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新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 3 Sports and Fitness-Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking教案
Finally, after finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to instruct students to work in groups to finish the following project:Speaking ProjectWhat event or activity would you like to invite your friend to? Make a conversation with a partner.Ski Race: Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.Track Meet: a great event for track –and –field lovers on 26 October.Gym Class: come and work out at a gym! You can make it.Part 2: Listening and Talking:The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls , what do you think of sportsmanship? Let’s listen and find out:Play the listening and match each opinion with the right speaker. Who do you agree with? Why?Cao Jing _____________ Lily _____________ Max _____________A. An athlete should do his/her best to win.B. The girl should stop and help the other girl. Good sportsmanship is more important than wining!C. An athlete should think about honor and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.Listen again and circle the expressions that you hear in the conversation.
新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 3 Sports and Fitness- Discovering Useful Structures—tag questions教案
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: tag questions.This period carries a considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ spoken English. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教学重难点】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. How to enable students to use the basic usages of tag questions flexibly.【教学过程】Step1: 语法自主探究一、基本组成方法1.肯定式陈述部分+否定附加疑问部分（前肯后否） You often play badminton, don’t you? 你经常打羽毛球，是吗？You are going to the gym with me, aren’t you?你要和我一起去健身房，是吗？She’s been to shanghai before, hasn’t she? 她以前去过上海，是吗？2.否定式陈述部分+肯定附加疑问部分（前否后肯） It isn't a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美丽的花，是吗？You didn't go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天没去滑冰，是吗？They can’t finish it by Friday, can they?他们不能在星期五之前完成，是吗？
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案：1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语，它通常位于系动词后面，用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案：1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading and Thinking教学设计
