(四)概括古代中国农业经济的基本特点从历史地位、生产结构、基本特征、基本模式等几方面,小组讨论古代中国农业经济的特点,然后展示。1、历史地位:中国是独立发展、自成体系的世界农业起源中心之一。2、生产结构:种植业和家畜饲养业相结合,以种植业为主,家畜饲养业为辅。3、基本特征:农业生产精耕细作。 4、基本模式:一家一户的小农经济。知识拓展:当今中国农村人口膨胀,农民生活条件急需提高,如何处理好“三农”问题是中国社会走向和谐健康发展的重要课题,回顾中国古代农业的发展历程,结合农业发展的现状,谈谈你的看法和建议。展示:1.因地制宜,发挥各地特色优势2、精耕细作和现代科学相结合; 3.保护生态环境,坚持可持续发展;4.完善水利设施,政府重视。
请回答:根据上述材料,概述第二次工业革命兴起的主要原因。〖参考答案〗①政治上,资本主义制度在世界范围内的确立,为第二次工业革命提供了政权保障。②市场上,世界市场进一步拓展,推动生产进步发展。③科技上,19世纪自然科学的飞速发展与重大突破。④劳动力上,拥有更多、素质更好的自由劳动力。⑤经济上,拥有更加雄厚的资本。探索攻关二:第二次工业革命与垄断组织的出现的关系材料一第二次工业革命产生的新兴工业部门,在厂房、设备、技术要求和产品结构的复杂性等方面,都对生产组织提出了新的要求。这是过去的独家企业无法满足的,而且一般没有足够的资金。……于是,集中资金的合股公司迅速增加起来,起大型企业垄断组织也就应运而生。
一、教学目标知识与能力:了解或掌握英国工业革命的条件和重要发明及进程,掌握工业革命的影响。分析工业革命首先发生在英国的条件和工业革命的影响,领会生产力和生产关系,经济基础和上层建筑之间的辩证关系;分析工业革命对世界市场发展的影响,提高材料解析能力;分析世界市场基本形成的影响,培养学生运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义分析历史事件的能力。过程与方法:启发式谈话法,问题探究法:层层设疑,环环相扣,由浅入深地理解知识。联系比较法:构建知识体系,突出事物特点。情感态度与价值观:懂得科学技术是第一生产力,使学生尊重科学,热爱科学;正确认识工业文明的成就与代价,帮助学生形成正确价值观;联系中国历史深刻理解科技兴国,深化改革的必要性。二、教学重点和难点重点:英国工业革命产生的原因、工业革命的主要成就和影响。难点:工业革命对资本主义世界市场发展的影响。课时安排:1课时教具准备: 多媒体课件以及相应教学资料。
1、知识与能力:(1)了解欧洲联盟的形成过程,剖析欧洲国家的一体化由经济实体向政治实体转变的原因和实质;(2)了解北美自由贸易区的形成过程,由北美自由贸易区的形成原因分析世界经济全球化与经济区域集团化之间的关系和影响。(3)了解亚太经济合作组织的形成过程,明确其特点及出现此特点的原因。掌握中国在加入该组织后所发挥的作用,并由此引申出中国在经济区域集团化过程中所发挥的作用。2、过程与方法:(1)通过学生对三大经济区域集团形成过程和特点的比较,锻炼学生把具体的历史现象与整体的社会背景联系的能力,培养学生建立起全面的历史观。(2)通过对经济区域集团化趋势的出现和它与经济全球化之间关系的分析,培养学生辨证的看问题,透过现象分析本质的能力。
②其他货币与美元挂钩:即各会员国货币对美元的汇率按各自货币的含金量与美元确定固定比价。各国货币与美元的汇率可按各国货币含金量与美元含金量之比来确定,这称为法定汇率。例如,1946年一英镑的含金量为3.58134克,一美元的含金量为0.888671克,则英镑和美元的含金量之比1英镑=4.03美元就是法定汇率。这一规定,使美元等同于黄金,美元从此有了“美金”的说法;与美元比起来,其他国家的货币处于从属地位,确立了美元在国际货币体系中的中心地位、主导地位正如当时美国财政部长福勒所说:“各个行星围绕着太阳转,各国货币围绕着美元转。”小结: “布雷顿森林体系”是一个以美元为中心的世界货币体系,美国通过布雷顿森林体系,掌握了资本主义世界的经济命脉。(2)影响:①为世界货币关系提供了统一的标准和基础,有利于维持战后世界货币体系的正常运转,为世界经济的恢复和发展创造了条件。
生1:公平性原则——同代人之间要公平,代际之间、人类与其他生物种群之间、不同国家与地区之间也要公平。生2:持续性原则——地球的承载力是有限的,人类的经济活动和社会发展必须保持在资源和环境的承载力之内。生3:共同性原则——发展经济和保护环境是全世界各国共同的任务,需要各国的共同参与。同时,地球作为一个整体,地区性问题往往会变为全球性问题,所以地区的决策和行动,应有助于实现全球整体的协调。活动与探究:2·阅读下面一篇新闻报道,你认为“给蛇让道”有没有必要?答:有必要·人类在森林区内修筑公路,已经侵占和破坏了蛇的生存环境,如果再不对蛇的迁移进行保护,蛇数量的减少以至灭绝将不可避免。这种做法体现了可持续发展的公平性原则和共同性原则。3·用可持续发展的观念作为衡量标准,对下列观点作出评价。(1)人类有义务保护地球上所有的物种,人类的发展不应该危及其他物种的生存。答:正确。符合可持续发展的公平性原则。
