解,为今后家乡发展献计献策。
过渡:在实际生活中,城市内部空间结构并非完全按照这一经济规律呈现,而是更具复杂性。这说明除了经济因素外,还有很多其他因素在起作用,请大家结合你的认识、图2.9和案例1:纽约市的少数民族区谈谈你的看法。(2)其他因素I.收入 —— 形成不同级别住宅区的常见原因。有能力支付昂贵租金和选择最佳居住环境的人,其居住地往往形成高级住宅区。II.知名度 ——城市内某些地区在历史、文化或经济方面具有很高的声誉,这往往会吸引更多新的住宅或商场建在该处,以提高其知名度。III.种族聚居区的形成 ——在有些城市的某一区域内,如果某个种族或宗教团体占优势,就可能形成种族聚居区。如纽约市的唐人街、哈林区、小意大利区等。IV历史因素——城市的建筑物和街道设计可以维持久远,早期的土地利用方式对日后的功能分区有着深远的影响。3、城市内部空间结构的形成和变化
学生探究案例:找出不同等级城市的数目与城镇级别的关系、城镇的分布与城镇级别的关系并试着解释原因。在此基础上,指导学生一步步阅读书上的阅读材料,首先说明这是德国著名的经济地理学家克里斯泰勒对德国南部城市等级体系研究得出的中心地理论,他是在假设土壤肥力相等、资源分布均匀、没有边界的平原上,交通条件一致、消费者收入及需求一致、人们就近购买货物和服务的情况下得出的理想模式。然后指导学生阅读图2.14下文字说明,理解城市六边形服务范围形成过程。指导学生读图2.15,找出图中城市的等级、每一等级六边形服务范围并叙述不同等级城市之间服务范围及其相互关系,从而得出不同等级城市的空间分布规律,六边形服务范围,层层嵌套的理论模式。给出荷兰圩田空白图,让学生应用上面的理论规划设计居民点并说出理由,再和教材上的规划进行对照。然后给出长三角地区城市分布图和各城市人口数,让学生对这些城市进行分级,概括每一级城市的服务功能、统计每一等级城市的数目以及彼此间的平均距离,总结城市等级与服务范围、空间分布的关系?
(1)下面列出的是我国南北方传统民居的差异,分析形成这些差异的自然原因:——北方民居正南正北的方位观比南方强;——北方民居的墙体严实厚重,南方民居的墙体轻薄;——从北到南,民居的屋顶坡度逐渐增大,房檐逐渐加宽,房屋进深和高度逐渐加大。(2)下面列出的是我国南北方城市住宅搂的差异,分析导致这些差异的自然原因:——如果不考虑地价、建筑材料等因素,建同等面积的住房,北方的建筑成本比南方高 ;——建同样高度的多幢楼房,北方楼房的南北间距比南方大。点拨:本活动要求学生了解由于地理环境的差异造成南北方建筑物特点的不同,并由此认识地理环境 差异对人们生活的影响。(1)比较而言,北方的冬季寒冷而漫长,南方的夏季湿热而漫长。为了在冬季充分利用太阳光照和热量,北方民居正南正北的方位观比南方强。北方民居的墙体严实厚重,利用在冬季保温御寒;南方民居的墙体轻薄,利于在夏季通风透气。从北到南,年降水量逐渐增大,民居的屋顶坡度也逐渐增大(利于排水) ;随着对保温要求的降低和对通风纳凉要求的提高,民居的屋檐逐渐加宽,房屋进深和高度逐渐加大。
从右图“进出口贸易占全国的比重”可看出,珠三角地区的外向型经济特征很明显,但正在缓慢的发生转变;而长三角地区的外贸依存度在10年内迅速增长。由此可见,珠三角地区城市化过程,是伴随着该地特殊的经济发展相对自发地快速推进,缺乏宏观而理性的规划。阅读通过此阅读材料,使学生大致了解以下内容深圳作为珠江三角洲地区迅速城市化的一个典型代表,到目前为止,对其未来发展道路的构想,主要集中在:如何联合和依托临近区域、联合优势资源,扩大发展空间;如何明确功能,重新定位,合理分工,突出特色。活动长江三角洲地区城市的协调发展1.读图4.28,如果按人口规模>500万人、100万~500万人、50万~100万人、20万~50万人和<20万人将城市分为五级的话,分析长江三角洲地区城市的等级规模结构是否合理,这对其城市的协调发展有何影响?
