一、教学目标1、让学生懂得使用文明用语是学生应有的美德。2、让学生知道常用的文明用语,并学会运用。3、培养学生使用文明用语的良好习惯。
【设计亮点】这是一篇自读课文,依据统编教材“教读—自读—课外阅读”的“三位一体”的阅读教学体系的特点和单元整体教学要求,我将本课设计为自读指导课型。我以学生自我阅读实践为主线,设计了四个循序渐进的学生阅读实践活动:初读,激发学生的阅读兴趣,了解学生的阅读认知水平;速读,落实单元能力目标,初步体会神话大胆的想象以及离奇而又合情合理的情节,初步感知女娲的形象;美读,深入品悟女娲形象,进一步体会课文想象奇特而又合情合理的特点;联读,激活学生思维,引导学生深入开展阅读实践活动,深入理解课文中丰富的想象是根植于现实的,而且是合情合理的。通过“四步”阅读,引导学生逐步自求自得,使教读课所学知识、方法和能力得到有效的迁移和拓展。最后,通过布置作业板块将阅读引向课外,实现课内外的有机勾连。【资料链接】袁珂和《中国古代神话》
海伦·凯勒一岁多时不幸染上疾病,致使她双目失明、双耳失聪,随之又丧失了说话的能力。从此,她坠入了一个黑暗而沉寂的世界,陷入了痛苦的深渊。17岁,海伦·凯勒考进哈佛大学,还掌握了英、法、德、拉丁和希腊五种语言。大学期间,她开始写作。毕业后,她把自己的一生献给了盲人福利和教育事业,并在繁忙的工作中先后完成了14部具有世界影响的著作,最著名的是其自传《假如给我三天光明》。海伦·凯勒无比敬爱和感激自己的老师莎莉文,她说:“假如给我三天光明,我首先要长久地凝视我的老师——安妮·莎莉文!”海伦把自己的学习分成四个步骤:1.每天用三个小时自学。2.用两个小时默记所学的知识。3.再用一个小时的时间将自己用三个小时所学的知识默写下来。4.剩下的时间她运用学过的知识练习写作。在学习与记忆的过程中,她只有一个信念:她一定能够把自己所学习的知识记下来,使自己成为一个有用的人。她每天坚持学习10个小时以上,经过长时间的刻苦学习,她掌握了大量的知识,能熟练地背诵大量的诗词和名著的精彩片段。
一、教材分析第四单元“发展社会主义市场经济”旨在培养社会主义的建设者,高中生是未来社会主义现代化建设的主力军,是将来参与市场经济活动的主要角色,承担着全面建设小康社会的重任,本课的逻辑分为两目:第一目,从“总体小康到全面小康”。这一部分的逻辑结构如下:首先讴歌我国人民的生活水平达到总体小康这一伟大成就,然后从微观和宏观两个方面介绍总体小康的成就。同时指出,我国现在达到的小康是低水平、不全面、发展不平衡的小康。第二目“经济建设的新要求”。这一目专门介绍全面建设小康社会的经济目标,也是学生要重点把握的内容。二、教学目标(一)知识目标(1)识记总体小康的建设成就在宏观和微观上的表现,全面建设小康社会的经济建设目标。(2)理解低水平、不全面、发展很不平衡的小康,以及小康社会建设进程是不平衡的发展过程。(3)运用所学知识,初步分析全面建设小康社会的意义。
(4)写第三间小屋时作者为什么说“在我们的小屋里,住着所有我们认识的人,唯独没有我们自己”?明确:这是一个信息高度发达的社会,我们能从不同渠道接受各种纷繁复杂的信息,渐渐,有的人就被这个信息社会所同化了,常常随波逐流,用他人的观点来肯定事物的价值,常常以为众人所追求的就是他们自己想要的。于是别人的思想、外在的信息代替了他们自己的思想,使自己成为缺乏思想和思考的人,所以说“唯独没有我们自己”。(5)你认为在第三间精神小屋中应该怎样“安放我们自身”呢?明确:安放自身需要思考,拥有独立的思想。(6)请你结合日常生活,说说你是否尝试过如此构建“精神的三间小屋”。【教学提示】引导学生在对“精神的三间小屋”的理解基础上来审视生活,从而达到反思生活,审视自我精神世界,建构自我精神世界的目的。
2、 在故事和儿歌的帮助下,理解蜘蛛网的基本构造。 3、 体验帮助他人的快乐。 活动准备: 课件(蜘蛛、蜘蛛先生造房子的幻灯片、蜘蛛网)、幼儿绘画纸(上有蜘蛛),蜡笔 活动过程: 一、故事导入,引发兴趣。 1、 课件出示蜘蛛,让幼儿观察认识蜘蛛。 2、 结合课件,教师讲述故事《蜘蛛先生造房子》。 问:蜘蛛先生在找什么? 蜘蛛先生是用什么造房子的? 蜘蛛先生的房子是怎样的? 3、出示相应的蜘蛛网让幼儿观察蜘蛛网的构造。