经济因素对人口迁移是主要的,经常起作用的因素,是人口迁移的基本动因。通常情况下,经济发展水平的差异决定着人们迁移的方向,人们迁移是为了追求更好的就业机会和更高的经济收入。经济发展水平高的地区往往成为人口迁入地,人口的迁移量取决于迁入地对劳动力的需求状况和迁出地人口相对过剩的状况。师:20世纪80年代深圳、珠海等地设立了经济特区’吸I了大量的人口迁入。这又说明了什么问题? (生回答,师总结)从宏观上看,经济布局也会造成大量的人口迁移。说明经济越发达,对人口的吸引力(即拉力)越大。经济发展水平、规模和速度决定着人口迁移的流向、流量和流速。师:交通和通讯又如何影响着人口的迁移呢?生:交通和通讯的发展,缩小了地区之间的距离,促进了人口迁移。
过渡:下面我们从时间角度分析世界人口数量变化的趋势是怎样的呢?为什么会这样呢?板书:1、人口自然增长的时间变化(引导学生读课本图1.2和图1.3,让学生分析)教师首先让学生说出阅读地理曲线统计图的一般步骤和方法,然后总结归纳:1、 读图名。2、 读各个坐标分别表示什么变量(两图横坐标均表示时间,纵坐标均为相应时期人口数)。3、 判读图形变化特征(两图中曲线曲率的变化反映对应时段内人口自然增长率的大小)。4、 思考变量之间的因果关系(两图均反映不同历史时期世界人口数量增长的不同特点)。问:世界人口数量变化的总趋势是什么?(让学生结合课本P2读图思考题,分析回答同时让学生阅读课本图1.3,在图1.2中找出图1.3所在的时段,指导学生自学P3第一段,让学生分析近100年全球人口快速增长的原因。最后师生共同归纳总结,填写下表。)
【大宗与小宗的关系:君臣关系、兄弟关系】4、影响:宗法制保证了贵族在政治上的垄断和特权地位,也有利于统治集团内部的稳定和团结。【合作探究】分封制与宗法制的关系两者互为表里、相辅相成:从根本上说,分封制就是宗法制作用于国家地方政治制度的重要举措和体现。宗法制是分封制的内核和纽带,维护贵族统治集团内部的稳定与团结。宗法制与分封制结合紧密,宗法制是西周政治制度的基础,分封制基于宗法制而产生,与宗法制互为表里。小结:我国早期政治制度(夏商周)发展脉络:起源于夏——初步建立于夏商——完善于西周——瓦解于西周末年到春秋——崩溃于战国★问题解答⊙【学思之窗】从这段记载,你能看出商朝的相权有多大吗?答案提示:相是商朝中央最高官吏,相权很大,包括参定政制、主持政务、辅佐商王等,甚至有时可废立商王。
Finally, after finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to instruct students to work in groups to finish the following project:Speaking ProjectWhat event or activity would you like to invite your friend to? Make a conversation with a partner.Ski Race: Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.Track Meet: a great event for track –and –field lovers on 26 October.Gym Class: come and work out at a gym! You can make it.Part 2: Listening and Talking:The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls , what do you think of sportsmanship? Let’s listen and find out:Play the listening and match each opinion with the right speaker. Who do you agree with? Why?Cao Jing _____________ Lily _____________ Max _____________A. An athlete should do his/her best to win.B. The girl should stop and help the other girl. Good sportsmanship is more important than wining!C. An athlete should think about honor and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.Listen again and circle the expressions that you hear in the conversation.