1.根据下面的材料,归纳珠江三角洲发展基塘生产有利的地理条件。珠江三角洲地势低平,河网密布,降水充沛。北回归线从珠江三角洲的北部穿过。桑树和甘蔗主要分布于热带和亚热带。广州是古代海上丝绸之路的起始地之一。水产品在广东人的食物结构中占有较大的比重。点拨珠江三角洲地区发展基塘农业生产有利条件可以结合材料,归纳为三个方面:地形、气候、市场(当地和海外)具体分析略。2.图4.16所示的基塘生产将哪些产业联系起来?哪些副产品(或废弃物)被充分利用起来?这种联系对农村经济发展有什么作用?点拨基塘生产环节将种植业(桑、蔗等)、养殖业(养蚕、养鱼)、工业(丝厂、糖厂)等几种产业紧密的联系在一起。在此环节中,塘泥、蚕沙(蚕屎)、蚕蛹、缫丝、滤泥、蔗叶等副产品被充分的回收利用。养蚕业、蔗糖加工业同塘鱼养殖业紧密结合,作为一种综合的经营,几者之间相互依存、相互促进、扬长补短,有机地循环联系起来。
1.阅读图5.16,说明产业向国外转移对日本经济的不利影响。点拨:图5.16直观的显示了产业转移对日本经济的不利影响:形成“产业转移出去的多,转移进来的少→国内生产投资不足,生产困难→市场萎缩→产业向外转移,外资不愿进入”的恶性循环。2.尽管重化工业的环境污染比较严重,但是却能为工业化的发展提供坚实的基础,因此成为发达工业的象征。日本、韩国的经济发展都经历了由轻工业(劳动密集型)到重化工业(资源密集型和资金密集型)到高科技工业(技术密集型)的阶段。(1)为什么日本、韩国在重点发展重化工业之前,要先发展劳动密集型工业?点拨:重化工业的发展一方面需要有一定的工业基础和技术工人,另一方面需要投入大量的资金,先发展劳动密集型工业有利于利用劳动力资源丰富且廉价的优势,积累资金和造就产业工人。所以,劳动力丰富的发展中国家或地区的工业化往往从优先发展劳动密集型工业开始。
1、知识与能力:知道诸子百家,认识春秋战国时期“百家争鸣”局面形成的重要意义;了解孔子、孟子和荀子的主要观点,理解儒家思想的形成。2、过程与方法:适度引入古代中国政治发展与传统文化方面的材料 ,启发学生思考百家争鸣局面形成的重要意义。以列表的方法,从时代、主要观点、影响等方面,指导学生归纳孔子、孟子和荀子的主要内容。以百家争鸣为主题,组织学生谈一谈继承中国传统文化思想的认识和感受。组织一次“我读《论语》的读书活动”。3、情感态度价值观:感受中国古代思想的博大精深:通过学习早期儒家的民本思想,培养学生的人文关怀精神;了解儒家文化是我国传统文化的最主要部分,认识其在世界文化史上的地位和对后世的影响;联系现实,使学生正确对待儒家传统文化,发挥其在当代的积极意义。
②其他货币与美元挂钩:即各会员国货币对美元的汇率按各自货币的含金量与美元确定固定比价。各国货币与美元的汇率可按各国货币含金量与美元含金量之比来确定,这称为法定汇率。例如,1946年一英镑的含金量为3.58134克,一美元的含金量为0.888671克,则英镑和美元的含金量之比1英镑=4.03美元就是法定汇率。这一规定,使美元等同于黄金,美元从此有了“美金”的说法;与美元比起来,其他国家的货币处于从属地位,确立了美元在国际货币体系中的中心地位、主导地位正如当时美国财政部长福勒所说:“各个行星围绕着太阳转,各国货币围绕着美元转。”小结: “布雷顿森林体系”是一个以美元为中心的世界货币体系,美国通过布雷顿森林体系,掌握了资本主义世界的经济命脉。(2)影响:①为世界货币关系提供了统一的标准和基础,有利于维持战后世界货币体系的正常运转,为世界经济的恢复和发展创造了条件。
●活动与探究从葡萄牙、西班牙、荷兰的兴衰历程,从英国的强盛历程,我们从中可获得什么启示?启示:积极发展本国的工商业;实现制度创新;抓住机遇,及时更新观念;建立能保障自身经济顺利发展的国防力量,尤其是海军力量;积极发展海外贸易,实行对外开放……★本课小结16世纪后期荷兰积极向海外殖民扩张,在17世纪建立了世界范围内的殖民帝国;17世纪开始,英国也积极向海外殖民扩张,并与荷兰、法国进行了激烈的争夺,到18世纪中期,英国成为世界上最大的殖民国家,最终确立了世界殖民霸权;新航路开辟后,伴随着殖民扩张,人类的商业活动开始在全球范围内开展,人类的经济活动由于世界市场的出现而第一次被广泛地联系在一起,而西欧国家对殖民地财富、资源、劳动力的暴力掠夺,是欧洲发展和兴旺的重要条件,也是亚、非、拉美灾难的根源。
乾隆五十五年(公元1790年),在安徽一带很有名气的“三庆”徽戏班,来到北京演出。徽戏在北京经常和其他剧种同台演出,注意吸收和借鉴他们的长处。尤其是与以唱二黄调和西皮调为主的汉戏的合演,逐渐形成了二黄与西皮的合流,形成了“徽汉合流”的局面,后来徽剧又吸收其他民间曲调的唱腔、剧目和表演方式,逐渐形成以“皮黄”为主要声腔的京剧。到1840年左右,京剧的唱腔、念白、剧本和表演已经成熟,尤其是出现了以演“京戏”为主的一批演员,他们不再以徽戏、汉戏为名,而以演“京戏”自居。从此,诞生了一个独立的剧种──京剧。2、京剧的发展早期的京剧以迷人的唱腔、丰富的剧目、精彩的表演和京腔京味吸引了观众,使京城出现了京剧热。同治、光绪年间,京剧已经被京城市民承认,成为人们最喜爱的舞台艺术。并涌现出著名的“同光十三绝”。
学生活动三:让学生阅读教材P108回答:(投影显示,然后让学生对这两个概念进行比较)总的说,法治与德治是相辅相成、相互促进的。设计意图:让学生弄清法治与德治的区别,并理解法治与德治的联系。教师过渡:(提问)我们进行思想道德建设的两个宝贵资源是什么?这又说明社会主义思想道德体系建设应与什么相承接?(3)社会主义思想道德体系应该与中华民族传统美德相承接①传统美德是中华传统道德中的精华学生活动四:列举中华民族的传统美德②今天倡导的基本道德规范是对中华民族传统美德的继承、发展和创新教师活动:(投影显示)我国《公民道德实施纲要》提出了20个字的基本道德规范。可以具体分为10个方面:爱国守法明礼诚信团结友善勤俭自强敬业奉献教师过渡:在我们的社会主义社会里,是非、善恶的界限绝对不能混淆,坚持什么、反对什么,倡导什么、抵制什么,都必须旗帜鲜明。所以我们必须树立社会主义荣辱观。(4)树立社会主义荣辱观——八荣八耻
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二、教学设想1、研究考试大纲,加强学习。2、狠抓专项复习,夯实基础。3、落实培优补差工作,分层教学。4、落实问题教学,提高教学效率。
Purpose of my design:To ask the students to do these two tasks will make the Ss predict the story of this passage. As a result, it will deepen Ss’ memory of this story because they will have their own understanding of this story.Step 3. While-readingTask 1. (Individual work _____min)Skimming: ask students to skim the text and the main ideas of each paragraph in this passage. Please read it quickly and then match the sentences with the letters.Task 2. (Individual work _____min)Scanning: read the text quickly and decide the whether