①阐发话题式:就是用简练的语言对所给话题材料加以概括和浓缩,并找到一个最佳切入点加以深层次阐述。吉林一考生的满分作文《漫谈“感情”“认知”》的题记是:“同是对‘修墙’‘防盗’的预见,却产生‘聪明’或‘被怀疑’的结果。‘感情’竟能如此地左右着‘认知’,心的小舟啊,在文化的河流中求索。”这个题记通过对材料的简单解释,将“感情”与“认知”二者的关系诠释得非常明白,也点明了作者的态度和议论的中心。②诠释题目式:所拟题目一般都具有深刻性特点,运用题记形式对题目进行巧妙而又全面的诠释。云南一考生的满分作文《与你同行》的题记是:“他们一路同行,一个汲着水,一个负着火,形影相随。在他们携手共进时,就产生了智慧。”这个题记形象而深刻地对“与你同行”这个题目进行了解释,言简意赅,表明了考生对感情和理智关系的认识。
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【参考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
另一方面,其余的人反对这个计划,因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法,我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来,年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的,因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点,可适当发挥,使上下文连贯;
解析:当截面与轴截面平行时,得到的截面的形状为长方形;当截面与轴截面斜交时,得到的截面的形状是椭圆;当截面与轴截面垂直时,得到的截面的形状是圆,所以截面的形状不可能是三角形.故选A.方法总结:用平面去截圆柱时,常见的截面有圆、椭圆、长方形、类似于梯形、类似于拱形等.探究点三:截圆锥问题一竖直平面经过圆锥的顶点截圆锥,所得到的截面形状与下图中相同的是()解析:经过圆锥顶点的平面与圆锥的侧面和底面截得的都是一条线.如图,由图可知得到的截面是一个等腰三角形.故选B.方法总结:用平面去截圆锥,截面的形状可能是三角形、圆、椭圆等.三、板书设计教学过程中,强调学生自主探索和合作交流,经历操作、抽象、归纳、积累等思维过程,从中获得数学知识与技能,发展空间观念和动手操作能力,同时升华学生的情感态度和价值观.
[例3]、用一个平面去截一个几何体,截面形状有圆、三角形,那么这个几何体可能是_________。四、巩固强化:1、一个正方体的截面不可能是( )A、三角形 B、梯形 C、五边形 D、七边形2、用一个平面去截五棱柱,边数最多的截面是_______形.3*、用一个平面去截几何体,若截面是三角形,这个几何体可能是__________________________________________________.4*、用一个平面截一个几何体,如果截面是圆,你能想象出原来的几何体可能是什么吗?如虹截面是三角形呢?5*、如果用一个平面截一个正方体的一个角,剩下的几何体有几个顶点、几条棱、几个面?6*、几何体中的圆台、棱锥都是课外介绍的,所以我们就在这个栏目里继续为大家介绍这两种几何体的截面.(1)圆台用平面截圆台,截面形状会有_____和_______这两种较特殊图形,截法如下:
(1)用简洁明快的语言概括大意,不能超过200字;(2)图表中能确定的数值,在故事叙述中不得少于3个,且要分别涉及时间、路和速度这三个量.意图:旨在检测学生的识图能力,可根据学生情况和上课情况适当调整。说明:练习注意了问题的梯度,由浅入深,一步步引导学生从不同的图象中获取信息,对同学的回答,教师给予点评,对回答问题暂时有困难的同学,教师应帮助他们树立信心。第四环节:课时小结内容:本节课我们学习了一次函数图象的应用,在运用一次函数解决实际问题时,可以直接从函数图象上获取信息解决问题,当然也可以设法得出各自对应的函数关系式,然后借助关系式完全通过计算解决问题。通过列出关系式解决问题时,一般首先判断关系式的特征,如两个变量之间是不是一次函数关系?当确定是一次函数关系时,可求出函数解析式,并运用一次函数的图象和性质进一步求得我们所需要的结果.