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for Writing教学设计一
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
人教版高中政治必修4在实践中追求和发展真理精品教案
一、教材分析人教实验版高中思想政治必修4第二单元第六课的第二框题。本框题所在单元的核心问题是如何看待我们周围的世界，该问题也是《生活与哲学》整本书的核心问题之一。而对这一问题的解决，单元中最终是由“在实践中追求和发展真理”来实现的。 本框题是所在单元的归宿，是对物质与意识、实践与认识关系的整体呈现与深华，是如何正确看到我们周围世界问题在世界观上的升华，是单元的最基本的知识目标之一。 二、教学目标（一）知识目标：识记真理的含义；理解真理最基本属性是客观性、真理是有条件的、具体的，认识具有反复性、无限性，在实践中认识、发现、检验、发展真理；分析“追求 真理是一个过程”。（二）能力目标：提高比较分析的能力和明辨是非的能力，培养学生具体问题具体分析的能力及用发展观点看问题的能力。（三）情感、态度与价值观目标：学会在现实生活中正确区分真理和谬误，正确对待人生道路上面临的挫折和困难，树立在实践中不断认识、丰富、发展真理的思想。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking＆Talking教学设计二
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading and Thinking教学设计二
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading for Writing教学设计二
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand，70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also，space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well－organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation？
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The value of money-Reading and Thinking教学设计二
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8：Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading for Writing教学设计二
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸！It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
人教版高中数学选择性必修二变化率问题教学设计
导语在必修第一册中，我们研究了函数的单调性，并利用函数单调性等知识，定性的研究了一次函数、指数函数、对数函数增长速度的差异，知道“对数增长” 是越来越慢的，“指数爆炸” 比“直线上升” 快得多，进一步的能否精确定量的刻画变化速度的快慢呢，下面我们就来研究这个问题。新知探究问题1 高台跳水运动员的速度高台跳水运动中，运动员在运动过程中的重心相对于水面的高度h(单位：m)与起跳后的时间t(单位：s)存在函数关系h(t)＝－4.9t2＋4.8t＋11.如何描述用运动员从起跳到入水的过程中运动的快慢程度呢？直觉告诉我们，运动员从起跳到入水的过程中，在上升阶段运动的越来越慢，在下降阶段运动的越来越快，我们可以把整个运动时间段分成许多小段，用运动员在每段时间内的平均速度v ?近似的描述它的运动状态。
人教版高中语文必修3《杜甫诗三首 咏怀古迹》教案
“千载琵琶作胡语，分明怨恨曲中论。”“怨恨”两字点明全篇主旨。千百年来，琵琶所演奏的总是从匈奴传来的撩人愁思的胡乐，正是昭君在诉说着她的怨恨！这两句从侧面烘托昭君的形象，既有对她的赞扬，又有对她的同情。读到这里，我们的耳边好像又响起了那深沉、幽怨的琵琶声！5、这首诗写的是昭君的怨恨，但首联一开始并没有写她的怨恨，写的是什么？这样写的目的又是什么？明确：群山万壑赴荆门山是群山起伏，连绵不绝；水是万壑争流，奔腾不息，直赴荆门山。其中的“赴”字用了拟人的手法，把迤逦不绝的千山万壑陡然间写活了，既有飞动之势，又有变幻之姿。从侧面烘托昭君的形象。两千多年前，一个青年女子远离父母之邦，嫁到异域，并在那里度过一生，确实需要巨大的勇气和毅力，而这雄伟的山川简直就是她那坚强的性格的象征。6、佳句鉴赏（这首诗歌当中，我认为有两句诗写得非常美，我自己很喜欢，不知道有没有同道中人？）
人教版高中语文必修3《杜甫诗三首 秋兴八首》教案2篇
４、主旨 哪一联明确地点明全诗题旨？表达了作者的什么感情？试做分析 颈联。 菊花开在秋天，所以这 “ 丛菊 ” 回应了诗题中那个 “ 秋 ” 字。 “ 他日 ” 可以指过去也可以指未来，在这里是指过去。“丛菊两开”，指诗人于 765 年离开成都，原打算很快出峡，但这年留居云安，次年又留居夔州，见到丛菊开了两次，还未出峡，故对菊掉泪。秋菊两度盛开，使诗人再次洒下往日流过的眼泪。“开”字双关，一谓菊花开，又言泪眼随之开。此时他仍然滞留在他乡，他始终没有放弃回乡的打算。孤舟可以系住，使其不能泛诸中流，但诗人的心是系不住的。他的心早已越过江河，越过关山，飞到了长安。所以，一叶靠岸系绳的孤舟，始终都牵动着诗人的故园之思。这一联是全篇诗意所在。孤舟本来只能系住自己的行踪，却把诗人的思乡之心也牢牢地系住了，故见舟伤心，引出故园之思，表现出思乡之情的深沉浓烈和欲归不得的无奈与凄伤，为文章的主旨句。
人教版高中政治必修2民主管理：共创幸福生活教案
教师活动：请同学们阅读教材P26页图表，思考所提的问题。学生活动：阅读课本，积极思考。教师点评：公民应在本地事务中增强主人翁责任感，积极参与民主管理。在参与民主管理的过程中，学习民主管理的知识和技能，体验民主管理的意义和价值，逐步增强和提高自己政治参与的责任意识和实际本领。2、青年学生应积极参与民主管理青年学生应着眼于未来发展，积极参与民主管理。在基层民主自治这种最广泛的民主实践中，获得更多民主管理机会，以不同方式尝试参与参与民主管理活动。在参与民主管理的过程中，学习民主管理的知识和技能，体验民主管理的意义和价值，逐步增强和提高自己政治参与的责任意识和实际本领。（三）课堂总结、点评本节内容讲述了我国的基层民主管理形式和主要内容，明确了积极参与基层民主管理的重要意义，这对我们提高自身政治素质，增强参与政治生活的责任感和能力等，有重大作用。
人教版高中政治必修2民主管理：共创幸福生活教案
一、 教材分析民主管理这个知识点虽然没有理论难度容易理解，但它具有较强的实用价值，可以帮学生找到一种切实可行的政治参与路径。因为村委会的知识对城市中的孩子来说比较陌生，所以本课侧重于讲解居委会的内容。二、教学目标（一）知识目标1、识记村委会、居委会及其作用2、正确理解基层民主管理中公民民主参与的形式3、联系实际分析公民在基层管理组织中的作用（二）能力目标提高公民参与民主管理的能力（三）情感、态度与价值观目标通过学习体验参与民主管理的意义和价值三、教学重点难点重点：村委会、居委会及其作用，公民在基层管理组织中的参与的形式和作用难点：公民在基层管理组织中的参与的形式和作用四、学情分析高一学生的优点是：第一，对什么都好奇，具有强烈的求知欲；第二，可塑性强，适当引导有利于培养其树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观；第三，孩子们性格活泼,、乐于实践、容易激活。
人教版高中政治必修2民主选举：投出理性一票教案
1、第一，材料一和材料二的选举方式有什么异同？（1）相同点：①都采用了演讲和答辩等形式，都带有竞选的性质；②都采用无记名、直接选举的方式进行投票选举；③都属于差额选举。（2）不同点：①材料一是对村主任进行的正式选举，结果是直接产生村主任，材料二是对镇长候选人进行的选举，结果只是确定镇长候选人，镇长人选还有待进行正式选举；②材料一是全体村民都参加选举，材料二是各户派代表参加选举；③材料二比材料一更强调竞选的方式。第二，你还知道哪些选举方式？除了直接选举外，还有间接选举、等额选举、差额选举等。第三，你能对这几种选举方式的意义和效果，作出自己的评估吗？这是学习中要探究的问题，这里不一定能回答出来，等到学完本框内容后，可以得出比较明确的答案。第四，材料三给了你什么启示？这个问题不要求统一的答案，能讲出一两点即可。提示如下：（1）新中国成立后，选举制度经历半个多世纪的发展，正在逐步走向完善；
人教版高中政治必修4综合探究：坚定理想，铸就辉煌教案
理想扎根在实践的土壤中理想当然是重要的，但是不能把理想当成幻想或空想，理想必须扎根在实践的土壤中。青年人充满激情，这是非常重要的。古人有句话：“哀莫大于心死”。最大的悲哀就是没有追求，就像一团火焰熄灭了一样，即使到了我这个年纪也不能“哀莫大于心死”。青年人都有很高的激情，这是很好的。但是青年的激情往往不大稳定，过去人们说青年人的热情是“三分钟的热度”。这句话不一定准确，但青年人在这一点上应该有一个正确的认识。记得我大学毕业时，对于走向社会、走向生活充满了幻想，认为生活中的一切都是美好的，是典型的理想主义者，因此，对自己不能正确的估价，好高骛远，只愿做大事，不愿也不注意从小事积累。列宁说过，大事是由小事积累而成的。我当初毕业时，一方面充满了激情，另一方面也确实过高地估计了自己。
《故都的秋》《荷塘月色》《我与地坛》群文阅读说课稿 2022-2023学年统编版高中语文必修上册
(2) 中国文人的悲秋情结。3.《荷塘月色》中，作者为什么要离开家来到荷塘散步？4. 思考：作者的心里为何“颇不宁静？”（教师补充：写作背景）5. 出门散步后，作者的心情发生变化了吗？ 有怎样的变化？6.思考讨论：为什么作者说“我”与“地坛”间有着宿命般的缘分，二者有何相似之处？（阅读1-5段）7.思考：作者从他同病相怜的“朋友“身上理解了怎样的”意图“？三、课堂总结李白说：“天地者，万物之逆旅也。”人生，如同一场旅行，在人生的旅途中，时而高山，时而峡谷，时而坦途，时而歧路。我们或放歌，或悲哭，然而，大自然始终以其不变的姿势深情地看着我们，而我们，也应该学会在与自然的深情对望中，找到生命的契合。正如敬亭山之于李白，故都的秋之于郁达夫，荷塘月色之于朱自清，地坛之于史铁生，他们从中或得到心灵的慰藉、精神的寄托，或得到生存的智慧与勇气，最终完成精神的超脱。