the following statements are true or false and give reasons.Task 3. (Pair work _____min)Listen to the tape and fill in the banks. Then read the paragraph with expression to your partner.Task4 (individual work min)Listen to the tape again and write down the main idea in one sentence.Purpose of my design: Enable students to understand the given material better by using different reading skills. And proper competition can arouse the Ss’ interest in English learning. “Task-based” teaching method is used here todevelop the Ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trainedStep 4. Post-readingTask 1. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work; _____min)Discussion (group of 4):1. If you were Hippomenes, would you run against Atlanta?2. Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? Why or why not?Step 5. HomeworkPlease read the story again carefully after class and imagine: What will happen during the race between Hippomenes and Atlanta? Who do you think will win the race? Do you think Atlanta would marry Hippomenes? Write an end for the story with thses questions.Purpose of my design: Homework is so important and necessary for to master the knowledge they learned after class. It will check whether the Ss achieve the teaching aims.Part 5 Blackboard design
Step 2 Pre-listeningAfter students finish their discussion, I will show a picture of Newton and ask them: Who is him? What is he famous for? Could you find out some words to describe him? Maybe students will answer that he is genius for his finding of theGravitation, making a great contribution to the progress of human being. At that time I will show another two pictures of Einstein and Hawking, letting students guess who they are and write down their idea about the Gravitation. For I have arranged them to search more information about the gravity before this class, Students have beenfamiliar with the topic and will not be afraid about this abstract conception, which is helpful for their listening.Step 3 While-listeningIn this step, students will be required to listen the material for three times. The first and listening is extensive listening and the second and third listening is intensive listening. In the first time, They are required to listen a material including Part 1 and Part 2 and choose the best summary of the listening text. After they choose the right answer, They also need work in group to explain what is wrong with the others. Then I will make a conclusion that we should pay attention to the first paragraph and last paragraph and some keys to get the main idea. By doing this, their capacity of generalization will have a great improvement.Before the second listening, I will ask students to scan the blank on the power point quickly and ask them to note down some key words .Then ask them to listen to the Part 1again and fill the first column of the chart. Maybe some students just show the ideas of these three scientists an still can’t catch their development of gravity. Therefore, I will ask them to listen to Part 2 again and fill in the rest. After finish the listening, I will give them ten minutes to discuss with their partner. I will also guidethem to improve their answers when they discuss with others.
