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新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Discovering useful structures教学设计
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Learning about Language教学设计
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys： 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Reading and thinking教学设计
Step 5： After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Using langauge教学设计
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
广东省广州市2015年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激。
四川省乐山市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
方干，字雄飞，桐庐人。幼有清才，散拙①无营务。大中中，举进士不第，隐居镜湖中。湖北有茅斋，湖西有松岛。每月明风清，携稚子邻叟，轻舟往返，甚惬素心。所住水门閟②，一草一花，俱能留客。家贫，蓄古琴，行吟醉卧以自娱。徐凝初有诗名，一见干器之，遂相师友，因授格律。干有赠凝诗，云“把得新诗草里论”。时谓反语为村里老，疑干讥诮，非也。王大夫廉问浙东，礼邀干至，嘉其操，将荐于朝，托吴融草表。行有日，王公以疾逝去，事不果成。干早岁偕计③，往来两京，公卿好事者争延纳，名竟不入手，遂归，无复荣辱之念。浙中凡有园林名胜，辄造主人，留题几遍。初李频学干为诗，频及第，诗僧清越贺云：“弟子已折桂，先生犹灌园。”咸通末卒。门人相与论德谋迹，谥曰玄英。乐安孙郃等，缀其遗诗三百七十余篇，为十卷。
陕西省2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
倡议书 亲爱的朋友们： 让朋友圈见证我们青春的奋斗与成长！ 倡议人：XXX 2017年6月28日
四川省眉山市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
①人人在童年，都是时间的富翁。我有时待在家里闷得慌，就不免要到离家很近的那个街口，去看快手刘变戏法。②快手刘是个摆摊卖糖的大胖汉子。随身背着的绿色小木箱，上面插着一排排廉价的棒糖。他变戏法是为吸引孩子们来买糖。戏法很简单，俗称“小碗扣球”。一块绢子似的黄布铺在地上，两只白瓷小茶碗，四个滴溜溜的大红玻璃球儿。他两手各拿一只茶碗，你明明看见每只碗下边扣着两个红球儿，你连眼皮都没眨一下，只见他一边叫天喊地，东指一下手，西吹一口气，嘿！四个球儿竟然全都跑到一只茶碗下边去了。
山东省泰安市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
那汉子口里唱着，走上冈子来，松林里头歇下担桶，坐地乘凉。众军看见了，便问那汉子道：“你桶里是甚么东西？”那汉子应道：“是白酒。”众军道：“挑往哪里去？”那汉子道：“挑出村里卖。”众军道：“多少钱一桶？”那汉子道：“五贯足钱。”众军商量道：“我们又热又渴，何不买些吃？也解暑气。”正在那里凑钱，杨志见了，喝道：“你们又做甚么？”众军道：“买碗酒吃。”杨志调过朴刀杆便打，骂道：“你们不得洒家言语，胡乱便要买酒吃，好大胆！”众军道：“我们自凑钱买酒吃，干你甚事？也来打人！”杨志道：“你理会得什么？到来只顾吃嘴！全不晓得路途上的勾当艰难，多少好汉，被蒙汗药麻翻了！”
