【备课资料】百团大战八路军从8月20日起,在华北敌后出动105个团,约40万兵力,在2500公里长的战线上,发动了规模最大的“以彻底破坏正太路若干要隘,消灭部分敌人截断该线交通”为目的的举世闻名的“百团大战”。八路军提出“不留一根铁轨、不留一根枕木、不留一个车站、不留一个碉堡、不留一座桥梁”的口号,“让敌人用脚同我们赛跑”,“让敌人用牛驴搬炮弹、飞机大炮”。八路军展开攻坚战,端掉敌一系列据点。据有关资料记载,从8月20日到12月5日,在历时三个半月的“百四大战”中,我军共进行大小战斗1824次,毙伤日伪军25800余人,俘日伪军18600余人,缴获了大批武器、弹药和军用食品等;破坏铁路470多公里,公路1500多公里,桥梁、车站、隧道等260余处,使正太铁路停运月余;攻克日伪据点2993个,巩固和扩大了抗日军民占领区。
教材分析改革开放后我国的综合国力不断增强,人民对祖国统一的愿望越来越迫切。本节课以“一国两制”构想的提出,香港、澳门的回归和海峡两岸关系的发展为中心,说明实现祖国统一,完成中华民族复兴是历史发展的必然。第一目“‘一国两制’构想的提出”主要讲述了“一国两制”的含义及历史意义。第二目“香港、澳门的回归”着重讲述了香港回归、澳门回归的经过及历史意义,这是“一国两制”成功的实践。第三目“海峡两岸关系的发展”讲述了大陆注重发展与台湾的关系,促进海峡两岸的经济文化交流与合作,打破了几十年来海峡两岸的隔绝状态,促进了祖国统一的进程。此外,教材还通过“资料回放”“历史纵横”“学思之窗”等栏目,为学生学习提供了一些详细的史料。在教学中要分析图表资料,引导学生理解完成祖国统一大业,实现中华民族的复兴,是任何人也阻挡不了的历史潮流。
教师活动:针对学生的辩论作点评、总结:(4)勤俭节约、艰苦奋斗勤俭节约、艰苦奋斗是我国的传统美德,是一种民族精神,而不是一种具体的消费行为。作为精神,它是永远不过时的。特别是我国还处在社会主义的初级阶段,生产力水平还比较低,还面临人口、资源等压力,我们更应该发扬勤俭节约、艰苦奋斗的优良作风。从个人思想品德的修养角度讲,有利于个人优秀品德的形成和情操的陶冶,是有志者应该具备的精神状态。当然,不能把勤俭节约、艰苦奋斗与合理消费对立起来,勤俭节约不是抑制消费而是说不要浪费。总之,以上四个原则,是科学消费观的具体要求,我们要理解和掌握这些原则,并用他们指导自己的消费行为,既有益于个人,也有益于社会,将促进个人的健康发展和社会的可持续发展。
贷款消费不仅满足了消费者的生活需要,提高了消费者的生活质量,而且促进了经济的发展,特别是我国经济发展进入买方市场后,贷款消费对扩大内需,拉动经济的增长起来重要的作用。所以,我们要转变传统的消费观念,以积极的态度来对待贷款消费,通过贷款消费满足来满足当前的需要,通过生活质量。当然,在贷款消费是也要考虑自己的偿还能力,还要讲究信用,按时还贷。(3)按消费的目的不同,可分为生存资料消费、发展资料消费和享受资料消费。其中生存资料消费是最基本的消费。随着经济水平的提高,发展资料和享受资料消费将逐渐增加。3、消费结构 教师活动:引导学生看书,指出(1)消费结构的含义:就是指人们各类消费支出在消费总支出中所占的比重。教师活动:引导学生分析个人及家庭消费状况的变化,说明对消费结构的理解,并总结消费结构的变化特点。学生活动:积极讨论,踊跃发言
(2)、价值规律 教师总结:通过这一节的学习我们明白了一个道理:商品的价值量由生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定,商品交换以价值量为基础实行等价交换。这一经济原则就叫做价值规律。受供求关系影响,商品价格围绕价值上下波动,是价值规律要求发生作用的具体表现。(3)、价格围绕价值上下波动是价值规律的表现形式(三)课堂总结、点评 本节内容讲述的主要知识如下:1、气候、时间、地域、生产、习俗等因素会改变供求关系状况,供求关系变化影响价格变动,形成卖方市场和买方市场。2、商品价格由价值决定,价值量与社会必要劳动时间成正比,与劳动生产率成反比。3、商品价格由价值决定,并受供求关系影响,在二者共同作用下形成市场价格。4、社会必要劳动时间决定商品价值量,商品交换以价值量为基础实行等价交换,是价值规律的基本内容,价格围绕价值上下波动是价值规律的表现形式。
教师总结:近二十多年来,我国个人所得税的征收发展迅速,这也反映了我国经济水平、人民生活收入有了较大提高。与增值税的计税方法不同,个人所得税采用累进税率的计税办法,就是个人所得越高,税率越高,纳税人个人收入越多,缴纳个人所得税越多。这一特点从教材83页个人所得税税率表上可以看出。教师点拨:个人所得税的计算办法是分段计算的,个人收入800元以内不计税,多余800元以上部分,按不同税率分段计税。请同学们计算教材所列题目。学生活动:计算。应税所得额:4000元;不超过500元部分:25元;500――2000元部分:150元;2000――4000元部分:300元;累计所得税:475元教师活动:同学们想一想,这样计算个人所得税有什么意义呢?学生活动:认真思考,回答问题教师点拨:有利于增加财政收入,有利于调节个人收入分配,实现社会公平。(三)课堂总结、点评
(3)人民币外汇牌价:我国通常采用100单位外币作为标准,折算为一定数量的人民币。如果用100单位外币可以兑换更多的人民币,说明外汇汇率升高;反之,则说明外汇汇率跌落。教师活动:大家知道汇率是经常变动的,为什么汇率经常变动?我国在美国、日本等国再三施加压力的情况下,为什么保持汇率稳定,人民币不升值?学生活动:学生就老师提出的问题去阅读教材;然后展开讨论,并回答(4)保持人民币币值稳定的意义教师点评:影响汇率变动的因素主要有:外汇的供求关系、通货膨胀(或紧缩)率的差异、经济增长率、利率水平、国家货币当局的干预与管制、市场预期、外汇投机活动等。外汇在国家经济发展和国际贸易中具有重要的作用:通过汇率的升降调节进出口贸易;可以影响国际资本的流动方向和数量;可以影响国内物价水平;影响外汇储备的实际价值等。
(四)反思总结,当堂检测。本节内容讲述了价格变动对人们生活、生产的影响作用,主要知识框架如下:(1)、价格变动会影响人们的消费需求,商品价格上涨,人需求就减少,反之,则增大。价格变动对不同商品需求影响程度是不一样的,对生活必需品的需求量影响较小,对高档耐用品的需求量影响较大。相关商品价格变动对消费需求的影响不同,某种商品价格上涨,就会减少需求量,其替代品需求量增加,其互补品需求量则减少。(2)、价格变化也会影响生产经营,价格变动会调节生产,刺激生产者改进技术,提高劳动生产率,促使生产者生产适销对路的高 质量产品。(五)发导学案、布置预习。预习第三课第一框《消费及其类型》,完成预习导学案练习题九、板书设计《价格变动的影响》1、对人们生活的影响(1)商品价格变动与消费需求量之间的关系(2)不同商品的需求量对价格变动的反应程度不同
二、做理智的消费者1、量入为出,适度消费2、避免盲从,理性消费3、保护环境,绿色消费4、勤俭节约,艰苦奋斗十、教学反思本课的设计采用了课前下发预习学案,学生预习本节内容,找出自己迷惑的地方。课堂上师生主要解决重点、难点、疑点、考点、探究点以及学生学习过程中易忘、易混点等,最后进行当堂检测,课后进行延伸拓展,以达到提高课堂效率的目的。这节课我们主要学习了影响人们消费的几种消费心理和几种科学的消费观。本节课与学生生活十分贴近所以这节课充分的调动了学生学习的兴趣和积极性,并且让学生针对案例进行充分的分组讨论分析,通过学生的展示分析和补充可以知道学生们不但深层次分析了教学原理也透彻理解了教学重难点大大提高了课堂效率.。通过案例的分析进一步领会了教材原理突破了本节课的难点——树立正确的消费观。整堂课学生求知旺盛,复杂的知识变得简单化,从阅读教材到独立思考分析再到合作讨论最后的展示质疑答疑,加深了印象,提高了能力。
(5)be to do (可以和具体的时间状语连用)①表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。②用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必须努力工作。(6)be about to do (不与具体的时间状语连用) 表示即将要发生的动作。We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。(7)一般现在时表将来①表示按时间表规定将要发生的动作。常限于表示位置移动的短暂性动词。②在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看时刻表,快点!4026次航班的起飞时间是下午6点20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。
Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下来的三天里,您可以在当地导游的陪同下,深入雨林进行探索,欣赏雨林特有的动植物。本句主体结构为spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸,仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合,即可稳固墙体。本句为so that引导的结果状语从句。nothing与the perfect fit为并列成分; other than在句中意为“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.
2. Sort out detailed information about Michael Jordan.(1) Understand the transitional sentence.Q: Which part is about Michael Jordan as a master? Which part is about the example he set?(2) Have the Ss Focus on why Michael Jordan is a master and what good examples Michael Jordan set when they’re reading. And think about these questions as below:Q1: How does the author describe his impressive skills?Q2: How do you understand “time seemed to stand still”?Q3: What does “graceful” mean?Q4. Which sentence do you think best describes his mental strength?Q5. Which words is important in the sentence in describing his mental strength? Why?Q6: How do you understand “unique”?Q7: What can we learn from Michael Jordan?Step 5 Discussing and recommendingRecommend their own living legends of sports.Work in groups to choose your own living legend of sports and give the reasons of your choice. Step 6 HomeworkReview the stories of Lang Ping and Michael Jordan, and try to retell them.
①标题——标题应当简洁明了。②导语——导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话,简明扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。③主体——主体是消息的主要部分,要用充足的事实表现主题,对导语的内容作进一步的展开和阐述。④结束语——通常是对全文内容进行概括性的总结。3. 新闻报道增分句子(1)陈述事实常用的句型:①A terrible storm hit/struck ... , killing ..②It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings fell down and roads were destroyed, leaving a great many people homeless.地震发生在一个凉爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌,道路被毁,许多人无家可归。③With the help of the rescue team, people who were the trapped in the flood were saved.在救援队的帮助下,困在洪水中的人们得救了。(2)陈述观点常用的句型:①Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.显然/在我看来/似乎人们震惊了。②The whole city was in ruins after the earthquake.地震后整个城市成了一片废墟。(3)揭示原因常用的句型:Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: the restrictive relative clauses.This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of the restrictive relative clauses.2. Enable students to use the restrictive relative clauses flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教学重难点】How to enable students to have a good understanding of the restrictive relative clauses, especially the uses of the relative words such as which, that, who, whom.【教学过程】Step1: 语法知识呈现定语从句(一)—关系代词的用法在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,说明事物的具体信息,从句位于被修饰词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词指代先行词,并在定语从句中充当成分。关系词有两种:关系代词who, whom ,whose, that, which, as和关系副词when, where, why。
II Learn the technical terms-2.1. What can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and objective complement” in a sentence?2. What can be used as “adverbial” in a sentence?3. What can be used as “verb” in a sentence?Answers to questions 1-3:1. Nouns, pronouns and appellations can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and Objective Complement”. Besides, adjectives can be used as “Predicative and Objective Complement” in a sentence.2. Adverbs and prepositional phrases can be used as “Adverbial”.3. Verbs with actual meaning can be used as “Verb” in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs alone cannot be used as “Verb” in a sentence.III Learn to recognize the sentence structures.1. SV structure. For Example:(1) A bird flies.S V(2) A monkey jumps.S V(3) A fish swims.S V√ In SV structures, verbs are “intransitive verbs”.2. SVO structure. For Example:(1) A sheep eats grass.S V O(2) They like bananas.S V O(3) He wants candy.S V O√ In SVO structures, verbs are “transitive verbs”.3. SP structure. For Example:(1) This is great.S P (2) He looks well.S P (3) She became a teacher.S P √ In SP structures, Predicatives are formed by “link verbs” and “adjectives or nouns”.√ link verbs: be, become, grow, look, feel, taste, etc.4. SV IO DO structure. For Example:(1) He asked me a question.S V IO DO(2) Danny wrote me a letter.S V IO DO(3) Billy brought Sam a kite.S V IO DO√ In SV IO DO structures, the verbs are transitive and are followed by two objectives – pronouns or nouns as Indirect Objective, and nouns as Direct Objectives.