Good afternoon, everyone. It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you. The content of my lesson is Senior English for China Book5 Unit 3 Life in the Future. I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from six parts: Analysis of the teaching material, Analysis of the students, Teaching aims and important and difficult points, Teaching methods and aids, Teaching procedures, and Blackboard design. First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Analysis of the Teaching Material:This unit is about what human beings’ life will be like in about one thousand years. By studying of this unit, we’ll Enable the students to know the changes in humans’ life and some new inventions bringing about the change and develop the interest in science. This lesson plays an important part in the English teaching in this unit. This is an important lesson in Book Five. From this lesson, it starts asking the Ss to grasp contents of each passage. Therefore, this lesson is in the important position of the teaching material. If the Ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the Ss learn the rest of this unit.Part 2 Analysis of the SsAs Senior2 Ss, they are at different levels of English fluency, some of them have lost interest in English. So during the lesson, I arrange a variety of activities to let all of them join in to attract their interest and let them be confident and taste the joy of success.
一. 教材分析1. 本单元的中心话题是“计算机(Computers)”,内容涉及计算机的发展历史,计算机的应用等。本节课是该单元的第一课时,我将Warming up, Pre-reading and Comprehending这四部分整合为一节精读课。其中。Reading部分是题为WHO AM I?的文章,以第一人称的拟人手法介绍了计算机发长演变的历史和计算机在各个领域的应用,其主旨是表达计算机的发展变化之快以及在生活中用途之广。而Warming up部分以图片的形式展现了计算机的发展历程;Pre-reading中的问题和排序分别是为了预测语篇的内容和测试学生对计算机历史了解的情况;Comprehending则通过各项练习训练学生的阅读技能,从而加深对文章的理解。可见这几部分是一个有机的整体。2. 教学目标:1) 语言目标:重点词汇及短语:abacus, calculate, calculator, PC, laptop, PDA, robot, analytical, technological, universal, mathematical, artificial, intelligent, network, explore, in common, as a result.重点句子:a. My real father was Alan Turing, who in 1963 wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work, and build a “universal machine” to solve any mathematical problem.
Ⅲ. Analysis of the teaching material:The topic of this unit is cultural relics. Students are quite interested in topics about different cultures around the world. This is the second period of the whole unit. As a reading class, the passage mainly talks about the history of the amber room (how it was made, sent as a gift, lost and rebuilt).According to the new national curriculum, when teaching reading, much emphasis should be put on training the students’ reading skills.Ⅳ. Teaching objectives1. Language objectives:1) Students are required to master the key words and phrases occurred in the passage (e.g. amazing, decorate, belong, in return, less than etc.)2) Students are required to learn the attributive clause and acquire the sentence pattern.2. 1) Students are required to describe a certain thing by using the new sentence patterns.2) Students are required to master two kinds of reading skills—skimming and scanning, and learn to use them in their daily reading.3. 1) Students are required to know the history of the amber room.2) Students are required to appreciate cultural relics and understand the importance of protecting them.Ⅴ. Teaching important and difficult points1) the new words, phrases, and sentence pattern in the course of reading.2) Teaching difficult point: Help the students master two kinds of reading skills—skimmingand scanning and learn to apply them in daily use.Ⅵ. Teaching methods:Task-based method & Top-down model Ⅶ. Teaching aids: PPT, pictures, blackboard Ⅷ. Teaching procedure: