Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;
4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降调说Who,其意思是问,对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
【参考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
5、请列举开源的措施。(包括合理开发和提取地下水;修筑水库;开渠引水实行跨流域调水;海水淡化;人工增雨等。6、开源“五水”歌:开发地下水、蓄积洪水,跨流域调水,淡水海水,人增雨水。能马上背出来吗?7、请列举节流的措施。(包括加强宣传教育,提高公民节水意识;重视改进农业灌溉技术,提高工业用水的重复利用率等。)8、水资源时刻影响着我们的生存和发展,尽管我们已经学习了关于如何合理利用水资源的知识,但关键还是要研究问题和解决问题,面对复杂的生活环境,具体问题要具体分析,看课本70页“活动”,请小组派代表回答问题。提示:(1)西北地区的水资源供给,从可持续发展的角度,解决水资源的供求矛盾应体现在:控制人口数量,减少用水规模;发展节水农业;保护生态环境,退耕还林还草。(2)我国缺水问题,谈谈看法:通过电视、报纸杂志、互联网收集有关水资源的资料;确定综合思维、立体思维的方法,全面多角度地寻找解决缺水的对策。
一、知识和技能1.了解锋面系统、低压系统、高压系统的特点2.理解气旋与反气旋的形成过程、气流运动特点,掌握气旋、反气旋气流运动的规律性3.使学生掌握气旋和反气旋控制下的天气状况二、过程和方法1.掌握各天气系统活动规律和处在不同天气系统及其不同部位的天气特点,利用天气图进行天气形势分析预报2.能够说明这些天气系统是如何对所到达地区的天气产生影响的,能够结合当地情况分析学校所在地曾经发生的灾害性天气及其影响下的天气系统3.通过研究气旋和反气旋的形成过程,使学生初步具备研究问题的方法与步骤4.通过对冷锋与暖锋天气系统的对比分析来实现学生地理综合分析能力的提高。通过对锋面气旋的分析来建立地理空间思维的习惯三、情感、态度、价值观1.通过本节课学习,让学生懂得学科学、爱科学,献身气象事业,为“四化”建设服务
气候变化对健康的影响 气候变化对人体健康的不良影响是不难发现的:热浪冲击频繁加重可致死亡率及某些疾病、特别是心脏呼吸系统疾病发病率增加;对气候变化敏感的传染性疾病如疟疾和登革热的传播范围可能增加。极端气候事件, 如干旱、水灾、暴风雨等, 使死亡率、伤残率及传染病疾病率上升, 并增加社会心理压力。某些媒介疾病的加重也可能与气候变化有间接的关系, 如疟疾是通过蚊子传播的疾病,气候变化可能使某些变暖地区的蚊子数目增加, 从而加重了疟疾的发生。我国1994年疟疾的发病率为5.3408/10万, 居全国法定传染病的第六位。血吸虫病的发展与高温及灌溉系统的扩增有关。我国1994年南方12省市血吸虫病患者的检出率高达3.67%,不能忽视气候变化对此的可能影响。还有一些疾病,如睡眠病、登革热、黑热病等也有与气候关系的报道。另外, CO2、一些空气污染物如氮氧化物、臭氧等可增加过敏疾患及心脏呼吸系统疾病和死亡。
浅层地下水是贮存于地表松散堆积物中的潜水。主要受降水、气温、蒸发等气象因素影响,有明显的季节变化与日变化,并与河水有相应补给关系,即河水高于潜水面时,河水补给地下水,反之地下水补给河流;深层地下水是长时间内渗入地下深入储存起来的,它缓慢地流出补给河流,受气象因素影响很小,通常只有年变化,季节变化已不明显。当然,一条河流的河水补给来源往往不是单一的,而是以某一种形式为主的混合补给形式,对流域自然条件复杂的大的河流来说尤其如此。我国长江上游地区除雨水、地下水外,高原高山上冰川、积雪在夏季融化也补给河流;东北地区的河流,由春季融化积雪补给,夏季则由雨水和地下水补给;西北内陆盆地除雨水外,夏季高山冰川、积雪融化成为河流的主要补给形式。我国季风地区,大部分河流以雨水补给为主,而冬季则由地下水补给。
一、明确课标要求1.了解褶皱的概念和褶皱的基本形态;2.了解褶皱山的形成和褶皱山的基本形态特征;3.能够在不同的示意图中识别和判读背斜与向斜;4.知道和理解断层的概念和断块山的形成,了解断块山的基本形态特征;5.知道火山的形成、结构和规模。二、教学目标知识目标:1.结合具体图像,了解褶皱山的形成及基本形态特征。2.能在示意图上识别和判断背斜和向斜。3.理解内外力共同作用下形成的“背斜成谷,向斜成山”,并能够明白其形成的原因。4.能够结合实例,理解断块山的形成及基本特征。5.知道火山的形成、结构和规模。过程与方法目标:1.结合实例,分析造成地表形态变化的内力、外力因素。2.通过案例,尝试联系实际,培养动手演示、判读图像、比较、分析、归纳的能力。
1.流水堆积地貌由于河床坡度降低,导致流速减小 ,或者其他原因,引起河流搬运能力降低,促使沉积发生,形成堆积地貌。常见的河流堆积地貌主要有以下几种:(1)冲积扇平原冲积扇是河流出山口处的扇形堆积体。河流出 山口后,比降显著减小,水流又分成许多交汉,成扇状向外流动,河流能量显著降低,大量物质堆积下来,又有利于河流改道。随着各支汊的不断堆积和变迁,就形成冲积扇。冲积扇的物质结构,一般是顶部物质较粗,主要为沙、砾 ,随着水流搬运能力向边缘减弱,堆积的物质逐渐变细,边缘一般多为沙、粉沙及亚粘土,分选性较好,所以冲积扇是较好的含水层,边缘常有泉水出 露,可发展自流灌 溉。若山地河谷随山地间歇抬升,也可形成叠置冲积扇。(2)河漫滩平原河漫滩平原发源于河流中下游。在河流中下游地区,河流下蚀作用减弱,侧蚀作用加强,河流往往凹岸侵蚀,在凸岸堆积形成水下堆积体。堆积体 的面积逐渐扩大,在枯水季节露出水面,形成河漫滩(见下图)。
一、知识和技能1.使学生能够正确认识太阳的基本特征及其外部结构;2.了解太阳能量的来源,理解太阳是地球的主要能量源;3.了解太阳活动(主要是黑子和耀斑)对地球的影响。二、过程和方法1.能通过展示的图片理解太阳活动增强时会使地球无线电短波通讯受干扰及产生磁暴现象的原因。2.通过对各种资料的观察以及课前室外的观测,培养学生获取地理信息的能力和分析、判断、推理等逻辑思维能力三、情感、态度、价值观培养学生树立正确的人地观、科学的宇宙观,和热爱科学勇于探索的精神【教学重点】1.知道太阳辐射对地球的影响; 2.知道太阳活动对地球的影响;3.太阳的外部结构和能量来源【教学难点】太阳活动(黑子和耀斑)对地球的影响
一、知识和技能1.使学生了解地球的圈层构造,初步掌握地球内部圈层的组成和划分依据2.使学生了解各内部圈层的界限、厚度、物理性状等。二、过程和方法1.使学生了解研究地球内部构造的方法,从而认识人类对未知事物所进行的探索实践,激发同学们学科学、爱科学的兴趣及责任感。2.了解地球内部圈层划分实况及各层主要特点,从宏观上认识全球的整体面貌,形成地球系统观念。3.通过归纳、总结、对比地球内部各层的特点,对学生进行综合归纳等思维能力的培养和训练。三、情感、态度、价值观通过学习对学生进行热爱自然、热爱科学的教育,鼓励学生献身于科学教育事业。【教学重点】1.地震波的波速及传播特点,区别横波与纵波。2.地球内部圈层划分实况及各层主要特点,特别是地壳的特点。3.岩石圈概念,软流层知识。
讨论:二氧化碳在大气的受热过程中起到了什么作用?(吸收太阳辐射中的红外线辐射和地面辐射,保温作用)大气中的二氧化碳浓度增大对气温有什么影响?(全球气候变暖)阅读:我们知道了太阳辐射中的可见光和红外 光能量的吸收和转化,那么紫外区的能量到哪儿去了?请同学们查阅资料,自主探讨。小结:大气的受热过 程就是太阳晒热了地面,地面烘热了大气。太阳辐射是大气的根本热源,地面辐射是大气的直接热源。这就是为什么海拔越高,气温越低的原因,难怪高处不胜寒!转承:大气的直接热源是地面,不同性质的地面温度是不同的,同纬度,海洋和陆地就有温差。提问:请学生说说白天和晚上在海边的不同感受。由白天和晚上的风向不同切入实验P32活动。讨论:通过烟雾的飘动,我们得出了什么规律?冷热不均引起了热力环流板书: 二、热力环流板图与分析:结合试验,学生分析热力环流 的产生
晶晶和亮亮是两滴岩浆,他们生活在地球内部的:岩浆之家。一天,他们得到批准,与其他同伴一起到地球表面进行旅行。他们飞快地奔向地表,半路上,晶晶觉得累了,于是就与亮亮约好,在地表汇合。亮亮没有停步,与其他伙伴一起跳出地表,并沿着山坡往低处流动。忽然,亮亮发现自己不能再动了,不禁问旁边的同伴这是怎么一回事。同伴笑着说:“别担心,只不过你已经不再是岩浆罢了。”问题1、为什么同伴说亮亮已经不再是一滴岩浆了?2、你认为亮亮还可以继续他的地表旅行吗?请说明原因。(由学生讨论回答。)过了好长的一段时间,亮亮发现自己的个头变小了,并随着风和流水往前运动了。亮亮边走边欣赏着地表美丽的风光。忽然,亮亮发现一个熟悉的身影,认真一看,原来是晶晶。亮亮惊讶地问:“你是怎么来到地表的?”3、请你简要推测晶晶到达地表的过程。(由学生讨论回答。)亮亮和晶晶又一起踏上旅程。
【导入新课】一位在青藏高原上跋涉的旅行者,途中休息时从路边岩层中随手拿起一块小石 头玩赏时受小石子的纹路的吸引,他不禁仔细观瞧,吃惊地发现这竟是一个古代海洋生物化石!近年来,人们在台湾海 峡海底某些地方发现有古代森林的遗迹。这些发现告诉我们什么? 【学生讨论回答】略。 【教师总结概括】地壳和宇宙间一切物质一样,处在不停的运动变化之中。那么地表千姿百态的形态是如何营造的呢?这就是我们这节课要解决的课题【板书】第四章:地表形态的塑造 第一节:营造地表形态的力量【提问】哪位同学能够例举营造地表形态的力量改变地表面貌的实例? (学生讨论、回答问题。教师在副板书上一一记录。) 【过渡】营造地表形态的力量具体划分有很多种,但归纳起来看可以划分为两种,即内力作用和外力作用,首先我们来看一下内力作用.【板书】一、内力作用 【指导读书】请大家阅读教材P74第一段和案例1,思考:
1.生产功能:合成有机物的能力2.平衡功能:使自然地理要素的性质保持稳定的能力【教师讲解】生产功能主要依赖于光合作用。在光合作用过程中,植物提供叶绿素,大气提供热量和二氧化碳,土壤及水圈、岩石圈提供水分及无机盐。光合作用通过物质和能量的交换,将生物、大气、水、土壤、岩石等地理要素统一在一起,在一定的条件下,生产出有机物。由此可见,生产功能是自然环境的整体功能而非单个地理要素的功能。大气本身不具有减缓二氧化碳增加的功能,但是,在自然地理环境中,通过各地理要素的相互作用,却能消除部分新增的二氧化碳的能力,既为自然地理环境的平衡功能。请大家阅读教材P94活动,利用平衡功能的原理,解释一定范围内各物种的数量基本恒定这一现象。【学生讨论回答】略。(可参考教参)【转折】自然地理环境各要素每时每刻都在演化,如我们熟知的气候变化、地貌变化等。各个要素的发展演化是统一的,一个要素的演化伴随着其他各个要素的演化。
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