山东省潍坊市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
霍丘①知县阳湖左君，治霍丘既一载，其冬有年。父老数十人，来自下乡，盛米于筐，有稻有稉，豚蹄鸭鸡，伛偻提携，造于县门。君呼之入，曰：“父老良苦，曷为来哉？”顿首曰：“边界之乡，尤扰益偷。自耶之至，吾民无事，得耕种吾田。吾田幸熟，有此新谷，皆耶之赐，以为耶尝。”君曰：“天降吾民丰年，乐与父老食之；且彼家畜，胡以来？”则又顿首曰：“往耶未来，吾民之猪鸡鹅鸭，率用供吏，余者盗又取之。今视吾圈栅，数吾所育，终岁不一失，是耶为吾民畜也，是耶物非民物也。”君笑而受之，劳以酒食。皆欢舞而去，曰：“本以奉耶，反为耶费焉。”士民相与谋曰：“吾耶无所取于民，而禄不足以自给，其谓百姓何？请分乡为四，各以月入米若薪。”众曰：“善。”则请于君，君笑曰：“百姓所以厚我，以我不妄取也，我资米若薪于百姓，后之人必尔乎索之，是我之妄取无穷期也。”不可。亳州之民，有诉于府者曰：“亳旧寡盗，今而多，其来自霍丘。霍丘左耶不容盗，以祸亳，愿左耶兼治之。
山东省烟台市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
②谁才是今天社会中的“贵子”？富二代、官二代无疑符合传统意义上的“贵”，但如果没有一技之长，不能凭借自身本领干事创业，所谓“贵”也不过停留在人生的浅表。相反，白手起家的寒门青年，凭借自身努力打拼出一片天地，创造了属于自己乃至整个社会的价值，“贵子”的称谓自然当之无愧。作为哈佛大学优秀毕业生代表之一的中国寒门学子何江，曾讲到自己成功的经验：“每到一个更大的地方、更大的平台，你会发现自己不懂的东西很多，而我相对来说，好奇心比较多，我就会有压力去把它学会，让自己不断补足短处。”
山东省枣庄市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
邹忌修八尺有余，而形貌昳丽。朝服衣冠，窥镜，谓其妻曰：“我孰与城北徐公美？”其妻曰：“君美甚，徐公何能及君也！”城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。忌不自信，而复问其妾曰：“吾孰与徐公美？”妾曰：“徐公何能及君也！”旦日，客从外来，与坐谈，问之客曰：“吾与徐公孰美？”客曰：“徐公不若君之美也。”明日徐公来，孰视之，自以为不如；窥镜而自视，又弗如远甚。暮寝而思之，曰：“吾妻之美我者，私我也；妾之美我者，畏我也；客之美我者，欲有求于我也。”
四川省南充市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
可燃冰是由水和天然气在高压、低温情况下形成的类冰状结晶物质，结构上它是甲烷为主的有机分子被包在水分子组成的“笼子”里，由于甲烷是天然气的主要成分，所以其学名是天然气水合物。它之所以被称作“可燃冰”，一方面是因为既含水又呈固体，看来像冰，另一方面，甲烷与水分子结合很弱，外界稍加扰动就可以让其分离出来，很容易点燃。
四川省自贡市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
银河系中栖息着数千亿颗恒星，它们彼此差异极大，这种差异部分源于它的庞大。每一颗肉眼能见的恒星，包括太阳，都是它的成员。银河系是如此巨大，太阳绕其中心运行一周 需要 2.3 亿年。设想一位天文学家用 1 厘米代表日地距离来绘制银河系图，他将需要一张比整个地球大得多的纸才能完全包容银河系。在这张图上，银河系中心到太阳的距离是 1. 7 万千米，相当于太阳到银河系中心的实际距离 2.7 万光年。 甚至太阳到银河系中心的距离也不足以描述银河系的大小，因为太阳离银河系边缘比离银河系中心更远。包含太阳在内的银河系盘体叫做银盘，它是银河系中呈烙饼状的明亮部分。它含有旋臂，使得在银河系外的观测者看来，银河系就像一架玩具风车。银盘边缘到其中心 大约 6.5 万光年，所以银盘的直径约 13 万光年。但银盘只是银河系的一部分，有些不属于银 盘的恒星，还远在它的外边。
天津市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
岳飞治军 绍兴六帅，皆果毅忠勇，视古名将。岳公飞独后出，而一时名声几冠诸公。身死之日，武昌之屯至十万九百人，皆一可以当百。余尝访其士卒，以为勤惰必分，功过有别，故能得人心。异时①尝见其提兵征赣之固石洞②，军行之地，秋毫无扰，至今父老语其名辄感泣焉。
浙江省杭州市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
已近年关，隐藏在大山褶皱里的小县城年味渐浓。火车的汽笛声频繁地响起。一条悠长的巷道里藏着几户人家。一座陈旧的小四合院里传来清脆的电话铃声。 妈，再过一两个小时我们就到家了，晚饭回家吃，一年没吃到您做的饭了，呵呵。 你这孩子，咋突然就改主意了？不早讲，也好让妈提前高兴着，刚才还和苗苗念叨呢，苗苗一直想去看你们呢。 不是想给您个惊喜吗，呵呵。 好好好，妈这就准备去。苗苗奶奶放下电话，苗苗，你都听到了吧，你爸妈一会就到家喽，自己好好玩，奶奶给你做好吃的。奶奶脸上的皱纹一下全舒展开了。
四川省巴中市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
江城子?密州出猎苏轼老夫聊发少年狂， 左牵黄， 右擎苍， 锦帽貂裘， 千骑卷平冈。 为报倾城随太守， 亲射虎， 看孙郎。酒酣胸胆尚开张。 鬓微霜， 又何妨！ 持节云中， 何日遣冯唐？ 会挽雕弓如满月， 西北望， 射天狼。（1）这首词的词牌名是 ，从本词的题材及语言风格看，是一首 词。（2）词的下片中用遣冯唐的典故表达了什么意思？
四川省广安市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
我家后面有一条弯弯曲曲的胶河、沿着高高的河堤向东北方向走七里左右路，就到了一片方圆数千亩的荒草甸子。每年夏天，爷爷都击那儿割草，我爷爷的镰刀磨得快，割草技术高，割下来的草干净，不拖泥带水。 最早跟爷爷去荒草甸子剖草，是刚过了七岁生日不久的 一天。堤顶是一条灰白的小路，路的两边长满野草，行人的脚压适迫得它们很瑟缩，但依然是生气勃勃的。爷爷的步子轻悄悄的，走得不紧不慢，听不到脚步声。田野里丝线流苏般的玉米缨儿，刀剑般的玉米叶儿，刚秀出的高粱穗儿，很结实的谷子尾巴，都在雾中时隐时现。河堤上的绿草叶儿上挂着亮晶晶的露水珠儿，微微颤抖着，对我打着招呼。
四川省广元市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
①余幼时即嗜学。家贫，无从致书以观，每假借于藏书之家，手自笔录，计日以还。天大寒，砚冰坚，手指不可屈伸，弗之怠。录毕，走送之，不敢稍逾约。以是人多以书假余，余因得遍观群书。既加冠，益慕圣贤之道，又患无硕师、名人与游，尝趋百里外，从乡之先达执经叩问。先达德隆望尊，门人弟子填其室，未尝稍降辞色。余立侍左右，援疑质理，俯身倾耳以请；或遇其叱咄，色愈恭，礼愈至，不敢出一言以复；俟其欣悦，则又请焉。故余虽愚，卒获有所闻。
四川省资阳市2017年中考语文真题试题（含解析）
和金刚石一样，石墨是碳元素的一种存在形式。不同的是，由于原子结构不同，金刚石是地球上最坚硬的东西，石墨则是最软的矿物之一。石墨烯就是从石墨材料中剥离出来的，只由一层碳原子在平面上构成的薄片。 石墨烯的特点之一就是薄，堪称目前世界上最薄的材料。石墨烯只有一个原子那么厚，约0.3纳米，是一张A4纸厚度的十万分之一，头发丝的五十万分之一。同时，它又能导电，电子在石墨烯中的运动速度达1000千米/秒，是光速的1/300。轻薄、强韧、导电、导热……石墨烯的这些性质赋予人们许多想象空间。 中国电科55所的孔月婵博士介绍说，石墨烯的硬度非常强，比最强的钢铁还要强100倍；石墨烯的电子运行速度也非常高，是硅的10倍，非常适合发展下一代超高频电子器件。此外，石墨烯还是传导热量的高手，比最能导热的金属银还要强10倍。