学习目标1.掌握两个一次函数图像的应用;(重点)2.能利用函数图象解决实际问题。(难点)教学过程一、情景导入在一次蜡烛燃烧实验中,甲、乙两根蜡烛燃烧时剩余部分的高度y(厘米)与燃烧时间x(小时)之间的关系如图所示.请你根据图象所提供的信息回答下列问题:甲、乙两根蜡烛燃烧前的高度分别是 厘米、 厘米,从点燃到燃尽所用的时间分别是 小时、 小时.你会解答上面的问题吗?学完本解知识,相信你能很快得出答案。二、 合作探究探究点一:两个一次函数的应用(2015?日照模拟)自来水公司有甲、乙两个蓄水池,现将甲池的中水匀速注入乙池,甲、乙两个蓄水池中水的深度y(米)与注水时间x(时)之间的函数图象如下所示,结合图象回答下列问题.(1)分别求出甲、乙两个蓄水池中水的深度y与注水时间x之间的函数表达式;(2)求注入多长时间甲、乙两个蓄水池水的深度相同;(3)求注入多长时间甲、乙两个蓄水的池蓄水量相同;
解:设正比例函数的表达式为y1=k1x,一次函数的表达式为y2=k2x+b.∵点A(4,3)是它们的交点,∴代入上述表达式中,得3=4k1,3=4k2+b.∴k1=34,即正比例函数的表达式为y=34x.∵OA=32+42=5,且OA=2OB,∴OB=52.∵点B在y轴的负半轴上,∴B点的坐标为(0,-52).又∵点B在一次函数y2=k2x+b的图象上,∴-52=b,代入3=4k2+b中,得k2=118.∴一次函数的表达式为y2=118x-52.方法总结:根据图象确定一次函数的表达式的方法:从图象上选取两个已知点的坐标,然后运用待定系数法将两点的横、纵坐标代入所设表达式中求出待定系数,从而求出函数的表达式.【类型三】 根据实际问题确定一次函数的表达式某商店售货时,在进价的基础上加一定利润,其数量x与售价y的关系如下表所示,请你根据表中所提供的信息,列出售价y(元)与数量x(千克)的函数关系式,并求出当数量是2.5千克时的售价.
四个不同类型的问题由浅入深,学生能从不同角度掌握求一次函数的方法.对于问题4,教师可引导学生分析,并教学生要学会画图,利用图象分析问题,体会数形结合方法的重要性.学生若出现解题格式不规范的情况,教师应纠正并给予示范,训练学生规范答题的习惯.第五环节课时小结内容:总结本课知识与方法1.本节课主要学习了怎样确定一次函数的表达式,在确定一次函数的表达式时可以用待定系数法,即先设出解析式,再根据题目条件(根据图象、表格或具体问题)求出 , 的值,从而确定函数解析式。其步骤如下:(1)设函数表达式;(2)根据已知条件列出有关k,b的方程;(3)解方程,求k,b;4.把k,b代回表达式中,写出表达式.2.本节课用到的主要的数学思想方法:数形结合、方程的思想.目的:引导学生小结本课的知识及数学方法,使知识系统化.第六环节作业布置习题4.5:1,2,3,4目的:进一步巩固当天所学知识。教师也可根据学生情况适当增减,但难度不应过大.
小刘同学用10元钱购买两种不同的贺卡共8张,单价分别是1元与2元.设1元的贺卡为x张,2元的贺卡为y张,那么x,y所适合的一个方程组是()A.x+y2=10,x+y=8 B.x2+y10=8,x+2y=10C.x+y=10,x+2y=8 D.x+y=8,x+2y=10解析:根据题意可得到两个相等关系:(1)1元贺卡张数+2元贺卡张数=8(张);(2)1元贺卡钱数+2元贺卡钱数=10(元).设1元的贺卡为x张,2元的贺卡为y张,可列方程组为x+y=8,x+2y=10.故选D.方法总结:要判断哪个方程组符合题意,可从题目中找出两个相等关系,然后代入未知数,即可得到方程组,进而得到正确答案.三、板书设计二元一次方程组二元一次方程及其解的定义二元一次方程组及其解的定义列二元一次方程组通过自主探究和合作交流,建立二元一次方程的数学模型,学会逐步掌握基本的数学知识和方法,形成良好的数学思维习惯和应用意识,提高解决问题的能力,感受数学创造的乐趣,增进学好数学的信心,增加对数学较全面的体验和理解.
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