5. Read to get detailed information about Paragraph 5.Q1. What shows the revival of Tangshan?Q2. How can Tangshan revive itself and get up on its feet again?Q3. In times of disasters, how can we go through it?T: In times of disasters, we should unify, show the wisdom and stay positive.Step 4 Activity 4 Highlighting the theme and reflecting1. Make a summary of the text.2. Further understand the titleQ: After our learning, why do you think the earth didn’t sleep on that night?T: An earthquake happened. The people in the earthquake suffered a lot, and the people outside Tangshan were concerned about the people there a lot.3. Reflect through discussion on what can be learnt after reading.T: Disasters are powerful. Unpreparedness can be deadly. Life is weak, but if people work together to help each other, disasters can be defeated.There is no love from disaster, but we have love in the human heart.Step 5 Assignment How does the writer convey that the earthquake was deadly, and that people were helpless during the earthquake? Try to find some attractive and impressive expressions and note them down.
【教材分析】本节课是高中英语第一册的最后一个单元的阅读和思考部分,文章难度明显增加,体现在以下几个方面:文章题材是说明文,比较难理解;话题生疏,涉及到历史等知识;生词量增大,而且在语境中理解词汇的要求提高。面对这些,教师的难度和高度也要有所提升,通过探讨说明顺序,了解背景知识等帮助他们找到说明文阅读的方法。【教学目标与核心素养】1. 文化意识目标新课程中指出,文化意识是对中外文化的理解和对优秀文化的认同。文化意识的的培养有助于学生增加国家认同和家国情怀,成为有文明素养和社会责任感的人。我们这个单元很好体现了这一点,通过了解汉字书写的体系和发展,学生可以有一种文化自豪感,同时也能够帮助学生深入挖掘这篇文章,从而想到更多和中国文化相关的方面。2. 学习能力目标
Step 3: Read to sum upRead it again and sum up the problems of the three students, and then write down the advice that was given from others.Step 4: Work in pairs. List your learning problems in English and brainstorm some useful advice.Useful expressions ? I don't know how to…... Is a big difficulty for me. I cannot ...? You might try …. It's very important to…? I have no idea how/what .My biggest problem is .... ? I (also) have trouble with. My advice is …. This worked for me.? l cannot understand the teachers’ English in class.Step 5 Homework:为提高我校学生的英语口语水平,我们将举办英语演讲比赛(English- speaking contest),请你根据下面的信息,以学生会(the Students‘ Union)的名义写一份海报,欢迎全校同学参加,届时特邀本校美籍教师史密斯先生颁奖。? 报名时间 9月30日以前(报名:signup)? 报名地点 学生会办公室? 比赛时间 10月9日晚7:00~9:00? 比赛地点 学校大会议室? 奖励 前8名
教学目标知识目标:让学生更好理解如何恰当地写一个人的信息介绍,并能让学生熟练地使用一些写作技能。能力目标:培养学生的写作能力和团队协作能力。情感目标:提升学生对写作的兴趣。教学重难点 教学重点:如何能让学生更好地理解个人信息介绍。教学难点:如何能让学生通过适当地使用一些写作技能来写一篇较好的个人信息介绍。教学准备 多媒体、黑板、粉笔一、Pre-class1. Greetings2. Leading-inAsk students how to write a profile. What kinds of aspects should be included? The teacher asks students to discuss the topic with each other and put forward to much more ideas about the answer.二、While-class1. The teacher lets students to read the student profiles on Page 8 silently and then asks students to discuss the questions below.1. What is Ann like? How do you know?2. What are Thando’s hobbies?3. Where does Thando come from?4. What is Thando’s dream?5. What does “You will never see me without a book or a pen” mean?
This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?