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: tag questions.This period carries a considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ spoken English. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教学重难点】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. How to enable students to use the basic usages of tag questions flexibly.【教学过程】Step1: 语法自主探究一、基本组成方法1.肯定式陈述部分+否定附加疑问部分(前肯后否) You often play badminton, don’t you? 你经常打羽毛球,是吗?You are going to the gym with me, aren’t you?你要和我一起去健身房,是吗?She’s been to shanghai before, hasn’t she? 她以前去过上海,是吗?2.否定式陈述部分+肯定附加疑问部分(前否后肯) It isn't a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美丽的花,是吗?You didn't go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天没去滑冰,是吗?They can’t finish it by Friday, can they?他们不能在星期五之前完成,是吗?
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
在当时雅典的公民大会和陪审法庭上,人们常常要发表意见,要和自己的对手辩论,雅典法庭规定每个公民须替自己辩护,不许旁人代辩。所以出现了这样一批专门教授人辩论、演说、修辞的技巧和参政知识的职业教师。①政治因素:雅典奴隶制民主政治发展到顶峰,成为希腊政治和文化中心。参与政治生活成为每个公民生活的重要内容②古希腊工商业发展,奴隶制经济繁荣(在广大奴隶的劳动基础上,古希腊的经济迅速发展起来,为哲学的成长提供了物质条件)——根本原因③人的地位的提高(民主政治制度和每个公民参与政治意识的加强,使人的中心地位日益突出)最后教师强调:提示并强调学生学习时要注意理解“一定的文化是一定社会的政治和经济在观念形态上的反映”。3、代表人物:普罗泰格拉4、研究领域:人和人类社会关注人与人之间的关系、社会组织、风俗习惯和伦理规范
案例探究:环地中海地区农业的变迁让学生思考:此地哪些因素发生了变化,农业生产方式进行了如何调整?效果如何?二、农业地域的形成1、农业地域的概念:由于以上各因素的共同影响,在一定的地域和一定的历史条件下,形成了相应的生产地区,称为农业地域。农业地域的类型主要有:种植业、畜牧业、混合农业。(在这里分别给学生展示一些农业生产类型的图片,并简单说明什么是种植业、什么是畜牧业、及什么是混合农业)案例探究:阅读澳大利亚地混合农业生产思考:(1)、澳大利亚农业生产的特点是什么?(2)、澳大利亚混合农业的分布在哪里?受哪些区位因素的影响?(3)澳大利亚混合农业生产有哪些优点?
2.音响生产的工业集聚有哪些优势?点拨:可以加强各企业间的信息交流和技术协作,降低中间产品的运输费用和能源消耗,进而降低生产成本,提高生产效率和利润,取得规模效益。3.根据惠州音响零件的来源百分比,说明惠州音响零件供应厂家的地域分布有什么规律。点拨:距离递减规律,距离惠州音响整机组装厂越近的地区零件来源所占比例越高。三)工业地域工业联系—--------- 工业集聚------------工业地域工业地域:工业集聚而形成的地域称之为工业地域。1.工业地域形成的两种情况⑴自发形成的工业地域: 以生产工序上的工业联系为基础,以降低生产成本为目的。⑵规划建设的工业地域:如我国许多地方的经济技术开发区:①把生产上有投入 产出联系密切的工厂布局在一起。②先建成基础设施,再吸引投资者建厂,形成空间和信息共同利用的工业联系。我国许多地方的经济技术开发区,就是利用这一原理建成的。2.两类不同性质的工业地域
(一)知识目标1、识记我国政府职能的主要内容;政府履行其职能的作用。2、理解国家性质与国家职能的关系;我国政府职能的主要内容及履行的原因;我国政府是便民利民的政府;管理和服务是政府的基本职能。3、运用生活中的事例,评议政府履行职责的表现;结合日常生活的事例,感受政府的作用。(二)能力目标1、从国家行使国家职能的具体事实,判断其属于何种职能2、说明政府履行其职能对我们生活和社会经济发展的影响和作用。(三)情感、态度与价值观目标通过对我国的政府职能的学习,使同学们进一步升华对我国的政府是人民的政府的认同。同时,公民也应向政府寻求解决自身困难,维护自身合法权益的帮助,这也有助于政府工作的改进。★教学重点、难点政府职能的问题★ 教学方法教师启发、引导,学生自主阅读、思考,讨论、交流学习成果。